Proposta de ação para as escolas do campo : o jovem como agente de desenvolvimento rural sustentável

Orientador :Monografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de ..., Curso de Especialização em ...Inclui referênciasResumo

Adubaçao orgânica e mineral na produção de culturas em rotação sob plantio direto e nas propriedades químicas do solo da região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná

Orientador: Antônio Carlos V. MottaCo-orientadora: Beatriz Monte SerratInclui apendicesDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Ciencias do Solo. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografiaA produção de resíduos em bacias leiteiras propicia a utilização de adubação de esterco associada a rotação de culturas e sistema de plantio direto, na região dos Campos Gerais. Entretanto, em vista à otimização da produtividade agrícola e qualidade ambiental, as dosagens adequadas para este uso devem ser determinadas aliando-se a perda de nutrientes com a produtividade das culturas. Além disso, é de suma importância o acompanhamento da qualidade química do solo a fim de determinar o risco à qualidade ambiental proporcionado pelo uso de elevadas doses de estercos na adubação. Dessa forma, o experimento foi desenvolvido com diferentes doses de adubação de esterco líquido de bovinocultura leiteira (0, 30, 60 e 90 m3.ha-1.ano-1), aliada à adubação mineral (0, 50 e 100%) da recomendação de plantio para as culturas, durante 6 anos (safras 97/98 a 02/03) sob sistema de plantio direto e rotação agrícola (soja/aveia-preta/milho/trigo/feijão/aveia-branca). Não foram observadas respostas de produtividade para as culturas leguminosas (soja e feijão) tanto para adubação orgânica quanto mineral. O milho apresentou resposta apenas na safra 01/02, com aumentos de produtividade entre 13% e 20% para as diferentes doses de adubação orgânica em relação a testemunha. O trigo respondeu à adubação orgânica com aumentos entre 9% e 26% superiores à testemunha. A aveia-preta respondeu apenas à adubação mineral, com produtividade superior em 24% para 100% da recomendação comparado à testemunha. A aveia-branca respondeu tanto a adubação mineral quanto orgânica, com produtividades superiores em 37% na adubação orgânica com 90 m3.ha-1.ano-1, e 31% na mineral com 100% da recomendação, em relação à testemunha. Aumentos de pH e inexistência de Al+++ trocável (até a profundidade de 80 cm), aumentos de V% e deslocamento de Ca++ em profundidade (50 cm), em função da adubação orgânica podem ter sido influenciados através de melhorias da qualidade do solo sob os aspectos de rotação de culturas e incrementos de matéria orgânica através da adição de estercos sob sistema de plantio direto. O Mg++ apresentou deslocamento até a camada de 10 cm influenciado pelos menores teores adicionados ao sistema. O P Mehlich apresentou resposta à adubação orgânica apenas na camada superficial, ao contrário de K Mehlich que apresentou resposta em todas as camadas analisadas, possivelmente em função da maior mobilidade deste elemento em contrapartida com aquele. Entretanto o P resina respondeu à adubação orgânica nas camadas 5-10 e 50-80 cm em função da menor sensibilidade deste extrator ao poder tampão do solo. Os tratamentos de 60 e 90 m3/ha apresentaram maiores valores de carbono em todas as camadas analisadas inferindo que quantidades elevadas de esterco podem promover aumentos de matéria orgânica em profundidade. Entretanto, tal aspecto pode ter sido acompanhado por perdas de íons acompanhantes e de elementos muito móveis no perfil do solo, em função da resposta da condutividade elétrica aos tratamentos de adubação orgânica em todas as camadas analisadasThe Campos Gerais region, located at Parana State - Brazil, concentrates large numbers of dairy farm under free stall management system which generate huge amount of liquid manure that has been using for crop rotation under no tillage system. It is well know that excessive manure application can result in accumulation or increase nutrient loss which may create environment problem and nutrient imbalance. But, application of low residue rate can result in nutrient lack for the crops. To optimize the agricultural productivity and environmental quality in the origin, the residue and chemical fertilizer rate required for the crops should be know, focusing in nutrient balance and crop productive. Soil chemical analyses is an excellent tool in order to monitoring the changes and risks from manure application. However, there is a lack of long term experiment in order to established manure rate for grain crops under subtropical dairy liquid manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 m3 ha-1 year-1) with start fertilization recommended crop grain crops and cover crop (0, 50 and 100% ). The experiment was conducted for 6 years, from 1997 to 2003, using crop rotation (soybean/black-oat/corn/wheat/black-bean/ryegrass), managed under no-tillage. Soil pH, Al, (H+ + Al+++), Ca, Mg, K, P (Mehlich 1 and Resin), electrical conductivity and soil organic carbon were determined on soil samples collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-30, 30-50 and 50-80 cm, after 6 years. Legume crop yields, soybean and black-bean, were no influenced by manure and chemical fertilizer amendment despite of high yield obtained. The combination of high soil fertility and N biological capacity was probably major reason for lack in answer. Also, highest manure and fertilizer rate application resulted in plant lodge, diminishing yield potential for both crops. Manure application increased corn yield in one of tow years evaluated, with increment between 13% and 20% for the different doses of manure in relation to check. Manure application also enhanced crop yield for grain wheat with increases between 9% and 26% superiors to the check. Different from wheat, black-oat was only affected by mineral fertilizer application, with superior productivity in 24% for 100% of the recommendation compared to the check. Manure and chemical fertilizer effect interaction on white-oat yield was observed with superior productivity. In addition to the general increment in the crop yield, manure application ameliorated soil acidity by increasing soil pH and decreasing (H+ + Al+3) and Al+3. Also, manure application had positive effect on V% and exchangeable Ca++ in depth (50 cm). Soil exchangeable Mg++ presented displacement until the layer of 10 cm influenced by the smallest amount added to the system. Soil extractable P Mehlich just presented answer to the manure in the superficial layer, unlike K Mehlich that presented answer in all the analyzed layers, possibly in function of the largest mobilities of this element in compensation with that. However the P resin answered to the manure in the layers 5-10 and 50-80 cm in function of the higher sensibility of this extractor compared to Mehlich. The treatments of 60 and 90 m3 ha-1 years-1 presented larger values of carbon in all the analyzed layers inferring that high amounts of manure can promote improvement of organic matter in depth. However, such aspect have been accompany by losses of accompanying ions and of very mobile elements in the soil profile , in function of the answer of the electric conductivity to the treatments of manure fertilization in all the analyzed layers. In addition, the soil electric conductivity increased in all the analyzed layers due to manure application, suggesting movement of accompanying ions of very mobile elements in the soil profil

Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on multiple sclerosis risk.

ObjectiveWe sought to estimate the causal effect of low serum 25(OH)D on multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility that is not confounded by environmental or lifestyle factors or subject to reverse causality.MethodsWe conducted mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using an instrumental variable (IV) comprising 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels at genome-wide significance. We analyzed the effect of the IV on MS risk and both age at onset and disease severity in 2 separate populations using logistic regression models that controlled for sex, year of birth, smoking, education, genetic ancestry, body mass index at age 18-20 years or in 20s, a weighted genetic risk score for 110 known MS-associated variants, and the presence of one or more HLA-DRB1*15:01 alleles.ResultsFindings from MR analyses using the IV showed increasing levels of 25(OH)D are associated with a decreased risk of MS in both populations. In white, non-Hispanic members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (1,056 MS cases and 9,015 controls), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.79 (p = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-0.99). In members of a Swedish population from the Epidemiological Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis and Genes and Environment in Multiple Sclerosis MS case-control studies (6,335 cases and 5,762 controls), the OR was 0.86 (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). A meta-analysis of the 2 populations gave a combined OR of 0.85 (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94). No association was observed for age at onset or disease severity.ConclusionsThese results provide strong evidence that low serum 25(OH)D concentration is a cause of MS, independent of established risk factors

Characteristics related to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of widespread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ST2 and ST23 lineages in Rio de Janeiro hospitals, Brazil

AbstractStaphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, mostly associated with the use of medical devices in seriously ill or immunocompromised patients. Currently, the characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates from Rio de Janeiro hospitals are unknown. In this study, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) types, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, biofilm formation genes, and multilocus sequence types (MLST) were investigated in 35 MRSE clinical isolates. The collection of isolates was previously well characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into 2 main genotypes (A and B, 22 isolates) and 10 sporadic genotypes (13 isolates). MLST revealed a total of 8 different sequence types (STs), but ST2 and ST23, which were icaAB-positive, represented the majority (71.4%) of MRSE isolates tested. Almost all isolates (91.4%) belonged to clonal complex 2. SCCmec types III and IV were identified among 71.4% of the isolates, while the remaining was nontypeable. The predominant MRSE genotypes were defined as SCCmec type III/ST2 (PFGE type A) and SCCmec type IV/ST23 (PFGE type B) isolates, which were both associated with high antimicrobial resistance and presence of biofilm-related genes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis carrying biofilm formation genes: detection of clinical isolates by multiplex PCR

