INCIDENCE OF TUMOR CELLS PRESENCE ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECIMENTS MARGINS IN RELATION TO WIDENESS OF INTRAORAL CARCINOMAS EXCISION

Correct surgical therapy considers radical excision of tumor formation, what can be certificated by absence of tumor cells on histopathological specimen margins.The aim of this investigation is to estimate incidence of presence of tumor cells on histopathological specimen margins in cases of intraoral carcinomas, surgically excised in macroscopically normal tissue with different wideness of normal tissue zone and relation to postoperative survival of this patients with intraoral carcinomas.Fifty seven patients with intraoral carcinomas were divided in three groups according to wideness of zone of excision in macroscopically normal tissue. Lowest percent of presence of tumor cells on margins of histopathological specimens were in group of patients with zone of excision behind zone of indurations of soft tissue, but patients from this group had shortest postoperative survival period. Presence of tumor cells on margins of histopathological specimens of excided intraoral carcinomas was found in high number of 81,07%.It can be said that presence of tumor cells on margins of histopathological specimens of exceeded intraoral carcinomas was found in extremely high number of 81,07%, but direct statistical significant relation in-between wideness of surgical excision and postoperative survival period was not found what show that another factors connected with postoperative survival of this patients must be examine

The Formation of Cyclic Ethers from Olefinic Alcohols Part XI*. The Oxidative Cyclization of Some Open-Chain Unsaturated Alcohols by Means of Organic Peracids

Reactions of some acyclic olefinic alcohols with organic peracids (mainly 3-chloroperbenzoic acid) have been studied. It was found that L\u27.3-alkenols, with one exception (4-methyl-3- penten-1-ol), do not cyclize, whereas L\u27.4-alkenols afford cyclic hydroxyethers, the ratio of five- to six-membered ring products depending mostly upon the number and position of methyl (alkyl) substituents at the double bond and at the carbinol carbon atom, and varying from 100: O to 57.5: 42.5. L\u27.5-alkenols give six-rmembered cyclic hydroxy-ethers, whereas L\u27.6- and L\u27.7-alkenols do not cyclize. The alkaline hydrolysis (in aqueous sodium hydroxide) of epoxy-acetates derived from L\u27.4-alkenols affords also cyclic hydroxy-ethers, the five- to six-membered ring ratio varying from 100: O to 67: 33, whereas basic hydrolysis of 1-acetoxy-5,6-epoxyhexane gives a mixture of six- and seven-membered cyclic hydroxy-ethers

The Formation of Cyclic Ethers from Olefinic Alcohols Part XI*. The Oxidative Cyclization of Some Open-Chain Unsaturated Alcohols by Means of Organic Peracids

Reactions of some acyclic olefinic alcohols with organic peracids (mainly 3-chloroperbenzoic acid) have been studied. It was found that L\u27.3-alkenols, with one exception (4-methyl-3- penten-1-ol), do not cyclize, whereas L\u27.4-alkenols afford cyclic hydroxyethers, the ratio of five- to six-membered ring products depending mostly upon the number and position of methyl (alkyl) substituents at the double bond and at the carbinol carbon atom, and varying from 100: O to 57.5: 42.5. L\u27.5-alkenols give six-rmembered cyclic hydroxy-ethers, whereas L\u27.6- and L\u27.7-alkenols do not cyclize. The alkaline hydrolysis (in aqueous sodium hydroxide) of epoxy-acetates derived from L\u27.4-alkenols affords also cyclic hydroxy-ethers, the five- to six-membered ring ratio varying from 100: O to 67: 33, whereas basic hydrolysis of 1-acetoxy-5,6-epoxyhexane gives a mixture of six- and seven-membered cyclic hydroxy-ethers

