Detection and sampling methods for isolation of Candida spp. from oral cavities in diabetics and non-diabetics

The purpose of this study was to detect Candida spp. on the tongue and in the subgingival sites in healthy and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), and to compare the accuracy of sampling methods. This study included 131 patients divided into four groups: healthy control (group A), nondiabetics + CP (Group B), diabetics with good metabolic control + CP (group C) and diabetics with poor glycoregulation + CP (Group D). Cotton swab samples from tongue and subgingival samples were obtained from each patient with help of sterile paper points and a sterile curette. Swab cultures were made on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The number of CFUs was counted. The sampling methods for subgingival plaque were compared by Receiving Operator Curve (ROC). The presence of Candida spp. on the tongue was statistically significant among groups (group D vs. others three groups:.2: p lt 0.005 for each group). Positive findings of subgingival Candida spp. did not differ among the groups. There were no significant differences in the quantification of Candida spp., neither on the tongue, nor in the subgingival samples. 17.2% of diabetic patients revealed the presence of Candida spp. in the subgingival samples, with negative finding on tongue. There was a significant difference in the sampling methods for subgingival plaque (p = 0.000). Candida spp. is more prevalent on the tongue of diabetics. The sampling of subgingival plaque by a sterile curette is more accurate than with paper points. Subgingival plaque may represent a reservoir of commensals. It is necessary to standardize the sampling of subgingival plaque

Primena kompjuterizovane tomografije koničnog oblika x-zračnog snopa u analizi uspeha terapije parodontopatije

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is three-dimensional imaging modality which was used in different area of dentistry. CBCT method was commonly used in the assessment of furcation and intrabony defects. According to the literature, there is a lack of information regarding the precision of CBCT method in in vivo studies. However, there is no clear protocol for the CBCT image analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) is mathematical method which can be used for the assessment of biomechanical behavior of dentoalveolar structure. The impact of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone loss on the biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal tissues is still unknown. Likewise, the biomechanical aspect of regenerative periodontal therapy should be assessed. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical measurements and CBCT findings of alveolar bone level in periodontal patients. Furthermore, diagnosis of furcation involvement (FI) by probing and detection of furcation defect on the CBCT images, was compared. Additionally, the biomechanical aspect of horizontal and vertical periodontal bone loss, and the impact of regenerative periodontal therapy were assessed by means of FEA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis were included in the study. Sixty-six intrabony defects in molar and premolar regions were analyzed. Linear radiographic measurements of alveolar bone level, obtained from preoperative CBCT images with different slice thickness (voxel size, 1mm, 3mm), were compared with clinical measurements obtained during surgical procedure. All CBCT measurements were performed in three sessions by two independent observers. To provide identical reference point for clinical and CBCT measurements, individually prepared grooves on the recording device were prepared for each tooth involved with in the study periodontal defect site. Furthermore, 174 furcation sites of upper and lower molars were analyzed. Furcation defects were analyzed in all three CBCT planes. Obtained clinical and CBCT-based findings were presented using a dichotomous scale (present / absent) and the agreement between these two methods was calculated. Additionally, three patient-specific 3D FE models were developed from the acquired CBCT scans, comprising the patient's upper left canine, first and second premolar, and adjacent alveolar bone...Uvod: Kompjuterizovana tomografija koničnog oblika X-zračnog snopa (CBCT metod) je radiološki metod koji omogućava trodimenzionalno prikazivanje regije od interesa. Mali broj istraživanja se bavio korelacijom kliničkog i CBCT nalaza u in vivo uslovima u cilju ispitivanja infrakoštanih i defekata u regiji furkacija zuba nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje ni jasni protokoli za analizu radioloških slika dobijenih ovim metodom Matematički metod konačnih elemenata je korišćen u različitim oblastima stomatologije u ciju ispitivanja biomehaničkog ponašanja struktura dentoalveolarnog kompleksa. Međutim, u literaturi nisu pronađene studije koje su se bavile ispitivanjem biomehaničkog aspekta različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje podaci o biomehaničkom ponašanju zuba i okolnih parodontalnih tkiva nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitati korelaciju između rezultata radioloških analiza dobijenih CBCT metodom i relevantnih intraoperativnih merenja dubine infrakoštanih defekata dobijenih tokom režanj operacije, kao i da se uporedi prisustvo parodontalnih džepova u predelu furkacija detektovanih sondiranjem u toku kliničkog pregleda sa nalazima statusa alveolarne kosti u regiji furkacije detektovanih na CBCT slikama. Cilj drugog dela istraživanja je bio da se ispita biomehaničko ponašanje zuba, periodoncijuma i okolne alveolarne kosti u slučaju prisustva različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti, kao i biomehaničko ponašanje navedenih struktura nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Materijal i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 21 pacijenta obolelih od hronične generalizovane parodontopatije, a nakon sprovedene kauzalne terapije parodontopatije. Ukupno je analizirano 66 infrakoštanih defekata kod kojih je postojala indikacija za hiruršku terapiju parodontopatije. Na stentovima, individualizovanim za svakog pacijenta posebno, pravljeni su useci za svaki infrakoštani defekt i to u cilju obezbeđivanja istovetnih referentnih tačaka za intaoperativna i radiološka merenja Dva istraživača su nezavisno vršila radiološka merenja na različitim debljinama tomografskih preseka (veličina voksela, 1mm, 3mm) u tri serije..

