25 research outputs found

    Glyphosate Herbicide: Reproductive Outcomes and Multigenerational Effects

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    Glyphosate base herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely applied pesticides in the world and are mainly used in association with GBH-tolerant crop varieties. Indiscriminate and negligent use of GBHs has promoted the emergence of glyphosate resistant weeds, and consequently the rise in the use of these herbicides. Glyphosate, the active ingredient of all GBHs, is combined with other chemicals known as co-formulants that enhance the herbicide action. Nowadays, the safety of glyphosate and its formulations remain to be a controversial issue, as evidence is not conclusive whether the adverse effects are caused by GBH or glyphosate, and little is known about the contribution of co-formulants to the toxicity of herbicides. Currently, alarmingly increased levels of glyphosate have been detected in different environmental matrixes and in foodstuff, becoming an issue of social concern. Some in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that glyphosate and its formulations exhibit estrogen-like properties, and growing evidence has indicated they may disrupt normal endocrine function, with adverse consequences for reproductive health. Moreover, multigenerational effects have been reported and epigenetic mechanisms have been proved to be involved in the alterations induced by the herbicide. In this review, we provide an overview of: i) the routes and levels of human exposure to GBHs, ii) the potential estrogenic effects of glyphosate and GBHs in cell culture and animal models, iii) their long-term effects on female fertility and mechanisms of action, and iv) the consequences on health of successive generations.Fil: Milesi, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Lorenz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Durando, Milena de Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Varayoud, Jorgelina Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin

    Asociación del estilo de vida durante el primer embarazo y el peso del recién nacido

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    El embarazo es una etapa fisiológica crítica tanto para la madre como para el hijo y se sabe que el estilo de vida adoptado por la madre durante el mismo puede afectar el peso del recién nacido (RN)

    Epigenetic disruption of placental genes by chronic maternal cafeteria diet in rats

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    Maternal diet has impact on reproduction, fetal development and offspring behavior, although molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Our aims were to assess (1) the effects of a cafeteria (CAF) diet (western diet habits) on female reproductive performance, fetal and placental parameters on gestational day 21 and litter size and pup weight at birth; and (2) placental messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and epigenetic regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (Igf) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) and their receptors. Female Wistar rats were fed with control or CAF diet from weaning until parturition. At week 14 after diets started, females were mated and half of the animals were euthanized on gestational day 21 to evaluate reproductive parameters including the pregnancy rate, number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and resorption sites. Moreover, fetal weight and length, placental weight, and placental index were recorded. Placentas were collected for mRNA quantification and DNA methylation analysis. The remaining animals were allowed to give birth and the number and weight of the pups were evaluated. CAF diet did not affect reproductive performance or fetal weight and length. However, CAF-fed animals showed a decrease in placental weight and index and the pups exhibited a low birth weight. Additionally, we found an upregulation of Igf2 and a down regulation of Vegf placental mRNA expression in CAF dams, associated with methylation status changes of their promoters. We conclude that female chronic CAF diet consumption impairs feto-placental development and could be explained by an epigenetic disruption of Igf and Vegf systems.Fil: Gastiazoro, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rossetti, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Schumacher, Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Stoker, Cora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Durando, Milena de Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Zierau, Oliver. Technische Universität Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Ramos, Jorge Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Varayoud, Jorgelina Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin

    Estrogenic microenvironment generated by organochlorine residues in adipose mammary tissue modulates biomarker expression in ERα-positive breast carcinomas

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    INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women. Exposure to estrogens throughout a woman's life is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Organochlorine compounds (OCCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, are persistent lipophilic chemicals identified as endocrine disruptors, mainly with estrogenic effects. To test the hypothesis that the amount and quality of organochlorine residues in adipose tissue adjacent to breast carcinoma affect the biological behavior of the tumor, we studied biomarker expression in breast carcinoma and the OCC body burden in patients from an urban area adjacent to Paraná fluvial system, Argentina. METHODS: The studied patients were 55 women who had undergone excision biopsies of a breast lesion diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma. Analysis of OCC residues in breast adipose tissue was conducted by electron-capture gas–liquid chromatography. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and proliferative activity (Ki-67) levels were measured in paraffin-embedded biopsies of breast tumors by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All patients had high levels of organochlorine pesticides in their breast adipose tissue. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene and β-hexachlorocyclohexane. When the whole sample was analyzed, no correlation between ERα or PR expression and OCC levels were found. In the subgroup of ERα-positive breast carcinoma patients, however, there was a positive correlation between PR expression (an estrogen-induced protein) in the neoplastic cells and OCC levels in adipose tissue surrounding the tumor. More significantly, all the ERα-positive breast carcinomas from postmenopausal women exhibited high proliferation when organochlorine levels in the surrounding adipose tissue reached levels higher than 2600 ppb. No associations were found between the organochlorine body burden and any other marker of tumor aggressiveness, such as node involvement or tumor size. CONCLUSION: The present results support the hypothesis that organochlorine residues in adipose tissue adjacent to breast carcinoma generate an estrogenic microenvironment that may influence the biological behavior of the tumor through ERα activation and ERα-dependent proliferation. These findings may have therapeutic implications, since interference between organochlorine compounds and hormonal therapy could be expected to occur