Leasing as a form of financing economic development in Montenegro

Savremena svjetska privreda je bitno drugačija nego što je bila na početku ovog vijeka. Broj promjena u jedinici vremena se odvija eksponencijalnim rastom. Svjetsko tržište postaje sve kompleksnija arena, u kome više nikome ništa nije sigurno, ako ne bude u trendu stalnih promjena. Stalne kvantitativno-kvalitativne promjene u sferi privređivanja, ali i svim drugim oblastima društva, otvaraju objektivnu potrebu za nove poslovne modalitete i povezivanja medju učesnicima, koji kao svoju polugu podrazumijevaju nove oblike finansiranja naraslih i drugačijih poslova. Vremenom je visoka vrijednost transakcija postepeno prevazilazila mogućnosti nosilaca tih poslova u oblasti biznisa, ali i samog bankarskog, pa i integralno, finansijskog sektora. Funkcionisanje privrede omogućava više podsistema, od kojih je finansijski sistem jedan od njegovih najvažnijih segmenata. Ni jedna privreda ne može funkcionisati bez odgovarajućeg finansijskog sistema. Isto tako, svaki subjekat kao dio privrede ili društva, zasniva svoje poslovanje na nekim oblicima finansiranja, budući da i od njih zavisi “ kompozicija ” finansijskog sistema adekvatna privrednoj razvijenosti. Svaki nivo razvijenosti privrede korespondira sa kompozicijom nekog finansijskog sistema. Raznovrsnost oblika finansiranja je važna karakteristika funkcionisanja savremenih privreda u svim zemljama svijeta. Finansijska tržišta su vema dinamična, možda i najviše promjenjljiva od svih oblika tržišta. Inovacija i razvoj novih proizvoda su prisutni i u ovom kao i svim drugim tržištima. Na odredjenom nivou razvoja, postojeći finansijski instrumenti, nijesu bili dovoljni da prate komplikovano funkcionisanje aktuelnog tržišta, pa su razvijani novi, adekvatni da “ opsluže “ bitno drugačije privredne i društvene zahtjeve. Medju takvim instrumentima posebno se izdvaja lizing, kao novi model finansiranja. Lizing je oblik finansiranja, kreiran u zemljama razvijene tržišne privrede, sa osnovnim ciljem da se stimuliše i dalje generišu poluge razvoja. Lizing povećava konkurenciju na finansijskom tržištu i podstiče inovacije u oblasti ovog sektora usluga. U razvijenim zemljama, njegova aktivnost utiče na nižu kamatnu stopu i ekspanziju finansijskih aktivnosti kao osnove za dalji razvoj biznisa. Bez lizinga se ne bi mogao ostvariti plasman znatnog broja proizvoda - niti gotovinski, niti uz pomoć klasičnog kredita. Zato je lizing poseban metod finansiranja, suštinski i razvijen kao parabankarski posao. Stvoren je sa ciljem da se odgovori na nova konkurenska stanja na tržištu, koja su mogla biti razvijana samo prevladavanjem problema manjka kapitala. Lizing faktički ubrzava “ cirkulaciju ” kapitala, medju njihovim učesnicima i predstavlja fenomen mobilnosti kapitala uopšte. Sa sadašnje vremenske distance može se tvrditi da je lizing nastao na osnovu ekonomskih potreba uspostavljanja novog odnosa odredjenih segmenata ponude i tražnje ili, bolje rečeno, njihovog uspostavljanja na novim osnovama. Kao model finansiranja sve više pokazuje svoje značajne prednosti. U pitanju je bitno drugačiji model (forma) pribavljanja osnovnih i drugih poslovnih sredstava; specifični ekonomski i pravni fenomen. Nema sumnje da je lizing pravna kategorija, ali je on u svojoj osnovi, prevashodno, ekonomski posao, pa i društveni fenomen. U pitanju je poslovni odnos koji se odvija u procesu sa više faza. Pravni okvir je samo prisutan da se taj specifični oblik finansiranja, na odgovarajući način bolje “ uobliči ”. U cilju boljeg sagledavanja normativnog pristupa, u ovom istraživanju su analizirani zakonski propisi izabranih zemalja. Lizing je u stalnim promjenama, pa je nastalo više različitih modaliteta, a za očekivati je da će se u tome procesu razvijati i novi. On je, u osnovi, tročlani posao: davaoca, korisnika i isporučioca odredjenog predmeta lizinga, interesantan sa računovodstvenog i poreskog stanovišta. Ekonomska istorija je pokazala da je primjena lizinga kao modela finansiranja doprinosila i doprinosi razvoju ne samo preduzeća, nego njegovim posredstvom i privredi u cjelini. Lizing je pogodan model finansiranja za razvoj nedovoljno razvijenih zemalja, koje su oskudne u raspolaganju kapitalom. Privrede zemalja u razvoju se srijeću sa različitim izazovima, od kojih su potrebe za investicijama medju primarnim. U njima, nedovoljna domaća akumulacija i ne kapitalizovane, najčešće, domaće banke, ne mogu da pruže adekvatna sredstva za investicije. On se danas primjenjuje u više od sto zemalja svijeta, i to posebno u razvijenim zemljama. Savremena primjena lizinga je takva da nije pretjerano konstatovati da je osvojio svijet i sve pore poslovnog pa i privatnog života. U 2003. godini lizing poslovi su iznosili 511 mlrd USA$, da bi u 2007. godini bili povećani na 780 mlrd USA$ ili za oko 1,5 puta. Pad lizing poslova u svjetskim razmjerama se dogodio sa izbijanjem velike ekonomske i finansijske krize iz 2008. godine. Tako je već u toj godini došlo do pada lizing poslova na svjetskom nivou sa 780 mlrd USA $u 2007. godini, na 732 mlrd USA$ u 2008. godini ili za oko gotovo 50 mlrd$, što predstavlja relativni pad od oko 7oporave, pa su u 2013. godini iznosili 884 mlrd$. U istoj godini, 50 vodećih zemalja u primjeni lizinga su zabilježile porast od 1,7%. Lizing poslovi u Evropi su pratili promjene na svjetskom