The use of cone beam computed tomography in the assessment of periodontal therapy outcome

Uvod: Kompjuterizovana tomografija koničnog oblika X-zračnog snopa (CBCT metod) je radiološki metod koji omogućava trodimenzionalno prikazivanje regije od interesa. Mali broj istraživanja se bavio korelacijom kliničkog i CBCT nalaza u in vivo uslovima u cilju ispitivanja infrakoštanih i defekata u regiji furkacija zuba nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje ni jasni protokoli za analizu radioloških slika dobijenih ovim metodom Matematički metod konačnih elemenata je korišćen u različitim oblastima stomatologije u ciju ispitivanja biomehaničkog ponašanja struktura dentoalveolarnog kompleksa. Međutim, u literaturi nisu pronađene studije koje su se bavile ispitivanjem biomehaničkog aspekta različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje podaci o biomehaničkom ponašanju zuba i okolnih parodontalnih tkiva nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitati korelaciju između rezultata radioloških analiza dobijenih CBCT metodom i relevantnih intraoperativnih merenja dubine infrakoštanih defekata dobijenih tokom režanj operacije, kao i da se uporedi prisustvo parodontalnih džepova u predelu furkacija detektovanih sondiranjem u toku kliničkog pregleda sa nalazima statusa alveolarne kosti u regiji furkacije detektovanih na CBCT slikama. Cilj drugog dela istraživanja je bio da se ispita biomehaničko ponašanje zuba, periodoncijuma i okolne alveolarne kosti u slučaju prisustva različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti, kao i biomehaničko ponašanje navedenih struktura nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Materijal i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 21 pacijenta obolelih od hronične generalizovane parodontopatije, a nakon sprovedene kauzalne terapije parodontopatije. Ukupno je analizirano 66 infrakoštanih defekata kod kojih je postojala indikacija za hiruršku terapiju parodontopatije. Na stentovima, individualizovanim za svakog pacijenta posebno, pravljeni su useci za svaki infrakoštani defekt i to u cilju obezbeđivanja istovetnih referentnih tačaka za intaoperativna i radiološka merenja Dva istraživača su nezavisno vršila radiološka merenja na različitim debljinama tomografskih preseka (veličina voksela, 1mm, 3mm) u tri serije...Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is three-dimensional imaging modality which was used in different area of dentistry. CBCT method was commonly used in the assessment of furcation and intrabony defects. According to the literature, there is a lack of information regarding the precision of CBCT method in in vivo studies. However, there is no clear protocol for the CBCT image analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) is mathematical method which can be used for the assessment of biomechanical behavior of dentoalveolar structure. The impact of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone loss on the biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal tissues is still unknown. Likewise, the biomechanical aspect of regenerative periodontal therapy should be assessed. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical measurements and CBCT findings of alveolar bone level in periodontal patients. Furthermore, diagnosis of furcation involvement (FI) by probing and detection of furcation defect on the CBCT images, was compared. Additionally, the biomechanical aspect of horizontal and vertical periodontal bone loss, and the impact of regenerative periodontal therapy were assessed by means of FEA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis were included in the study. Sixty-six intrabony defects in molar and premolar regions were analyzed. Linear radiographic measurements of alveolar bone level, obtained from preoperative CBCT images with different slice thickness (voxel size, 1mm, 3mm), were compared with clinical measurements obtained during surgical procedure. All CBCT measurements were performed in three sessions by two independent observers. To provide identical reference point for clinical and CBCT measurements, individually prepared grooves on the recording device were prepared for each tooth involved with in the study periodontal defect site. Furthermore, 174 furcation sites of upper and lower molars were analyzed. Furcation defects were analyzed in all three CBCT planes. Obtained clinical and CBCT-based findings were presented using a dichotomous scale (present / absent) and the agreement between these two methods was calculated. Additionally, three patient-specific 3D FE models were developed from the acquired CBCT scans, comprising the patient's upper left canine, first and second premolar, and adjacent alveolar bone..