    Vivencias de placer y sufrimiento en el trabajo de chef

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    Objetivo: Caracterizar las vivencias del placer y el sufrimiento en el trabajo en un grupo de chefs de la ciudad de Medellín. Desde la teoría de la psicodinámica del trabajo, se hace alusión a las causas, consecuencias y síntomas del placer y el sufrimiento al igual que las estrategias de defensa ante el sufrimiento. Método: Estudio cualitativo de enfoque descriptivo y corte transversal, basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 6 chefs de la ciudad de Medellín que trabajan o han trabajado en restaurantes gourmet. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos permitieron comprender que los chefs sufren prevalentemente a causa de factores exógenos, como el horario de trabajo, la sobrecarga y presión laboral, las exigencias de los clientes, la baja remuneración. Algunas de las consecuencias de estas causas son la ruptura de la vida laboral y la vida social, la exclusión de los espacios de esparcimiento, que llevan a síntomas psicológicos como el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, desórdenes de sueño. Fue contundente que la creatividad, la trascendencia social del trabajo, el uso de buenos materiales y el reconocimiento son causas de placer. Frente al sufrimiento se encontraron estrategias de defensa por medio de la violencia y la defensa viril. Conclusión: se puede concluir que las vivencias de placer y sufrimiento se estructuran a partir de la creencia que se necesita una curva larga de aprendizaje, soportando una sobrecarga laboral y presión constante, mediada por los horarios de trabajo, que llevan al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, desórdenes alimenticios y de sueño, al igual que la ruptura entre la vida social y laboral. Para sobrellevar el sufrimiento se elucidaron estrategias de defensa como el control por medio de la agresividad y la defensa viril, que dan cuenta de lo real del trabajo. La creatividad y el reconocimiento tienen un papel fundamental como causa de placer y transformación de ciertos tipos de sufrimiento. Finalmente, se hizo evidente que la congruencia entre el contenido de la tarea y la personalidad causa placer, y la incongruencia de esto sufrimiento

    Effects of Endocrine Disruptor Exposure on Mammary Gland Development and Function

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    Los perturbadores endocrinos (PE) son sustancias que alteran las funciones del sistema endocrino provocando efectos adversos en la salud de un organismo intacto o su progenie. Bisfenol A (BPA), es un PE liberado de selladores odontológicos, envases de bebidas y alimentos. En roedores, la exposición prenatal a BPA produjo efectos profundos y duraderos en tejidos hormonodependientes. La exposición a dosis bajas de BPA durante períodos críticos de organogénesis/diferenciación genera cambios histomorfológicos en la glándula mamaria (GM) que modificarían la regulación endocrina y aumentarían la susceptibilidad a un carcinógeno químico. Ratas Wistar preñadas fueron expuestas a BPA (25 o 250 μg/kg/día) o vehículo. Sub-grupos de crías hembras recibieron una dosis subcarcinogénica de NMU en día postnatal (DPN) 50. Se obtuvieron muestras de suero y GM de crías hembras sacrificadas en DPN 30, 50, 110 ó 180. La exposición prenatal a BPA modificó la histoarquitectura de la GM, promovió el desarrollo de lesiones pre-neoplásicas y aumentó la susceptibilidad carcinogénica frente a NMU administrado finalizada la exposición. La exposición prenatal a BPA indujo, en la GM de ratas ciclando, respuesta fibrosa en el estroma asociada con reclutamiento de mastocitos, promovió angiogénesis y repuestas mediadas por REalfa. La exposición prenatal a dosis bajas, ambientalmente relevantes de BPA puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar tumores mamarios. Estos resultados enfatizan la implicancia de adhesión al “Principio de Precaución” respecto a contaminación ambiental con PE y refuerzan conceptos que asocian esta evidencia a la mayor incidencia de tumores hormonodependientes en humanos en las últimas décadas.Humans are routinely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen that leaches from dental materials, food and beverage containers. Prenatal exposure to BPA has produced long-lasting and profound effects on rodent hormone-dependent tissues that are manifested 1–6 months after the end of exposure. To examine if in utero BPA exposure modifies: mammary gland (MG) development and angiogenesis; the expression of steroid receptors and its co-regulators; the susceptibility to the carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to BPA (25 or 250 μg/kg/day) or to vehicle. Female offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day (PND) 30, 50, 110, or 180 and MGs were obtained. On PND 50 a group of rats received NMU (25 mg/kg) and they were sacrificed on either PND 110 or 180. BPA advanced puberty and increased the proliferation/apoptosis ratio in MG on PND 50. At PND 110 and 180, BPA-exposed animals showed an increased number of hyperplastic ducts and augmented stromal nuclear density, which showed signs of desmoplasia with an increased number of mast cells, suggesting a heightened risk of neoplastic transformation. 250 BPA animals showed an increased ERalpha and a decreased SRC-3. BPA-treated animals had lower levels of progesterone at PND 50. The relative vascular area on BPA groups was increased regardless of VEGF expression by the epithelial cells. Prenatal exposure to BPA perturbs MG histoarchitecture, changes the endocrine environment and its angiogenic process. In utero BPA exposure increases the carcinogenic susceptibility to NMU administered after BPA exposure ended.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional del Litora

