UNKNOWN SERVER NAME INDICATION (SNI) PROCESSING

Current methods of server name indication (SNI) detection rely on manual traffic analysis to determine which SNIs should be added to a list of SNIs in Application Detection and Control (ADC) peer-to-peer (P2P) modules, which may lead to errors when determining which traffic should be shaped for optimization. Techniques described herein provide for a robust and quantifiable method of determining which SNI traffic flows should be shaped or optimized in a Service Provider’s mobile packet core. Techniques discussed herein reduce the time to identify flows requiring actions and make the process of identifying the flows more quantifiable with live unknown traffic monitoring

Is the Banker a Myth?

Abstract: The actions of the anonymous banker in the high stake television gambling programme Deal or No Deal is examined. If a model can successfully predict his behaviour it might suggest that an automatic process is employed to reach his decisions. Potential strategies associated with a number of games are investigated and a model developed for the offers the anonymous banker makes to buy out the player. This approach is developed into a selection strategy of the optimum stage at which a player should accept the money offered. This is reduced to a simple table, by knowing their current position players can rapidly arrive at an appropriate decision strategy with associated probabilities. These probabilities give a guide as to the confidence to be placed in the choice adopted

The Influence Of Conifers And Abiotic Factors On Big Sagebrush Cover

Expansion of conifers into sagebrush is a concern since it reduces sagebrush cover for wildlife. The objective of this study was to model the relationship between the cover of Douglas-fir (Pseudosuga menziesii) and Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), and the cover of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate spp. Wyomingensis) and mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate spp. Vaseyana). Two hundred forty 30x30 m plots were established at three locations in southwest Montana in 2009 to establish this relationship. The best-fit model using AIC criteria found (sagebrush cover=Intercepti??0.401conifercover ; R2 = 0.61)a negative relationship between conifer cover and sagebrush cover. No abiotic factors (elevation, slope, aspect, soil depth, soil texture and percent rock) significantly influenced sagebrush cover. Douglas-fir trees were found to have three-times the canopy area of similar aged Rocky Mountain juniper trees. Conifer removal to increase sagebrush cover is not recommended, since the increase in sagebrush cover is small. If conifer control is deemed necessary, Douglas-fir should be removed before Rocky Mountain juniper, and begin at low levels of conifer cover

IL-10 and TGF-β Increase Connexin-43 Expression and Membrane Potential of HL-1 Cardiomyocytes Coupled with RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Cardiac resident macrophages facilitate electrical conduction by interacting with cardiomyocytes via connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels. Cx43 is critical for impulse propagation and coordination between muscle contractions. Cardiomyocyte electrophysiology can be altered when coupled with noncardiomyocyte cell types such as M2c tissue-resident macrophages. Using cocultures of murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, we examined the hypothesis that cytokine signals, TGF-β1 and IL-10, upregulate Cx43 expression at points of contact between the two cell types. These cytokine signals maintain the macrophages in an M2c anti-inflammatory phenotype, mimicking cardiac resident macrophages. The electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes was examined using di-8-ANEPPS potentiometric dye, which reflects a change in membrane potential. Greater fluorescence intensity of di-8-ANEPPS occurred in areas where macrophages interacted with cardiomyocytes. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) peptide mimetic downregulated fluorescence of this membrane potentiometric stain. Cx43 expression in cocultures was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Confocal images of these interactions demonstrate the Cx43 hemichannel linkages between the cardiomyocytes and macrophages. These results suggest that TGF-β1 and IL-10 upregulate Cx43 hemichannels, thus enhancing macrophage–cardiomyocyte coupling, raising the cellular resting membrane potential and leading to a more excitatory cardiomyocyte

Burials and builders of Stonehenge: social identities in Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic Britain

The identity of the people who built Stonehenge has long been a mystery. Fifty years ago, archaeologists speculated that it was built by Mediterranean or Egyptian architects directing local barbarians. The results of current research indicate that the influences behind its architecture can all be traced to pre-existing British traditions of monument building in Wales and Wessex.Preliminary results of osteological research are demonstrating that, of the estimated 150 people buried at Stonehenge, the 64  that have been excavated were drawn from a restricted section of society. Whereas two of them were adult women and two or three were children, the remainder may have been adult males.The few grave goods found with these cremation burials suggest that these may have been individuals with political and religious authority. They were buried at Stonehenge in the period 3000–2300 cal BC and may have formed one or more dynasties of rulers.Stonehenge’s first stage of construction (3000–2920 cal BC) was at a time of growing unity in material culture across Britain, in terms of ceramic style, henge monuments and house forms. Its construction may have been designed to unify different regions of Britain, specifically the sarsen stone region of Wessex with the bluestone region of Wales.Stonehenge’s second stage of construction (2620–2480 cal BC),when the monument largely took the form that it has today, was associated with a large village at nearby Durrington Walls which was later monumentalized as a henge. Inspiration for Stonehenge’s stone architecture – shaped stones, lintels and mortice-and-tenon jointing – can be found in the indigenous timber architecture of Britain. Specifically, its form derives from the timber circles of Wessex and elsewhere in Britain, while the horseshoe arrangement of the trilithons derives from the D-shaped plans of timber public buildings excavated in Wales as well as at Durrington Walls and Stonehenge. In conclusion, Stonehenge can be understood as a monumental representation in stone of building styles normally built in timber – a meeting house for the ancestors

Activist experiences of solidarity work

In the runup to Mayday 2014 the special issue editors invited activists to comment on a range of questions about their experience of solidarity work and its practical challenges. We’ve edited the responses together into a single piece which we hope will provoke reflection