Micrografting of mature stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) trees

This paper describes an in vitro micrografting method for selected mature Pinus pinea L. trees. Needle fascicles of five selected clones were micrografted onto hypocotyls of two weeks-old germinated isolated embryos. Fascicle meristems outgrowth was recorded after one month of culture and the performance of the clones assayed was evaluated. Clones behave statistically different in establishment and development rates. Overall success of our protocol reached 43% of the graftings made.Micro-greffage de clones sélectionnés de Pinus pinea L. Ce rapport décrit une méthode pour le greffage in vitro de Pinus pinea L. Des brachyblastes de cinq clones ont été greffés sur embryons isolés germés, âgés de deux semaines. Le développement des méristèmes fasciculaires a été quantifié pour chaque clone après un mois. Les pourcentages d’établissement et de développement sont statistiquement différents pour les cinq clones. Le taux de succès du greffage réalisé par notre méthodologie s’élève à 43 %

Improving plantlet yield in <i>Pinus pinaster</i> somatic embryogenesis

<div><p></p><p>Somatic embryogenesis is expected to play a significant role in the future forest tree improvement programmes. The main bottleneck of this technique is still the progression from immature embryogenic cultures to mature cotyledonary embryos able to develop properly into well-growing plants. In this work, we present an improved protocol focused on increasing the maturation and conversion rate of <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait. embryogenic cultures. Results showed that the optimisation of the nutrient composition in the maturation medium increased the number of mature embryos by 25% (187.8 embryos per gram of fresh mass in average compared to 144.5 embryos in regular medium). It was also shown that 12-month cryostorage did not reduce viability or embryogenic ability of maritime pine cultures. A further increase in the yield of the protocol could be obtained by using benzyladenine in the conversion medium, promoting the bud-break of axillary buds that yielded 5.7 shoots in average per somatic embryo. Rooting of axillary shoots reached 84.3%. This methodology offers an alternative to overcome some problems associated with low somatic embryo production since the plantlet yield could be increased fivefolds.</p></div

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Coma Management

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Coma Management. It has been defined as acute alteration of wakefulness state, in which patients have a primitive response (or no response at all) to nociceptive stimulus without waking up and could reach the total absence of all reflex. This document includes a review and update of the main clinical aspects, concepts, aetiology and therapy for this condition. It includes assessment guidelines focused on the most important aspects to be accomplished

Dissecting the pathways coordinating patterning and growth by plant boundary domains.

Boundary domains play important roles during morphogenesis in plants and animals, but how they contribute to patterning and growth coordination in plants is not understood. The CUC genes determine the boundary domains in the aerial part of the plants and, in particular, they have a conserved role in regulating leaf complexity across Angiosperms. Here, we used tooth formation at the Arabidopsis leaf margin controlled by the CUC2 transcription factor to untangle intertwined events during boundary-controlled morphogenesis in plants. Combining conditional restoration of CUC2 function with morphometrics as well as quantification of gene expression and hormone signaling, we first established that tooth morphogenesis involves a patterning phase and a growth phase. These phases can be separated, as patterning requires CUC2 while growth can occur independently of CUC2. Next, we show that CUC2 acts as a trigger to promote growth through the activation of three functional relays. In particular, we show that KLUH acts downstream of CUC2 to modulate auxin response and that expressing KLUH can compensate for deficient CUC2 expression during tooth growth. Together, we reveal a genetic and molecular network that allows coordination of patterning and growth by CUC2-defined boundaries during morphogenesis at the leaf margin

Ordas (02-1291).vp

Summary As part of a study aimed at understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in adventitious shoot bud formation in pine cotyledons, we conducted a transcriptome analysis to identify early-induced genes during the first phases of adventitious caulogenesis in Pinus pinea L. cotyledons cultured in the presence of benzyladenine. A subtractive cDNA library with more than 700 clones was constructed. Of these clones, 393 were sequenced, analyzed and grouped according to their putative function. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to confirm the differential expression of 30 candidate genes. Results are contrasted with available data for other species

GDP-L-fucose is required for boundary definition in plants

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