The use of cone beam computed tomography in the assessment of periodontal therapy outcome

Uvod: Kompjuterizovana tomografija koničnog oblika X-zračnog snopa (CBCT metod) je radiološki metod koji omogućava trodimenzionalno prikazivanje regije od interesa. Mali broj istraživanja se bavio korelacijom kliničkog i CBCT nalaza u in vivo uslovima u cilju ispitivanja infrakoštanih i defekata u regiji furkacija zuba nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje ni jasni protokoli za analizu radioloških slika dobijenih ovim metodom Matematički metod konačnih elemenata je korišćen u različitim oblastima stomatologije u ciju ispitivanja biomehaničkog ponašanja struktura dentoalveolarnog kompleksa. Međutim, u literaturi nisu pronađene studije koje su se bavile ispitivanjem biomehaničkog aspekta različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje podaci o biomehaničkom ponašanju zuba i okolnih parodontalnih tkiva nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitati korelaciju između rezultata radioloških analiza dobijenih CBCT metodom i relevantnih intraoperativnih merenja dubine infrakoštanih defekata dobijenih tokom režanj operacije, kao i da se uporedi prisustvo parodontalnih džepova u predelu furkacija detektovanih sondiranjem u toku kliničkog pregleda sa nalazima statusa alveolarne kosti u regiji furkacije detektovanih na CBCT slikama. Cilj drugog dela istraživanja je bio da se ispita biomehaničko ponašanje zuba, periodoncijuma i okolne alveolarne kosti u slučaju prisustva različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti, kao i biomehaničko ponašanje navedenih struktura nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Materijal i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 21 pacijenta obolelih od hronične generalizovane parodontopatije, a nakon sprovedene kauzalne terapije parodontopatije. Ukupno je analizirano 66 infrakoštanih defekata kod kojih je postojala indikacija za hiruršku terapiju parodontopatije. Na stentovima, individualizovanim za svakog pacijenta posebno, pravljeni su useci za svaki infrakoštani defekt i to u cilju obezbeđivanja istovetnih referentnih tačaka za intaoperativna i radiološka merenja Dva istraživača su nezavisno vršila radiološka merenja na različitim debljinama tomografskih preseka (veličina voksela, 1mm, 3mm) u tri serije...Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is three-dimensional imaging modality which was used in different area of dentistry. CBCT method was commonly used in the assessment of furcation and intrabony defects. According to the literature, there is a lack of information regarding the precision of CBCT method in in vivo studies. However, there is no clear protocol for the CBCT image analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) is mathematical method which can be used for the assessment of biomechanical behavior of dentoalveolar structure. The impact of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone loss on the biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal tissues is still unknown. Likewise, the biomechanical aspect of regenerative periodontal therapy should be assessed. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical measurements and CBCT findings of alveolar bone level in periodontal patients. Furthermore, diagnosis of furcation involvement (FI) by probing and detection of furcation defect on the CBCT images, was compared. Additionally, the biomechanical aspect of horizontal and vertical periodontal bone loss, and the impact of regenerative periodontal therapy were assessed by means of FEA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis were included in the study. Sixty-six intrabony defects in molar and premolar regions were analyzed. Linear radiographic measurements of alveolar bone level, obtained from preoperative CBCT images with different slice thickness (voxel size, 1mm, 3mm), were compared with clinical measurements obtained during surgical procedure. All CBCT measurements were performed in three sessions by two independent observers. To provide identical reference point for clinical and CBCT measurements, individually prepared grooves on the recording device were prepared for each tooth involved with in the study periodontal defect site. Furthermore, 174 furcation sites of upper and lower molars were analyzed. Furcation defects were analyzed in all three CBCT planes. Obtained clinical and CBCT-based findings were presented using a dichotomous scale (present / absent) and the agreement between these two methods was calculated. Additionally, three patient-specific 3D FE models were developed from the acquired CBCT scans, comprising the patient's upper left canine, first and second premolar, and adjacent alveolar bone..