nivou, posebno trendove u Sjevernoj Americi. Poslije pada sa izbijanjem krize, došlo je do značajnog oporavka tek 2014. godine, kada je ostvarena visoka stopa rasta od 9,5%. Primjena lizinga korespondira sa nivoom privrednog i društvenog razvoja. Privredni rast i razvoj (njegova dinamika i struktura) determinišu bogatstvo ili siromaštvo svakog pojedinca, pa i zemlje u cjelini. Što je zemlja više razvijena, to se lizing kao model finanisranja više koristi.Ta zakonitost se pokazala u našim istraživanjima primjene lizinga u regionu, kome pripada Crna Gora. Poslednjih godina, njegova primjena je posebno bitna za mala i srednja preduzeća (MSP), koja su generator savremenog ekonomskog razvoja. Privredni rast i razvoj su složeni procesi, zasnovani na različitim izvorima i metodama finansiranja. Lizing sa svojim prednostima sve više “ potiskuje ” druge izvore finansiranja, posebno kod MSP, koja su glavna poluga bržeg savremenog rasta i razvoja. Posredstvom njih, lizing postaje značajan izvor finansiranja privrednog razvoja u gotovo svim zemljama svijeta. Njegova primjena treba da bude posebno važna za zemlje u tranziciji i nedovoljno razvijene zemlje.Tržište lizinga postaje toliko značajno da predstavlja barometar ili svojevrsnu “ krvnu sliku ” privrednih kretanja u nekoj zemlji ili regionu. Privreda Crne Gore se, na početku novog milenijuma, karakteriše nekim obilježjima, koja se mogu označiti kao specifična u odnosu na ranije faze njenog razvoja. Lizing se kao oblik finansiranja u Crnoj Gori koristi od 2005. godine, sa različitom dinamikom i oblastima proizvodnje i potrošnje. Za analizu desetogodišnjeg perioda, kreirana su dva regresiona modela, koji koriste vremenske serije lizinga kao zavisne varijable i izabrane nezavisne varijable (bruto društvenog proizvoda, kredita, investicija, zaposlenosti i kamatnih stopa). U početku primjene, pa sve do izbijanja ekonomske i finansijske krize (2006 – 2008 ), je doživio eksponecijalni rast, da bi već u prvoj godini njenog djelovanja došlo do drastičnog pada u primjeni ovog oblika finansiranja. Lizing, kao novi model finansiranja biznisa i potrošnje u Crnoj Gori, se jasno iskristalisao kroz dva perioda, koji se mogu okarakterisati kao potpuno različita.Već sledeće godine po izbijanju ekonomske krize ( 2009. godine), lizing poslovi su u Crnoj Gori pretrpjeli veliki pad. Negativni uticaj krize se odrazio više na lizing nego na bilo koji drugi oblik finansiranja u Crnoj Gori. Kako je kriza tekla, lizing kuće su u Crnoj Gori sve više ulazile u poslovne probleme, pa je tako stalno dolazilo do pada učešća njihove bilansne sume u odnosu na bilansnu sumu banaka. Zadnja godina značajne primjene lizinga je 2008., poslije koje dolazi do stalnog pada u njegovoj primjeni. Analizirani period trajanja krize od šest godina (2009-2014) se karakteriše stalnim padom zastupljenosti lizinga, kao oblika finansiranja, po svim bitnim indikatorima naše analize. Istraživanja su pokazala da je, po vrijednosti, strukturi i broju zaključenih ugovora sa izbijanjem ekonomske krize u Crnoj Gori lizing postao najosjetljiviji izvor finansiranja, koji je doživio srazmjerno najveći pad. Ovaj model finansiranja nije našao svoje značajnije mjesto u poljoprivredi i industriji, a ni u ostalim (čisto) proizvodnim djelatnostima. Lizing takodje nije našao primjenu kod mašina i opreme, osim kod saobraćajnih sredstava i gradjevinskih mašina. Njegova primjena je bila posebno značajna kod finansiranja putničkih automobila.Čitavim periodom primjene lizinga dominira finansijski nad operativnim lizingom. Fizička i pravna lica, kao korisnici lizinga, su bila različito zastupljena u prethodnom desetogodišnjem periodu. U prvoj polovini 2015. godine, u Crnoj Gori, nema promjena niti u broju učesnika niti u regulativi lizing poslova. U odnosu na prvu polovinu 2014. godine, zaključeno je više ugovora za 42%, dok je njihova ukupna vrijednost povećana za nešto manje od 20%. Finansijski lizing i dalje dominira sa preko 80%, dok je operativni četiri puta manji. Pravna lica, po broju zaključenih ugovora i dalje dominiraju u strukturi korisnika (gotovo 90%), dok su fizička lica oko 10%, a preduzetnici svega 0,3%. Generalni je zaključak iz naših istraživanja da se lizing u Crnoj Gori nije oporavio ni poslije sedam godina od izbijanja krize. Svi parametri pokazuju da su njegove vrijednosti bile suprotne od trendova u drugim zemljama. Opšti je zaključak da je lizing bio značajna poluga razvoja do početka krize, da bi poslije njenog izbijanja, a naročito poslednjih godina, ovaj model finansiranja više bio u funkciji povećanja potrošnje nego instrument privrednog razvoja. Obavljeno je empirijsko istraživanje, na bazi upitnika, kod lizing kuća, korisnika, i izabranih predstavnika državnih institucija, kako bi se detaljnjije spoznali relevantni uzroci stanja u ovoj oblasti. Ono je omogućilo da testiramo, potvrdimo i izvedemo odgovarajuće zaključke. Dosadašnja primjena lizinga nas je dovela do stava da je neophodan sistemski pristup i potreba za redizajniranjem i novom strategijom daljeg razvoja lizinga kao oblika finansiranja u Crnoj Gori. Zato smo razvili model za kreiranje strategije daljeg razvoja lizinga u Crnoj Gori, sa četiri ključna učesnika: država, lizing kuće, obrazovne institucije i korisnici (preduzeća, preduzetnici i drugi subjekti). Isto tako je data uloga svakog od njih pojedinačno