    Postnatal exposure to endosulfan affects uterine development and fertility

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    Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) used in large-scale agriculture for controlling a variety of insects and mites that attack food and non-food crops. Although endosulfan has been listed in the Stockholm Convention as a persistent organic pollutant to be worldwide banned, it is still in use in some countries. Like other OCPs, endosulfan is bioaccumulative, toxic and persistent in the environment. Human unintentional exposure may occur through air inhalation, dietary, skin contact, as well as, via transplacental route and breast feeding. Due to its lipophilic nature, endosulfan is rapidly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and bioaccumulates in the fatty tissues. Similar to other OCPs, endosulfan has been classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Endocrine action of endosulfan on development and reproductive function of males has been extensively discussed; however, endosulfan effects on the female reproductive tract have received less attention. This review provides an overview of: i) the fate and levels of endosulfan in the environment and human population, ii) the potential estrogenic properties of endosulfan in vitro and in vivo, iii) its effects on uterine development, and iv) the long-term effects on female fertility and uterine functional differentiation during early gestation.Fil: Milesi, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Durando, Milena de Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Lorenz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Gastiazoro, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Varayoud, Jorgelina Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin

    Ovarian dysfunctions in adult female rat offspring born to mothers perinatally exposed to low doses of bisphenol A

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    The study of oral exposure to the environmental estrogen bisphenol A (BPA) during the perinatal periodand its effects on ovarian functionality in adulthood has generated special interest. Thus, our objectivewas to investigate ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in adult female rat offspring born tomothers exposed to low doses of BPA (BPA50: 50 mg/kg day; BPA0.5: 0.5 mg/kg day) by the oral routeduring gestation and breastfeeding. Ovaries from both BPA-treated groups showed reduced primordialfollicle recruitment and a greater number of corpora lutea, indicating an increased number of ovulatedoocytes, coupled with higher levels of mRNA expression of 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and serumprogesterone. BPA50-treated animals had lower expression of androgen receptor (AR) at different stagesof the growing follicle population. BPA0.5-treated rats evidenced an imbalance of AR expression betweenprimordial/primary follicles, with higher mRNA-follicle-stimulating hormone receptor expression. Theseresults add to the growing evidence that folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis are targets of BPA withinthe ovary.Fil: Santamaría, Clarisa Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Durando, Milena de Lourdes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Enrique Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Horacio Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin

    Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A promotes angiogenesis and alters steroid-mediated responses in the mammary glands of cycling rats

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    Prenatal exposure to BPA disturbs mammary gland histoarchitecture and increases thecarcinogenic susceptibility to chemical challenges administered long after BPA exposure.Our aim was to assess the effect of prenatal BPA exposure on mammary glandangiogenesis and steroid hormone pathways in virgin cycling rats. Pregnant Wistar ratswere exposed to either 25 or 250 μg/kg/day (25 and 250 BPA, respectively) or to vehicle.Female offspring were autopsied on postnatal day (PND) 50 or 110. Ovarian steroid serumlevels, the expression of steroid receptors and their co-regulators SRC-3 and SMRT in themammary gland, and angiogenesis were evaluated. At PND 50, all BPA-treated animalshad lower serum levels of progesterone, while estradiol levels remained unchanged. Thehigher dose of BPA increased mammary ERa and decreased SRC-3 expression at PND 50and PND 110. SMRT protein levels were similar among groups at PND 50, whereas atPND 110, animals exposed to 250 BPA showed a lower SMRT expression. Interestingly, inthe control and 25 BPA groups, SMRT increased from PND 50 to PND 110. At PND 50, anincreased vascular area associated with higher VEGF expression was observed in the 250BPA-treated rats. At PND 110, the vascular area was still increased, but VEGF expressionwas similar to that of control rats. The present results demonstrate that prenatal exposure toBPA alters the endocrine environment of the mammary gland and its angiogenic process.Increased angiogenesis and altered steroid hormone signals could explain the higherfrequency of pre-neoplastic lesions found later in life.Fil: Durando, Milena de Lourdes. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiología. Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Tumores Hormonodependientes; ArgentinaFil: Kass, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Perdomo, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bosquiazzo, Veronica Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Enrique Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin
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