The function of μὲν...πλήν in Euripides, Bacchae, 1039-40

This article examines the use of μὲν...πλήν in Euripides’ Bacchae 1039-40, a structure which cannot be found frequently at least in the 5th century tragedy, focusing upon both its grammatical and contextual aspects. The keyword, πλήν, preceded by μέν, substitutes for more common δέ and marks a strong contrast between two clauses which it connects. As a conjunction, πλήν is capable of carrying exception or adversative sense and being followed by a subordinate or coordinate clause. Through examining parallel cases from tragedy and comedy it becomes clear that πλήν in our sentence is an adversative conjunction, a usage which in later years occurs much more prevalently. Once grammatical function of our πλήν has been made clear, its contextual effect should be analysed. What follows from detailed consideration is the intention of the second messenger who utters the lines in question, namely, on which of two clauses he is trying to put the accent. By way of looking at the background and context of his remark, a conclusion that he intends to put greater emphasis on the πλήν clause than the μέν so as to unfold his belief in Greek conventional values could be drawn

Rupture and Rhythm: A Phenomenology of National Experiences

This article investigates how people make sense of ruptures in the flow of everyday life as they enter new experiential domains. Shifts in being-in-time create breaks in the natural attitude that offer the opportunity to register national—or, for example, religious, gender, or class—experiences. People interpret ruptures in perception and proprioception by drawing connections with domains in which similar or contrasting kinds of disruption are evident. Normalizing the transition, rhythm—as both cadence and overall flow—helps people adjust to new circumstances, align action, and smooth subsequent ruptures. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork, I examine the specific case of how novice and experienced tea ceremony practitioners in Japan move into, interpret, and normalize action within tea spaces

Multiple-System Atrophy in Long-Term Professional Painter: A Case Report

Introduction. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and severe adult-onset, sporadic, and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we describe an autopsy case of MSA in a long-term professional painter. Although typical glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) was not observed in a routine histological examination, strong α-synuclein immunostaining in the nucleus confirmed the diagnosis of MSA. Case Presentation. A 48-year-old Japanese man with a long occupational history of professional painter was sent to the emergency room, where he died of multiple organ failure. The patient had suffered tremors and inarticulateness at age 28, developed diabetes at 42 and was diagnosed with spinocerebellar degeneration at 46. A histopathological examination showed severe neuronal loss, gliosis, and tissue rarefaction in the paleostriatum, striate body of the substantia nigra, the pons, and the olivary nucleus of the upper medulla oblongata, intermediolateral of the spinal gray matter (sacral region). α-synuclein-positive GCI in oligodendroglia was occurred in the cerebral cortex, the midbrain, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord. These findings confirmed the presence of multiple-system atrophy (OPCA+SDS). Conclusion. Although the pathogenesis of MSA is still unclear, prolonged, and extensive exposure to organic solvents, together with a hyperglycemic morbidity attributed to diabetes, may have contributed to the onset and clinical course of the present case

Allelic diversities of MLTSA with 3 regions and MVLST with 6 regions.

<p>Allelic diversities of MLTSA with 3 regions and MVLST with 6 regions.</p

Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Clinical <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolates

<div><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> causes foodborne illnesses through consumption of ready-to-eat foods. Although 135-201annual listeriosis cases have been estimated in Japan, the details regarding the clinical isolates such as infection source, virulence level, and other genetic characteristics, are not known. In order to uncover the trends of listeriosis in Japan and use the knowledge for prevention measures to be taken, the genetic characteristics of the past human clinical isolates needs to be elucidated. For this purpose, multilocus tandem-repeat sequence analysis (MLTSA) and multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) were used in this study. The clinical isolates showed a variety of genetically distant genotypes, indicating they were from sporadic cases. However, the MVLST profiles of 7 clinical isolates were identical to those of epidemic clone (EC) I isolates, which have caused several serious outbreaks in other countries, suggesting the possibility that they have strong virulence potential and originated from a single outbreak. Moreover, 6 Japanese food isolates shared their genotypes with ECI isolates, indicating that there may be risks for listeriosis outbreak in Japan. This is the first investigational study on genetic characteristics of Japanese listeriosis isolates. The listeriosis cases happened in the past are presumably sporadic, but it is still possible that some isolates with strong virulence potential have caused listeriosis outbreaks, and future listeriosis risks also exist.</p></div

A dendrogram based on MLTSA and MVLST.

<p>The dendrogram is based on nucleotide sequences in 3 multilocus tandem-repeat sequence analysis (MLTSA) regions (regions 1, 2, and 3) and 6 multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) regions. Epidemic clone groupings are shown to the right of the isolates. JF: Japanese food isolate, JC: Japanese clinical isolate.</p

Characteristics of <i>L. innocua</i> isolates used for development of the MLVA method.

<p>Characteristics of <i>L. innocua</i> isolates used for development of the MLVA method.</p

The result of MLVA analysis for 60 <i>L. innocua</i> isolated from food processing plant.

<p>The result of MLVA analysis for 60 <i>L. innocua</i> isolated from food processing plant.</p