Presence of native trees in rural tribal homegardens doesn’t necessarily mean conservation: A case study from Mishmi belt of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Increasing human population and various developmental activities in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, which lies in one of the most bio-diverse regions of the world, has caused large-scale deforestation, pushing a large number of native tree species to the serious verge of elimination from their native forest. In such tribal-dominated landscapes around the world, myriads of studies have emphasized the potential of homegardens as a site for local biodiversity conservation as they are known to have a huge Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) on the use of diverse native floras. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate if the native communities of the Mishmi tribe conserved native indigenous tree species in their homegardens and if they are grown then what is the future of these tree species? It was hypothesized that harbouring greater indigenous knowledge implies greater domestication of tree species in their homegardens. Altogether, 103 species of trees were recorded from 243 homegardens in the present study. Although the native species constituted more than half of the species diversity, they, however, greatly lagged in all other aspects of the study such as population share, frequency distribution and regeneration potential. Native tree species constituted just 37% of the total tree population. Only two species, Bauhinia variegata L. and Alnus nepalensis D. Don, made up the major bulk of the native population. In terms of frequency distribution, only a handful of native species maintained a decent presence in the homegardens. Most of the native species grew naturally in unmanaged homegardens. The regeneration potential of all native species was very poor, including B. variegata. The study demonstrates that out of the 76 native species recorded from the region, only 7 species can rightfully be regarded as being domesticated by virtue of IKS of the Mishmi community. Our study concludes that the native species do exist in large number in homegardens of the rural tribal areas, but most of the native wild species exist in the rural homegardens not because they are planted/preferred but because they just happen to randomly grow there since most of the homegardens of tribal household are unmanaged or poorly managed, thereby giving way to wild species to germinate, at least until the owner decides to weed them out

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is an increased inflammatory state affecting the whole body. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a temporary or permanent form of extracorporeal support that may have an associated complication of an exacerbated inflammatory response to the extracorporeal circuit. This brief review will focus on understanding the complex pathophysiology of inflammatory response to MCS, factors that influence the extent of the inflammatory response, the inflammatory response and outcomes as well as potential therapeutic strategies

Histoplasma Virulence and Host Responses

Histoplasma capsulatum is the most prevalent cause of fungal respiratory disease. The disease extent and outcomes are the result of the complex interaction between the pathogen and a host's immune system. The focus of our paper consists in presenting the current knowledge regarding the multiple facets of the dynamic host-pathogen relationship in the context of the virulence arsenal displayed by the fungus and the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host

MORPHO-BATHYMETRIC PARAMETERS OF RECESS CRUCII LAKE (STÂNIŞOAREI MOUNTAINS)

Morpho-bathymetric parameters of recess Crucii Lake (Stânişoarei Mountains). Crucii Lake from Stânişoarei Mountains was formed in 1978 as a result of riverbed dam Cuejdel after a landslide triggered on the western slope of Muncelul Peak. The event led initially to a small accumulation of 250-300 acvatoriu m, 25-30 m wide and 4-5 m maximum depth. In the summer of 1991 following the construction of a forest road in the flysch, and amid a high humid conditions, the slide was reactivated, leading to the formation of the largest natural dam lake in Romania. It has a length of 1 km, area of 12.2 ha, maximum depth of 16 m and a water volume of ca. 907.000 m3. Morphometric and morpho-bathymetric measurements performed in the summer of 2011, with the help of the integrated 1.200 GPS of Station Leica System 1.200 surveying measurements and bathymetric measurements Valeyport Ecosounder Midas showed new values for the morpho-bathymetric parameters. Among them stands out: 13,95 ha area, perimeter 2801,1 m, maximum length of 1004,82 m, 282,6 m maximum width, maximum depth 16,45 m. To achieve the numerical model of the lake basin were more than 45.000 points bali reading, with equidistance of 0,25 m. The scale of detail work aimed to draw up a proper database to eliminate suspicions about the old analytical methods inaccuracies. At the same time was studied the evolution of the lake’s basin in the context of relatively recent geomorphological changes

Teaching Assistants in Canadian Universities: An Unknown Resource

Teaching Assistants (TAs) play an important role in most major universities. Interest in the training and development of TAs has increased in recent years, particularly in the U.S.A. In Canada very little research has been conducted regarding the work and status of TAs. The study provides a portrait of TAs in Canadian universities: their number, roles, remuneration, preparation and training, and policies governing their duties and responsibilities. Many universities had only a limited knowledge of the number of TAs employed, their qualifications for the tasks they are assigned and their training and supervision. The need for improving TA experience is clear and the establishment of a National Clearinghouse of TA-related materials is proposed.Les auxiliaires d'enseignement assument un rôle important dans la plupart des établissements d'une certaine taille. Depuis plusieurs années, particulièrement aux États-Unis, on observe un intérêt marqué pour les questions liées à la formation et au développement des auxiliaires d'enseignement. Au Canada cependant, peu de recherches ont été effectués sur leur travail et leur statut. Cette étude trace donc le portrait des auxiliaires dans les universités canadiennes et analyse leur nombre, leurs rôles, leur rémunération, leur apprentissage et leur formation, ainsi que les politiques déterminant leurs tâches et responsabilités. On observe que certaines universités ne possèdent que très peu d'information quant au nombre d'auxiliaires engagés, à leurs qualifications en regard des tâches assignées, leur formation et à leur supervision. De toute évidence, l'expérience de travail des auxiliaires d'enseignement doit être améliorée, et l'établissement d'un Centre national de documentation portant sur la question est proposé

Nutritional aspects in dermatology

3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in PragueIII. interní klinika - klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu 1. LF UK a VFN1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Enteropatia exudativă la copil: protocol clinic naţional PCN-163

IMSP Institutul Mamei şi CopiluluiProtocolul naţional a fost elaborat de către grupul de lucru al Ministerului Sănătăţii al Republicii Moldova (MS RM), constituit din specialiştii IMSP Institutul Mamei şi Copilului și Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemițanu”. Protocolul de faţă a fost fondat în conformitate cu ghidurile internaţionale actuale privind „Enteropatia exudativă la copil” şi va servi drept matrice pentru elaborarea protocoalelor instituţionale. La recomandarea MS RM pentru monitorizarea protocoalelor instituţionale pot fi folosite formulare suplimentare, care nu sunt incluse în protocolul clinic naţional

Latest Implications of Next-Gen Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

The spectacular progress which was present in the past few years in the field of genome sequencing, together with the appearance on the market of some high performance devices in this field, the reduction of the costs regarding the analysis of the samples and the standardization of some protocols, has led to the establishment and introduction of the new generation of sequencing techniques in clinical diagnostic labs. An important role is played by the implementation of this technique in the oncology clinics. In this context, we found it appropriate to discuss in this chapter about the role of next-gen sequencing in determining the genetic probabilities of occurrence of oncological pathologies in the healthy population, the screening of these diseases at the population level, the diagnosis and classification of this pathology, the establishment of the therapeutic conduct using the technique, as well as the progression of the disease. In this chapter, we intend to discuss in particular the involvement of this technology in hemato-oncological diseases