Dissociative Identity Disorder: Etiology, Media, and Stigma

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is often portrayed incorrectly in the media, causing the public to know little about the disorder other than the stigmatizing information from the media. Because of this, individuals with the disorder often face more stigmatizing behaviors than the normal amount of stigma those with mental disorders often face. The newest revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) contributes the etiology of the disorder to underlying trauma, however many psychologists consider a sociocognitive or fantasy model. Current research provides more support for the trauma/posttraumatic model of the disorder and further supports the harm the media is causing

Role of proton irradiation and relative air humidity on iron corrosion

This paper presents a study of the effects of proton irradiation on iron corrosion. Since it is known that in humid atmospheres, iron corrosion is enhanced by the double influence of air and humidity, we studied the iron corrosion under irradiation with a 45% relative humidity. Three proton beam intensities (5, 10 and 20 nA) were used. To characterise the corrosion layer, we used ion beam methods (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA)) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The corrosion kinetics are plotted for each proton flux. A diffusion model of the oxidant species is proposed, taking into account the fact that the flux through the surface is dependent on the kinetic factor K. This model provides evidence for the dependence of the diffusion coefficient, D, and the kinetic factor, K, on the proton beam intensity. Comparison of the values for D with the diffusion coefficients for thermal oxygen diffusion in iron at 300 K suggests an enhancement due to irradiation of 6 orders of magnitude

Bed Particle Displacements and Morphological Development in a Wandering Gravel-Bed River

Bed particles were tracked using passive integrated transponder tags in a wandering reach of the San Juan River, British Columbia, Canada, to assess particle movement around three major bars in the river. In-channel topographic changes were monitored through repeat LiDAR surveys during this period and used in concert with the tracer data set to assess the relationship between particle displacements and changes in channel morphology, specifically, the development and re-working of bars. This has direct implications for virtual velocity and morphologic based estimates of bedload flux, which rely on accurate estimates of the variability and magnitude of particle path lengths over time. Tracers were deployed in the river at three separate locations in the Fall of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, with recovery surveys conducted during the summer low-flow season the year after tracer deployment and multiple mobilizing events. Tracers exhibited path length distributions reflective of both morphologic controls and year to year differences related to the annual flow regime. Annual tracer transport was restricted primarily to less than one riffle-pool-bar unit, even during years with a greater number of peak floods and duration of competent flow. Tracer deposition and burial was focused along bar margins, particularly at or downstream of the bar apex, reflecting the downstream migration and lateral bar accretion observed on Digital Elevation Models of difference. This highlights the fundamental importance of bar development and re-working underpinning bedload transport processes in bar-dominated channels

Making land available for woodland creation

In order to support the Forestry Commission in achieving woodland planting targets, the overall aim of this research was to better understand the availability of land in England for afforestation, reflecting the interests and motivation of land owners and occupiers. In particular the research has attempted to identify where (either in a geographical sense and/or in terms of owner 'type') the Forestry Commission might focus its efforts in terms of accessing land for woodland creation

What do children who stutter and their parents expect from therapy and are their hopes aligned?

Currently there are few published reports exploring what it is that children and their parents wish to see change or happen as part of therapy. A process of eliciting hopes or expectations for therapy using Solution Focused Brief Therapy (de Shazer, 1985) is routinely used at the Michael Palin Centre (MPC) with children who stutter and their parents. This qualitative study aimed to explore what children who stutter and their parents expect from therapy and whether their hopes are aligned

Maturation of the gastric microvasculature in Xenopus laevis (Lissamphibia, Anura) occurs at the transition from the herbivorous to the carnivorous lifestyle, predominantly by intussuceptive microvascular growth (IMG): a scanning electron microscope study of microvascular corrosion casts and correlative light microscopy

The microvascular bed of the stomach of Xenopus laevis and the changes it undergoes when the herbivorous tadpole becomes a carnivorous adult were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy of stained tissue sections. In tadpoles an upper and a lower gastric artery supplied, and upper, middle and lower medial and lateral gastric veins drained the vertically extending stomach. During metamorphosis, the stomach gained a horizontal cranio-caudal extension and vessels accordingly become dorsal and ventral gastric arteries, and anterior, middle and posterior gastric veins, respectively. Up to stage 64 (late climax) mucosal capillaries formed a polygonal network of wide immature-looking capillaries ensheathing gastric glands in a basket-like manner. From stage 64 onwards, blood vessels of the stomach appeared mature, revealed a clear hierarchy and were correlated closely with the histomorphology of the stomach, which had also gained the adult pattern. Within the gastric mucosa, ascending arterioles branched in a fountain-like pattern into wide subepithelial capillaries establishing a centripetal blood flow along the gastric glands, which makes an ultrashort control loop of glandular cells within the branched tubular gastric glands very unlikely. Formation of the stomach external muscular layer started at stage 57 when smooth muscle cells locally formed a single longitudinal and one-to-two single circular layers. Abundant signs of intussusceptive microvascular growth and rare vascular sprouts in vascular corrosion casts indicated that the larval-to-adult microvascular pattern formation of the stomach of Xenopus laevis Daudin occurs predominantly by non-sprouting angiogenesis