The use of cone beam computed tomography in the assessment of periodontal therapy outcome

Uvod: Kompjuterizovana tomografija koničnog oblika X-zračnog snopa (CBCT metod) je radiološki metod koji omogućava trodimenzionalno prikazivanje regije od interesa. Mali broj istraživanja se bavio korelacijom kliničkog i CBCT nalaza u in vivo uslovima u cilju ispitivanja infrakoštanih i defekata u regiji furkacija zuba nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje ni jasni protokoli za analizu radioloških slika dobijenih ovim metodom Matematički metod konačnih elemenata je korišćen u različitim oblastima stomatologije u ciju ispitivanja biomehaničkog ponašanja struktura dentoalveolarnog kompleksa. Međutim, u literaturi nisu pronađene studije koje su se bavile ispitivanjem biomehaničkog aspekta različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti nastalih kao posledica parodontopatije. Takođe, ne postoje podaci o biomehaničkom ponašanju zuba i okolnih parodontalnih tkiva nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Cilj ove studije je bio ispitati korelaciju između rezultata radioloških analiza dobijenih CBCT metodom i relevantnih intraoperativnih merenja dubine infrakoštanih defekata dobijenih tokom režanj operacije, kao i da se uporedi prisustvo parodontalnih džepova u predelu furkacija detektovanih sondiranjem u toku kliničkog pregleda sa nalazima statusa alveolarne kosti u regiji furkacije detektovanih na CBCT slikama. Cilj drugog dela istraživanja je bio da se ispita biomehaničko ponašanje zuba, periodoncijuma i okolne alveolarne kosti u slučaju prisustva različitih tipova resorpcije alveolarne kosti, kao i biomehaničko ponašanje navedenih struktura nakon regenerativne terapije parodontopatije. Materijal i metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno 21 pacijenta obolelih od hronične generalizovane parodontopatije, a nakon sprovedene kauzalne terapije parodontopatije. Ukupno je analizirano 66 infrakoštanih defekata kod kojih je postojala indikacija za hiruršku terapiju parodontopatije. Na stentovima, individualizovanim za svakog pacijenta posebno, pravljeni su useci za svaki infrakoštani defekt i to u cilju obezbeđivanja istovetnih referentnih tačaka za intaoperativna i radiološka merenja Dva istraživača su nezavisno vršila radiološka merenja na različitim debljinama tomografskih preseka (veličina voksela, 1mm, 3mm) u tri serije...Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is three-dimensional imaging modality which was used in different area of dentistry. CBCT method was commonly used in the assessment of furcation and intrabony defects. According to the literature, there is a lack of information regarding the precision of CBCT method in in vivo studies. However, there is no clear protocol for the CBCT image analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) is mathematical method which can be used for the assessment of biomechanical behavior of dentoalveolar structure. The impact of horizontal and vertical alveolar bone loss on the biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal tissues is still unknown. Likewise, the biomechanical aspect of regenerative periodontal therapy should be assessed. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical measurements and CBCT findings of alveolar bone level in periodontal patients. Furthermore, diagnosis of furcation involvement (FI) by probing and detection of furcation defect on the CBCT images, was compared. Additionally, the biomechanical aspect of horizontal and vertical periodontal bone loss, and the impact of regenerative periodontal therapy were assessed by means of FEA. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis were included in the study. Sixty-six intrabony defects in molar and premolar regions were analyzed. Linear radiographic measurements of alveolar bone level, obtained from preoperative CBCT images with different slice thickness (voxel size, 1mm, 3mm), were compared with clinical measurements obtained during surgical procedure. All CBCT measurements were performed in three sessions by two independent observers. To provide identical reference point for clinical and CBCT measurements, individually prepared grooves on the recording device were prepared for each tooth involved with in the study periodontal defect site. Furthermore, 174 furcation sites of upper and lower molars were analyzed. Furcation defects were analyzed in all three CBCT planes. Obtained clinical and CBCT-based findings were presented using a dichotomous scale (present / absent) and the agreement between these two methods was calculated. Additionally, three patient-specific 3D FE models were developed from the acquired CBCT scans, comprising the patient's upper left canine, first and second premolar, and adjacent alveolar bone..