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the larynx

Background/Aim. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the larynx is a rare borderline lesion composed of myofibroblastic and inflammatory cells. Case report. We presented a case of 77-year-old male with hoarseness for about three months. Laryngoscopy showed a polypoid tumor originated from the anterior commissure with glottic projection. Grossly, the tumor was 22 × 15 mm, whitish, oval nodus with firm consistency. Histologically, the lesion was composed of spindled to stellate cells arranged in a fascicular to storiform pattern and inflammatory cells: lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. The stroma was fibromyxoid and collagenous. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells showed strong positivity for actin and vimentin and negativity for cytokeratin, CD34, S100 and desmin. The proliferation (Ki67) was less than 10%. Conclusion. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor may be mistaken as a malignancy and the differential diagnosis can be difficult without immunohistochemistry. It is critical to recognize this uncommon entity to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment

Investigation of HeNe laser therapy influence on BCP/PLGA osseointegration: Experimental study

The efficiency of HeNe laser application in treatment of artificially caused bone defects in mandible of rats filled with biocomposite BCP/PLGA (bicalcium phosphate/polylactide-co-glycolide) was analyzed. Animals were divided in two separate groups. The first group (A) was the control one. In the second group (B) the implantation site was submitted to HeNe laser irradiation. Animals were sacrificed two, six, eight and twelve weeks after laser therapy. Histological samples were decalcified and submerged in paraffin blocks. Samples were colored with HE. Morphometrical analysis consisted of measuring area fraction, area, integral optical density, mean density and density variation. Results showed beneficial effect of laser treatment in reparation of alveolar bone after two and six weeks. After eight and twelve weeks no beneficial laser effect on biocomposite osseointegration could be noticed

