Amplitude analysis of resonant production in three pions

We present some results on the analysis of three pion resonances. The analyses are motivated by the recent release of the largest data set on diffractively produced three pions by the COMPASS collaboration. We construct reaction amplitudes that satisfy fundamental $S$-matrix principles, which allows the use of models that have physical constraints to be used in fitting data. The models are motivated by the isobar model that satisfy unitarity constraints. The model consist of a Deck production amplitude with which final state interactions are constrained by unitarity. We employ the isobar model where two of the pions form a quasi-stable particle. The analysis is performed in the high-energy, single Regge limit. We specifically discuss the examples of the three pion $J^{PC}=2^{-+}$ resonance in the $\rho\pi$ and $f_2\pi$ channels.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings of the "14th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction" (MESON2016), Krak\'ow, Poland, June 02-07, 201

Three-pion dynamics at COMPASS: resonances, rescattering and non-resonant processes

This thesis presents studies of the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime by analyzing the properties of hadronic resonances. The basis for this research is the world's largest dataset on diffractive reactions, especially the $pi^-,ptopi^-pi^+pi^-,p$ channel with about ,$M events, measured with a high-energy pion beam by the COMPASS experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The three-pion final state couples to a variety of light isovector resonances, many of which are still poorly understood. Among these are a ground axial-vector state$a_1(1260)$, and the spin-exotic$pi_1(1600)$that is a prime candidate for the lightest hybrid meson with explicit gluonic degrees of freedom. Recently, a new resonance-like signal with axial-vector quantum numbers was reported by COMPASS at a mass of 20,$MeV and called $a_1(1420)$. This state, if confirmed, is to be regarded as a candidate for a light tetraquark or molecular state because of its proximity to the $a_1(1260)$ ground state. % among other peculiarities. In order to disentangle the different spin-parity contributions to a given final state, a partial-wave analysis (PWA) of the data in small bins of the pi$invariant mass and of the momentum transfer squared$t$is performed. The results of this analysis are spin-density matrix elements, whose mass and$t$-dependences are subjected to phenomenological analysis to extract resonance parameters. We introduce the PWA technique and discuss several methods to obtain the resonance parameters. Instead of the traditional approach of coherently adding Breit-Wigner amplitudes, which violate the fundamental principle of unitarity, we study models that incorporate the unitarity constraints by construction and enable us to minimize systematic uncertainties of the pole positions of resonances. Other effects which are traditionally ignored in the analyses are final-state interactions of the hadrons produced in the reaction. Due to the high energy of the beam particle, these effects are usually considered negligible. We show, however, that they do become important given the large datasets available. A distinct feature of the three-hadron final state that is not present in two-hadron final states is cross-channel rescattering. We find that a peculiar rescattering from$K^*bar{K} to f_0pi$in a triangle loop produces a resonance-like signal with exactly the mass and width of the new$a_1(1420)$. We calculate the amplitude for this and other rescattering processes using different techniques and demonstrate that the final-state-interaction hypothesis is consistent with the COMPASS observations. A simple approach applied to the data is matched to the unitarity-based dispersive framework, known as the Khuri-Treiman model, which gives access to the ``higher orders'' of the rescattering corrections beyond the triangle graph. In diffractive reactions, an additional complication arises from a coherent physical background due to non-resonant production of the pi$ system, the main part of which is the so-called Deck effect. We reveal its features using the COMPASS data and compare several theoretical models to describe it. This background accounts for a large fraction of the intensity in several important waves and has been one of the reasons for the poor knowledge of the $a_1(1260)$ from diffractive reactions. In order to obtain an independent extraction of $a_1$ pole parameters, we study the hadronic decays of $tau$-leptons from $e^+e^-$ collisions, $tau to pi^-pi^+ pi^-, nu_tau$, using data of the ALEPH experiment. In this case, the pi$-interaction is dominated by the$a_1(1260)$. Applying our unitarity approach we construct a$K$-matrix-based model and successfully extract the pole position of the$a_1(1260)$for the first time. Finally, using the S-matrix unitarity constraints for the system of three particles we derive a unified framework which combines the resonance physics (the short-range interaction) and the rescattering phenomena (the long-range exchanges). A factorization inspired by the Khuri-Treiman approach leads to a simplification of the three-body unitarity constraints and permits us to build a$K$-matrix-like model for the resonance physics with the rescattering terms entering the self-energy function

The determination of the spin and parity of a vector-vector system

We present a construction of the reaction amplitude for the inclusive production of a resonance decaying to a pair of identical vector particles such as $J/\psi J/\psi$, $\rho\rho$, $\phi\phi$, or $ZZ$. The method provides the possibility of determining the spin and parity of a resonance in a model-independent way. A test of the methodology is demonstrated using the Standard Model decay of the Higgs boson to four leptons.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages