Role of transcranial brain parenchyma sonography and diffusion tensor imaging in detection of structural laesions of the brainstem raphe in patients with parkinson%s disease and depression

Studije sa transkranijalnom parenhimskom sonografijom (TCS) su pokazale postojanje smanjene ehogenosti ili izostanaka ultrazvučnog signala rafe (BR) u unipolarnoj depresiji i depresiji udruženoj sa Parkinsonovom bolešću (PB) ali i u depresiji u drugim neurodegenerativnim bolestima (Wilsonovoj, Hantingtonovoj, distoniji, ataksiji). Studije sa magnetskom rezonancom i histološke studije podržale su hipotezu o strukturnim promenama BR u depresiji udruženoj sa PB. Cilj ovog rada je bio poređenje specifičnih markera (difuzionog koeficijenta-MD i frakcionalne anizotropije-FA) difuzione tenzor magnetske rezonance (DTI) u predelu BR i različitih regiona sive i bele moždane mase kod pacijenata sa PB sa i bez depresije. Takođe, primenjena je DTI traktografija radi detekcije strukturnih lezija snopova bele moždane mase koji su uključeni u patogenezu depresije u PB. Metodologija U studiju su uključena 33 pacijenta sa PB i depresijom (PB+ D+), 32 PB pacijenta bez depresije (PB+ D-) and 34 zdrava ispitanika (PB- D-). Ispitanici u sve tri grupe su bili upareni po polu, starosti, Hoehn & Yahr stadiju PB, trajanju bolesti i UPDRS skoru. Ehogenost BR i struktura bazalnih ganglija je procenjivana primenom TCS. MD i FA vrednosti su kalkulisane primenom Statistical Parametric Mapping SPM5 softvera u 3 regiona od interesa (ROI) u predelu BR pri čemu ROI A predstavlja celokupnu strukturu BR, ROI B ventralni, a ROI C dorzalni segment BR. Više parenhimskih ROI pozicfionirano je primenom MriCron softvera u različitim regionima sive i bele moždane mase. Primenom metode DTI probabilističke traktografije ispitivane su, merenjem MD i FA vrednosti, strukturne lezije puteva bele moždane mase...Transcranial sonography (TCS) studies showed decreased echogenicity of the brainstem raphe (BR) in unipolar depression and in depression associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Magnetic resonance imaging and histological studies supported the hypothesis of a structural disruption of the BR in depression in PD. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA) values and mean diffusivity (MD) obtained with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) of the BR in depressed and non-depressed PD patients, in comparison to TCS findings, to investigate alterations of the BR. DTI tractography was performed to detect which brain regions and white matter fiber tracts are involved in the pathogenesis of depression in PD. Methodology 33 PD patients with depression (PD+ D+), 32 PD patients without depression (PD+ D-) and 34 healthy individuals (PD- D-) were included. PD patients of both groups were matched for Hoehn & Yahr stage, age, duration of disease and UPDRS score. Echogenicity of BR was rated using TCS. MD and FA values were calculated using SPM5 software, in 3 regions of interest (ROI): ROI A encompassed the whole BR, ROI B the ventral, and ROI C the dorsal part of the BR. Different ROI were placed in various brain regions as well as white matter fiber tracts..

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION BETWEEN FISHING WOBBLER AND WATER

This paper deals with modeling, discretization, and numerical analysis of the two-way fluid-structure interaction between a fishing wobbler and a water stream. The structural domain is an assembly of several bodies that have multiple mutual structure-to-structure interactions. These interactions are mostly nonlinear contacts that significantly influence the time step used in simulations. As a result of these nonlinearities, the numerical solving of such a model requires significant computer resources and a long computational time. The paper also presents the creation and numerical simplifications of the model. However, the model remains very realistic. It is concluded that solving the structural domain in a model that retains the interaction between solid bodies is more computationally sensitive and more demanding than solving the fluid domain

The effect of plant growth regulators on centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) seeds germination

Centaury seeds are light-requiring. Long-term red light irradiation caused more than 80% of seeds to germinate. Seeds did not germinate in darkness. Gibberellic acid and GA7 can replace light, but N-substituted phtalimide AC 94,377 was ineffective. Light-induced germination was inhibited by abscisic acid and growth retardants such as ancymidol, tetcyclacis, and paclobutrazole. Growth retardant-caused inhibition can be overcome by the addition of gibberellic acid.Klijanje semena kičice je zavisno od svetlosti. Dugotrajno osvetljavanje crvenom svetlošću dovodi do klijanja preko 80% semena. Semena ne klijaju u mraku. Giberelna kiselina i GA7 zamenjuju potrebu za svetlošću dok je N substituisani ftalimid AC 94,377 neefikasan. Klijanje indukovano svetlošću inhibiraju abscisinska kiselina i retardanti rastenja kao što su tetciklacis ancimidol i paklo-butrazol. Inhibicija klijanja izazvana retandantima može da se prevaziđe dodavanjem giberelina.Projekat ministarstva br. 169

A novel carbon paste electrode modified by NP-Y2O3 doped with the g-C3N4 for sensitive electrochemical detection of herbicide bentazone in river, soil, and vegetable samples

