A Balanced Scorecard Approach to Evaluate Enterprise Resource Planning of Morehead State University

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Milind Patil on November 10, 2008

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance : What comes first ?

Background

1)	Classical explanation :
Classical explanation of diabetic pathophysiology states that obesity induced insulin resistance develops first and is followed by compensatory hyperinsulinnemia. Further insulin resistance leads to prolonged, increased secretary demand on beta cells leading to subsequent secondary beta cell failure, giving rise to hyperglycaemia and diabetes^2^.

2)	 Neurobehavioral origin hypothesis :
The Neurobehavioral origin hypothesis suggests that insulin resistance mediates a shift from muscle dependent (soldier) to brain dependent (diplomat) strategies of making a livelihood. If nutrient limitation affects intrauterine development, brain development is the least affected among all the organs^4,5^. As a result, in IUGR babies muscle weight is poor but the brain is relatively well developed. Such a person is more likely to be a successful diplomat rather than a soldier and insulin resistance is adaptive for such an individual^3^. Since insulin is involved in brain development and cognitive functions, higher levels of insulin are needed. As insulin is having strong anti-lipolytic effect, hyperinsulinnemia is followed by subsequent excess fat accumulation. Also compensatory insulin resistance is needed to avoid hypoglycemia. This hypothesis predicts a reverse order of pathophysiology i.e. primary hyperinsulinnemia followed by compensatory insulin resistance^3^

Objective-
To determine in diabetes whether hyperinsulinnemia develops first or insulin resistance develops first.

Methods :
We searched literature for studies that investigated directly or indirectly the sequence of development of hyperinsulinnemia and insulin resistance in humans and animal models from an early stage. Meta-analysis was conducted on published data.

Results-
1)	In low birth weight neonates in humans as well as in rat models, hyperinsulinnemia is found at very early stage.^6^
2)	Development of insulin resistance is preceded by hyperinsulinnemia in mice, rats as well as in humans.^7, 8^
3)	In normoglycaemic hyperinsulinemia state if insulin production is suppressed insulin sensitivity increases rapidly maintaining the normoglycaemic state.^9,10^
4)	Beta cell expansion beginning in intrauterine life is independent of glucose, Insulin and Insulin receptors.^6^


Conclusion-
All the four lines of evidence indicate that hyperinsulinnemia precedes insulin resistance supporting the predictions of neurobehavioral origin hypothesis over the orthodox view.



References :
1)	DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E (1991). Diabetes Care 14:173-194
2)	Kruszynska YT, Olefsky JM (1996). J Investig Med 44: 413-428.
3)	Watve MG, Yajnik CY (2007). BMC Evolutionary Biology.7: 61-74.
 4) Winick M, Rosso P, Waterlow JC (1970). Exp Neurol, 26:393-400.
 5) Winick M. (1969) J Pediatr,74:667-679.
 6) Chakravarthy MV et.al. (2008) Diabetes, 57:2698-2707.
 7) Ramin A et. al. (1998) J Clin Endo and Met, 83 :1911-1915.
 8) Hansen BC (1990) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 259: 612-617.
 9) Stanley L (1981) Life Sciences, 28: 1829-1840.
 10) Ratzmann KP et. al. (1983) Int J Obes, 7 : 453-458

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Role of cytohormonal study in normal pregnancy and in threatened abortion

Background: It is certain from clinical experience of many that one or more hemorrhages in early pregnancy can still end up in good fetal outcome. So, our study deals with comparison of cytohormonal study in pregnancy and threatened abortion. The study was conducted with the aim of utilizing colpocytogram as a tool in assessing and treating cases of threatened abortion and comparing them with normal pregnant women.Methods: Patients attending antenatal care unit on outdoor basis and labelled as normal pregnancy cases were considered as control group. The patients of threatened abortion were studied when they were admitted in Gynecology department for indoor treatment. Patients were studied taking into consideration their age, parity, number of abortions, complaints (P/V bleeding, pain in abdomen), gestational age, per abdomen and per vaginal findings and also USG findings and vaginal smear pattern.Results: Maximum number of patients was present in the age group of 21-25 years in both the groups. While only 13.33% had normal smear pattern in threatened abortion group. 86.67% patients in threatened abortion group showed abnormal smear pattern. There is statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05). There is statistically significant was found (P<0.01) and indicates good effects of the drug on the vaginal epithelium.Conclusions: The cytohormonal study acts as a simple, reliable, good, noninvasive method for evaluation of hormonal pattern in normal pregnancy and threatened abortion.

Content Modelling for unbiased Information Analysis

Content is the form through which the information is conveyed as per the requirement of user. A volume of content is huge and expected to grow exponentially hence classification of useful data and not useful data is a very tedious task. Interface between content and user is Search engine. Therefore, the contents are designed considering search engine\u27s perspective. Content designed by the organization, utilizes user’s data for promoting their products and services. This is done mostly using inorganic ways utilized to influence the quality measures of a content, this may mislead the information. There is no correct mechanism available to analyse and disseminate the data. The gap between Actual results displayed to the user and results expected by the user can be minimized by introducing the quality check for the parameter to assess the quality of content. This may help to ensure the quality of content and popularity will not be allowed to precede quality of content. Social networking sites will help in doing the user modelling so that the qualitative dissemination of content can be validated