Dental condition of the schoolchildren in Serbia over a century ago

The exhibition of the legacy of Dr. Svetozar Marković (1860-1916) held at the end of 2009 in the University library 'Svetozar Marković' in Belgrade, drew attention to this significant creator, school doctor, public worker and the founder of school hygiene in Serbia. He was the founder of The Association for School Hygiene and National Enlightenment (1906), the founder and the editor of the magazine Light (Svetlost) (1908-1914). This work is refferning only to his findings regarding oral and dental condition of schoolchildren, gathered during systematic examinations the students of the Third Belgrade (Pancic's) High School (from I to VIII), in the school years 1903/1904, 1904/05 and 1907/08

Joint effects of vitamin D and nanobiomaterial in the jaw bone regeneration

Systems for targeted delivery of drugs with high affinity for specific organs, tissues, and cells were introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century. Recently, this concept is attracting much attention. These systems have shown most effective in reducing adverse effects of drugs. In recent years, scientists have created a system of nanoparticles for delivery of vitamin D. Special attention is paid to the role of vitamin D in the division and differentiation of osteoblasts and thus, in its role in osteogenesis. In this regard it was interesting to observe the local effects of the active form of vitamin D3 in osteogenesis, as a part of the system for local delivery. These effects were observed on an experimental model. Three types of nanobiomaterial were implanted in the artificially made defects in rats’ mandibular bone. Six weeks after implantation of hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite-coated vitamin D3 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles coated with vitamin D3 mixed with the polymer, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples of mandibular alveolar bone were taken. The samples were adequately prepared and subjected to histopathological analysis. The best results in regeneration of osteoporotic jaw bone were obtained in the experimental group of animals where the implant was hydroxyapatite-coated vitamin D3 mixed with the polymer. The results show that nanobiomaterials with local delivery of active form of vitamin D3, used in this study, may be materials of the future in the area of weakened jaw bone tissue regeneration

THE HYDROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF LOW FLOW ASSESSMENT IN UNGAUGED BASINS – A CASE STUDY IN THE JUŽNA MORAVA RIVER BASIN

Eighteen low flow indicators are considered in the research of sixteen hydrological stations in the Južna Morava river basin. The indicators are estimated by statistical analysis and grouped as hydrological and environmental indicators. A cross-correlation between all indicators is assessed. Environmental flows at hydrologic stations are obtained by the GEP method. The environmental low flow indicators are transferred to two small ungauged basins by regression with physiographic characteristics. The adjustment of environmental flows at ungauged basins is performed according to the locations of the donor stations in the hydrogeological regions of the studied area

Analysis of the grade of esophagitis, chromendoscopical and histological findings of esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease before and after the therapy

Background/Aim. The symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux desease (GERD) are among the most common complaints for which patients are indicated for visiting gastroenterologist. It occurs as a result of the effect made by gastric reflux contents that moves into the esophagus. The prevalence of all forms of GERD is 40%. The aim of this study was to analyze the grade of esophagitis, chromendoscopical and histological findings of esophagus in patients with GERD before and after the therapy. Methods. A prospective study included 90 patients with symptoms of GERD, divided into 2 groups depending on whether they had endoscopic signs of gastroezophageal reflux (group ERD), or not (group NERD). All the patients had esophagogastroduodenoscopy, chromoendoscopy staining, test for Helicobacter pylori and histological findings of the esophagus. In the patients with Helicobacter pylori infection eradication therapy was done. Results. Esophagitis-B level was present in most of the patients. Among the groups, roughly the same number responded to positive findings on chromoendoscopy. After the therapy, chromoendoscopy was significantly negative in both groups of the patients comparing to chromoendoscopy before the therapy (p = 0.00001). Multiplication and elongation of papilla, basal cell hyperplasia, vascular dilatation, increasing of mitotic activity and the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells were statistically more frequent histological findings in the group ERB compared to the group NERB. After the therapy, the patients in both groups had statistically less histological findings of appropriate esophageal parameters. Conclusion. Chromoendoscopy combined with the standard endoscopy increases the sensitivity and specificity for reflux disease. Histology in the reflux disease is associated with endoscopic and clinical findings so that the localization of taking biopsies and histological criteria of pathohistological changes must be clearly defined. Multiplication and elongation of papilla, basal cell hyperplasia and the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes are the most relevant criteria in the diagnosis NERD