Clinical and CBCT-based diagnosis of furcation involvement in patients with severe periodontitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the use of periodontal probing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in the diagnosis of furcation involvement (FI) in patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis. Method and Materials: Fifteen patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis were included in this study. In total, 174 furcation sites (all in molar teeth) were analyzed. FI was assessed at three sites (buccal, mesiopalatal, and distopalatal) of maxillary molars, and at two sites (buccal and oral) of mandibular molars. FI was assessed both clinically (periodontal probing) and on CBCT images, using a dichotomous scale (present/absent). The agreement between clinical and CBCT-based findings was calculated. Results: FI were more often detected by means of CBCT than by means of clinical examination. Agreement between the evaluation methods was present in 46.9% of cases (63.3% in maxilla, 45.0% in mandible). FI detected clinically was confirmed by means of CBCT in 24% of the evaluated sites. The largest agreement (73.7%) in FI detection was found in the distopalatal maxillary sites between CBCT and clinical probing. The smallest agreement (36.6%) was found in the buccal sites of the mandibular molars, in which 63.3% of FI were detected using CBCT only, but not clinically. Conclusion: The number of FI detected by means of CBCT was larger than by means of periodontal probing. In those cases in which chronic generalized severe periodontitis is clinically diagnosed, and surgical treatment is necessary, CBCT may be suggested as an adjunct tool for FI assessment

Tourists’ Motivation in Wetland Destinations: Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve Case Study (Mura-Drava-Danube Transboundary Biosphere Reserve)

The main objectives of this research were twofold: firstly, to evaluate tourists’ perception of Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve, one of the four significant protected areas within the Serbian part of Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve, and secondly, to identify the motivations behind tourists’ visits to wetlands and their overall satisfaction with the visits. In addition, this study was also focused on the relationships between aforementioned constructs and tourists’ socio-demographic characteristics and visit characteristics. Finally, this study attempts to address the relationships between tourists’ motives for their visit, their image perception and satisfaction. The research findings showed that each of the three remaining factors had significant relationships with Satisfaction and experience. The research was conducted in the form of the survey in the period between May 2020 and April 2022 on the sample of 216 visitors. The research findings showed that each of three remaining factors had significant relationships with Satisfaction and experience. Relationships are also found between identified improvement requirements, Motivation for spending time particularly in wetlands, and perceived biodiversity image. Finally, there are significant relationships between duration of the visit with Satisfaction and experience and Motivation for spending time in nature and future behavior. Practical implications of the research results might be beneficial for managers of wetland destinations, in order to improve the offer in line with tourists’ preferences