Content Modelling for unbiased Information Analysis

Content is the form through which the information is conveyed as per the requirement of user. A volume of content is huge and expected to grow exponentially hence classification of useful data and not useful data is a very tedious task. Interface between content and user is Search engine. Therefore, the contents are designed considering search engine\u27s perspective. Content designed by the organization, utilizes user’s data for promoting their products and services. This is done mostly using inorganic ways utilized to influence the quality measures of a content, this may mislead the information. There is no correct mechanism available to analyse and disseminate the data. The gap between Actual results displayed to the user and results expected by the user can be minimized by introducing the quality check for the parameter to assess the quality of content. This may help to ensure the quality of content and popularity will not be allowed to precede quality of content. Social networking sites will help in doing the user modelling so that the qualitative dissemination of content can be validated

Ten years’ trend of HIV seroprevalence among Indian pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at tertiary hospital in Dhule, Maharashtra, India

Background: In India, HIV epidemic is in fourth decade and has the heterogeneity. The trend indicated HIV infection spreads from high risk behavior groups to general population. Maternal to foetal HIV transmission rate is found to vary from 20 to 25% in absence of any interventions. Newly infected persons contribute to the total number of persons living with HIV, they will progress to disease and death over the time and are a potential source of further infection. Maternal HIV status directly affects the perinatal transmission and hence the paediatric HIV cases. This transmission of HIV from mother to child can be prevented by appropriate measures. So this study is intended to identify ten years’ trends in HIV seroprevalence among antenatal population at a tertiary hospital in Dhule, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Retrospective study of ICTC evaluation of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at obstetrics and gynaecology department of Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College in Dhule, Maharashtra, India. Blood samples were collected after informed consent and pre-test counseling. The samples were tested for HIV antibodies as per WHO and NACO guidelines. The data of ten years period from January 2004 to December 2013 was evaluated to identify the trends of HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.Results: 309 pregnant women were HIV positive out of 70453 tested from 84608 ANC women during the study period. The overall prevalence for the 10 years was 0.44%. HIV prevalence had reduced from 0.89% in 2004 to 0.17% in 2013. Maximum HIV positive women i.e. 63.2% were 18 to 23 years old, primigravida (53.8%) and from rural area (58.5%). Mother to foetal transmission was noted 10 babies were detected to be HIV positive while 223 were HIV negative. 10 HIV positive mothers decided for MTP, while in 36 neonatal death was noted.Conclusions: Declining HIV seroprevalence rate is noted among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics from 2004 to 2013. The effective implementation of prevention of parent to child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PPTCT) programmed is helping in control of the spread of HIV

A study of the complications among the patients undergoing retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for pyonephrosis

Background: Nowadays laparoscopy have gained wider acceptance in urology that leads to more reports on the potential complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the complications among the patients undergoing retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Methods: Analysis was done retrospectively through review of a maintained database of 219 consecutive laparoscopic simple nephrectomies done for pyonephrosis from July 2001 to February 2013 at the department of urology Civil Hospital and B J Medical College Ahmedabad.Results: Total 219 simple nephrectomies performed between July 2001 to February 2013 for pyonephrosis. In 165 (75.3%) of patient’s procedure was through trans peritoneal route while retroperitoneal access was used in 54(24.6%) patients. In our study there were major complications in 12 patients with laparoscopic transperitoneal group and in 4 patients in laparoscopic retro peritoneal group. The minor complication rate in present study was 13.3% (22/165) in laparoscopic transperitoneal group and 11.1% (6/54) in laparoscopic retroperitoneal group.Conclusions: There were major complications in patients with laparoscopic transperitoneal group and in few patients in laparoscopic retro peritoneal group. In most other series it was seen that retroperitoneoscopic surgery may be associated with more complications, the findings are unfounded. Minor complications can be managed easily if there is low threshold for conversion to open surgery

Survey on Wireless Intelligent Video Surveillance System Using Moving Object Recognition Technology

Video cameras are becoming a ubiquitous feature of modern life, useful for surveillance, crime prevention, and forensic evidence. We cannot solely rely upon human efforts to watch and shift through hundreds and thousands of video frames for crime alerts and forensic analysis. That is a non scalable task. We need a semi automated video analysis and event recognition system that can provide timely warnings to alert security personnel, and that can substantially reduce the search space for forensic analysis tasks. This survey describes the approach of wireless intelligent video surveillance system using moving object recognition technique. Keywords: Wireless, Video surveillance, moving object recognitio

Butea monosperma Silver Nanoparticles Anticancer Activity Against MCF 7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

In this research, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Butea monosperma for in vitro cytotoxicity efficacy against MCF-7 cells. Silver nanoparticles are deemed the most positive, considering their strong volume surface region, and are of concern for study because of the improved microbial tolerance to antibiotics and medicines. Therefore, green synthesis of nanoparticles of silver using biomolecules derived from various plant sources in the form of extracts can be applied for the screening of different diseases which trigger microorganisms and for the physical and biological characterization of plant-derived silver nanoparticles. The experiment involved the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Butea monosperma leaf extract. Biosynthesized Butea monosperma-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intensity of peak broad range 200-800nm in UV-vis spectra, EDS test. The SEM shows the actual size of the nanoparticles. The MTT assays were carried out for cytotoxicity of various concentrations of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed a significant anticancer activity against both MCF-7. Our study thus revealed an excellent application of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles. At the Concentration 80µg/ml, Sample Code A, B, C, D samples showed good percent inhibition MCF7cell line as compared to standard drug.The study also suggested the potential therapeutic use of these nanoparticles in cancer study