8 research outputs found

    Impact of Stem Cell Genes in Gastric Cancer

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    Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of global cancer mortality. It has been shown that gastric cancer may originate from adult gastric stem cells and that it contains a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell characteristics, which are linked to Helicobacter pylori infection, therapy resistance and metastasis. Thus, the identification of transcription factors and related signal transduction pathways that regulate stem cell maintenance and lineage allocation is attractive from a clinical standpoint in that it may provide targets for novel cell- or drug-based therapies. This chapter summarizes the role of several important stem cell factors in gastric cancer biology

    Nuevas estrategias terap茅uticas en la Distrofia Miot贸nica tipo 1 basadas en los mecanismos moleculares del envejecimiento y del c谩ncer

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    Cap铆tulos 3 y 5 confidenciales pendientes de su publicaci贸n en una revista. Tesis completa 381 p.-- Tesis censurada 311 p.La Distrofia Miot贸nica 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad neuromuscular degenerativa multisist茅mica caracterizada por la expansi贸n del trinucle贸tido CTG en el gen DMPK. Desde un punto de vista cl铆nico gran parte de los rasgos caracter铆sticos de esta enfermedad se asocian a un proceso de envejecimiento prematuro. El objetivo de esta tesis es investigar los procesos del envejecimiento y del riesgo a desarrollar c谩ncer en los pacientes con DM1. En esta tesis aportamos datos experimentales robustos que avalan que los pacientes con DM1 poseen alteraciones en varios procesos clave del envejecimiento fisiol贸gico y que dichas alteraciones se pueden revertir mediante distintas aproximaciones antienvejecimiento, constituyendo 茅stas una nueva aproximaci贸n terap茅utica para los pacientes con DM1. En este sentido encontramos alteraciones en la regulaci贸n de la proliferaci贸n celular, un mayor da帽o en el ADN, una senescencia prematura, una alteraci贸n del metabolismo y la din谩mica mitocondrial, junto con un mayor acortamiento telom茅rico. Adem谩s, describimos un mayor riesgo a desarrollar tumores malignos en dichos pacientes. El tratamiento con compuestos antienvejecimiento como la metformina y los compuestos senol铆ticos, junto con una nueva familia de compuestos, rescatan parte de los procesos anteriormente alterados tanto en modelos in vitro como in vivo de la enfermedad

    Nuevas estrategias terap茅uticas en la Distrofia Miot贸nica tipo 1 basadas en los mecanismos moleculares del envejecimiento y del c谩ncer

    No full text
    Cap铆tulos 3 y 5 confidenciales pendientes de su publicaci贸n en una revista. Tesis completa 381 p.-- Tesis censurada 311 p.La Distrofia Miot贸nica 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad neuromuscular degenerativa multisist茅mica caracterizada por la expansi贸n del trinucle贸tido CTG en el gen DMPK. Desde un punto de vista cl铆nico gran parte de los rasgos caracter铆sticos de esta enfermedad se asocian a un proceso de envejecimiento prematuro. El objetivo de esta tesis es investigar los procesos del envejecimiento y del riesgo a desarrollar c谩ncer en los pacientes con DM1. En esta tesis aportamos datos experimentales robustos que avalan que los pacientes con DM1 poseen alteraciones en varios procesos clave del envejecimiento fisiol贸gico y que dichas alteraciones se pueden revertir mediante distintas aproximaciones antienvejecimiento, constituyendo 茅stas una nueva aproximaci贸n terap茅utica para los pacientes con DM1. En este sentido encontramos alteraciones en la regulaci贸n de la proliferaci贸n celular, un mayor da帽o en el ADN, una senescencia prematura, una alteraci贸n del metabolismo y la din谩mica mitocondrial, junto con un mayor acortamiento telom茅rico. Adem谩s, describimos un mayor riesgo a desarrollar tumores malignos en dichos pacientes. El tratamiento con compuestos antienvejecimiento como la metformina y los compuestos senol铆ticos, junto con una nueva familia de compuestos, rescatan parte de los procesos anteriormente alterados tanto en modelos in vitro como in vivo de la enfermedad

    Muscle wasting in myotonic dystrophies: a model of premature aging

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    Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1 or Steinert's disease) and type 2 (DM2) are multisystem disorders of genetic origin. Progressive muscular weakness, atrophy and myotonia are the most prominent neuromuscular features of these diseases, while other clinical manifestations such as cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance and cataracts are also common. From a clinical perspective, most DM symptoms are interpreted as a result of an accelerated aging (cataracts, muscular weakness and atrophy, cognitive decline, metabolic dysfunction, etc.), including an increased risk of developing tumors. From this point of view, DM1 could be described as a progeroid syndrome since a notable age dependent dysfunction of all systems occurs. The underlying molecular disorder in DM1 consists of the existence of a pathological (CTG) triplet expansion in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the Dystrophia ll/Iyotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene, whereas (CCTG)n repeats in the first intron of the Cellular Nucleic acid Binding Protein/Zinc Finger Protein 9 (CNBP/ZNF9) gene cause DM2. The expansions are transcribed into (CUG)n and (CCUG)n-containing RNA, respectively, which form secondary structures and sequester RNA binding proteins, such as the splicing factor muscleblind-like protein (MBNL), forming nuclear aggregates known as foci. Other splicing factors, such as CUGBP, are also disrupted, leading to a spliceopathy of a large number of downstream genes linked to the clinical features of these diseases. Skeletal muscle regeneration relies on muscle progenitor cells, known as satellite cells, which are activated after muscle damage, and which proliferate and differentiate to muscle cells, thus regenerating the damaged tissue. Satellite cell dysfunction seems to be a common feature of both age-dependent muscle degeneration (sarcopenia) and muscle wasting in DM and other muscle degenerative diseases. This review aims to describe the cellular, molecular and macrostructural processes involved in the muscular degeneration seen in DM patients, highlighting the similarities found with muscle aging.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health (PIS PS 09-00660 and PI147436), Ilundain Foundation, and Isabel Gemio Foundation. MAJ is supported by the Basque Government's program of predoctoral fellowships

    Leukocyte telomere length in patients with myotonic dystrophy type I: a pilot study

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    Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease of which clinical manifestations resemble premature aging. We evaluated the contribution of telomere length in pathogenesis in 361 DM1 patients (12 with serial measurements) and 223 unaffected relative controls using qPCR assay. While no differences in baseline leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL) was noted, the data suggested an accelerated RTL attrition in DM1 (discovery cohort: T/S change/year = -0.013 in DM1 vs. -0.005 in controls, P = 0.04); similar trend was noted in validation cohort. Further investigations are needed to examine the role of TL in the pathophysiology of DM1.The study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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