Pesticides have a significant role in the world food chain in the setting of rising agricultural output demand and rising climate change impacts on agricultural productivity. Pesticide contamination across the world is not just a pressing issue; it also has the potential to get worse, for instance, because of movements in global production to nations with laxer environmental regulations [1]. In this work, we have designed a new electrochemical sensor for detecting bentazone (BZT) by using NP-Y2O3/g-C3N4 modified carbon paste electrode (CP). For the first time, the Pechini method was employed to synthesize the Y2O3 nanocomposite. The nanomaterial was characterized by Xray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to create an analytical technique for identifying and measuring BZT, the electrocatalytic characteristics of the suggested Y2O3/g-C3N4 modified CP electrode were examined. Using the CV and DPV approaches, the electrochemical behavior of BZT at the Y2O3/gC3N4 sensor was investigated. The proposed electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical response toward BZT with a wide linear range of 1 to 100 µM, with a detection limit of 0.68 µM. The effect of possible interfering agents is negligible, confirming the good selectivity of the method. The sensor also displayed excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. Additionally, the Y2O3/g-C3N4 sensor was utilized for the detection of BZT in water and soil samples, and also in red and green pepper samples, and it exhibited good recovery results

Synthesis, characterization and potential biological activity of palladium(II) and platinum(IV) complexes with S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid

U ovoj Doktorskoj disertaciji opisane su sinteze S-alkil derivata tiosalicilne kiseline, kao i odgovarajućih paladijum(II) i platina(IV) kompleksa. Sastav dobijenih jedinjenja je potvrđen na osnovu rezultata elementalne mikroanalize. Na osnovu infracrvenih i nuklearno-magnetno rezonancionih spektara dobijenih alkil derivata tiosalicilne kiseline i odgovarajućih kompleksa paladijuma(II) kao i kompleksa platine(IV) može se zaključiti da je došlo do bidentatnog koordinovanja S-alkil derivata za jon metala. Struktura nagrađenih kompleksa paladijuma(II) je potvrđena na osnovu rezultata rendgenske strukturne analize, rešavanjem kristalne strukture kompleksa paladijuma(II) sa S-butil derivatom tiosalicilne kiseline, koji je dobijen prekristalisavanjem iz sistema dimetilsulfoksid-voda. Ispitivanjem in vitro antitumorske aktivnosti nagrađenih jedinjenja pokazano je da testirani kompleksi paladijuma(II) pokazuju umerenu i visoku citotoksičnost na ćelijskim linijama humanog tumora kolona i pluća dok pokazuju nisku aktivnost na fibroblastima. Citotoksični efekat svih liganada i ispitivanih kompleksa platine(IV) je bio sličan citotoksičnom efektu cisplatine na 2PK-3 ćelijskoj liniji. Izraženiji citotoksični efekat kako ligandi tako i kompleksi platine(IV) su ispoljili na BCL1 ćelijskoj liniji. In vitro antimikrobna aktivnost S-alkil derivata tiosalicilne kiseline i odgovarajućih kompleksa platine(IV) ispitivana je mikrodilucionom metodom. Utvrđeno je da su Gram-pozitivne bakterije osetljivije od Gram-negativnih, dok su najmanju osetljivost pokazale gljive. Najbolji rezultat je uočen kod kompleksa platine(IV) sa S-benzil derivatom tiosalicilne kiseline na S. aureus ATCC 25923. Ispitivanjem in vitro antibiofilm aktivnosti kompleksa platine(IV) sa S-alkil derivatima tiosalicilne kiseline uočen je bolji efekat na Gram-pozitivnim bakterijama.In this doctoral thesis are described the synthesis of S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid, as well as the corresponding palladium(II) and platinum(IV) complexes. The composition of the obtained compounds was confirmed from the results of elemental microanalysis. On the basis of infrared and nuclear magnetic spectra obtained S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid and the corresponding palladium(II) and platinum(IV) complexes it can be concluded that there has been the bidentate coordination of the S-alkyl derivatives to the metal ion. The structure of these complexes of palladium(II) was confirmed based on the results of X-ray structural analysis, by solving the crystal structure of the complex of palladium(II) with S-butyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid, which was obtained by recrystallization from system dimethylsulfoxide-water. The in vitro studies of the antitumor activity of the compounds has been shown that the tested palladium(II)-complexes showed moderate and high cytotoxicities against human colon and lung carcinoma cells and low cytotoxicities against fibroblasts. The cytotoxic effect of the all tested ligands and the platinum(IV)-complex was similar to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on 2PK-3 cell line. Visible cytotoxic effect the ligands and corresponding platinum(IV)-complexes have been expressed on a cell line BCL1. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the S-alkyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid and the corresponding platinum(IV)-complexes was was investigated microdilution method. It was found that Gram-positive bacteria more sensitive than the Gram-negative, and the lowest sensitivity was fungi. The best result was observed in the platinum(IV)-complex with S-benzyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid on the S. aureus ATCC 25923. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of the platinum(IV)-complex with the S-alkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid was observed better effect on Gram-positive bacteria