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most prevalent coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and is a major cause of hospital bacteremia. Based on 18 reference strains and 149 Staphylococcus clinical strains, used in a novel multiplex PCR method, the aim of this study was to identify S. epidermidis with respect to the sequence of three genes: recN, which encodes a recombination/repair protein, mecA (methicillin resistance), and icaAB, which is involved in biofilm formation. Amplicons of 219 bp (S. epidermidis-recN gene), 154 bp (mecA gene), and 546 bp (icaAB genes) were obtained. Reliableresults were achieved for 100% of the evaluated strains, suggesting that this new multiplex-PCR approach could be useful forthe accurate identification of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis with the potential to produce biofilm. [Int Microbiol 2011;14(1):13-17

Causal Effect of Genetic Variants Associated With Body Mass Index on Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Recent studies indicate that childhood and adolescent obesity double the risk of MS, but this association may reflect unmeasured confounders rather than causal effects of obesity. We used separate-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on susceptibility to MS. Using data from non-Hispanic white members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan of Northern California (KPNC) (2006-2014; 1,104 cases of MS and 10,536 controls) and a replication data set from Sweden (the Epidemiological Investigation of MS (EIMS) and the Genes and Environment in MS (GEMS) studies, 2005-2013; 5,133 MS cases and 4,718 controls), we constructed a weighted genetic risk score using 97 variants previously established to predict BMI. Results were adjusted for birth year, sex, education, smoking status, ancestry, and genetic predictors of MS. Estimates in KPNC and Swedish data sets suggested that higher genetically induced BMI predicted greater susceptibility to MS (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.22 for the KPNC sample; odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.15 for the Swedish sample). Although the mechanism remains unclear, to our knowledge, these findings support a causal effect of increased BMI on susceptibility to MS for the first time, and they suggest a role for inflammatory pathways that characterize both obesity and the MS disease process.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation Ellison Medical Foundation AFA Foundation Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Swedish Brain Foundation Margareta af Ugglas Foundation European Union Seventh Framework Programme NEURINOX Swedish Medical Research Council Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare Biogen Inc Merck Serono Teva Neuroscience Sanofi Novartis Bayer Schering Pharma Swedish Research Council Swedish Childhood Diabetes Foundation Neurologiskt Handikappades Riksforbund Foundation Genzyme Merck Bioge

Dentin resistence to acids promoted by the glass ionomer cements

Introdução: as principais características dos CIVs são: liberação de flúor, biocompatibilidade, adesividade aos tecidos dentais duros e expansão térmica linear próxima à dentina.Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade dos cimentos de ionômero de vidro de promover à dentina maior resistência frente aos ácidos e microrganismos presentes na cavidade oral, discutindo a suposta bioatividade desse material relacionada ao substrato dentinário em diversas situações. Revisão de literatura: são inúmeras as opções e possibilidades de indicação dos CIVs, porém, a situação clínica deve ser avaliada com critério para escolher o material mais viável e aquele que ofereça o maior número de vantagens. Conclusões: os CIVs apresentam adesividade a estrutura dental, proporcionam vedamento marginal, reduzem a microinfiltração e/ou a passagem de nutrientes para os microorganismos que porventura possam estar presentes na cavidade. Devido à liberação de fluoretos, os CIVs apresentam potencial remineralizador ou paralisador mesmo em dentina cariada.Introduction: the main characteristics of GICs are: fluoride release, biocompatibility, adhesion to dental hard tissues and linear thermal expansion similar the dentin. Aim: this literature review, based on the work currently available, evaluated the ability of glass ionomer cements to promote greater dentin resistance against acids and microorganisms presents in the oral cavity, discussing the supposed bioactivity of this material related to dentinary substrate in various situations. Literature review: there are countless options and possibilities for indication of GICs, however, the clinical situation must be evaluated on the criteria for selecting the material most viable and one that offers the greatest number of advantages. Conclusion: it was concluded that the GICs exhibit adhesion to tooth structure, providing marginal sealing, reduce microleakage and / or the passage of nutrients to the microorganisms who may be present in the cavity. Due to the release of fluoride, GICs have potential remineralizing paralyzing or even in carious dentin