14 research outputs found
Optical Anisotropy of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Characterized by Spectral Means
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films are the subject of intensive research because of great interest in using them in applications, especially in medicine. From an optical point of view, PET films with a low degree of stretching can be considered uniaxial materials, for which the determination of the linear birefringence and its dispersion is very important. Two methods were applied here for the estimation of these parameters: the ellipsometric method and the channeled spectra method. The ellipsometric method uses monochromatic radiation; therefore, the linear birefringence of the PET films is determined for a given value of the radiation wavelength. The channeled spectra method allows for the estimation of the linear birefringence and its dispersion for a large range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. A decrease in both parameters with the increase in the wavelength was recorded. To evidence the microstructure of PET films and the conformational changes induced by elongation and to evaluate the degree of orientation, a polarized infrared spectral study in attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR) mode was performed. The dichroic ratio (between the absorbance measured with linearly polarized radiation parallel and orthogonal relative to the stretching direction, respectively) and the ATR absorbance ratio for the machine direction (MD) and transversal direction (TD) configurations both for the stretched and unstretched PET samples were measured
Structure and Photochemistry of <i>N</i>âSalicylideneâ<i>p</i>âcarboxyaniline Isolated in Solid Argon
Infrared matrix isolation spectroscopy
and DFT/B3LYP/6-311++GÂ(d,p)
calculations have been used to characterize the conformational space
of the enol-imine and keto-amine tautomers of <i>N</i>-salicylidene-<i>p</i>-carboxyaniline (SCA) in both their <i>E</i> and <i>Z</i> isomeric forms. Monomers of SCA were isolated in an argon
matrix (15 K), which was shown to contain only the most stable conformer
of the <i>E</i>-enol isomer of the compound. The matrix-isolated <i>E</i>-enol was then subjected to <i>in situ</i> UV
irradiation (λ = 335; 345 nm, provided by a laser/MOPO system,
or λ > 235 nm, provided by a HgÂ(Xe) broad-band source), and
the photoinduced processes probed by infrared spectroscopy. Two photoreaction
channels were observed, with a branching ratio of âŒ1:1, corresponding
to <i>E</i>-enol â <i>Z</i>-enol isomerization
and <i>E</i>-enol â <i>E</i>-keto tautomerization.
Both processes were found to be rather effective, with practically
complete consumption of the reactant after broad-band irradiation
by 1 min only. Identification among the photoproduced species of the <i>Z</i>-enol conformer that differs from the reactant only by <i>E</i>-to-<i>Z</i> isomerization suggests the initial
photoproduction of this conformer, which subsequently decays into
the lowest energy <i>Z</i>-enol conformer (also identified
experimentally). The <i>E</i>-enol â <i>E</i>-keto tautomerization requires an excited state intramolecular proton
transfer and twisting about the exocyclic CC bond of the molecule.
These processes most probably take place sequentially. However, in
the present study the <i>Z</i>-keto isomer, which should
act as intermediate in this sequence of processes, could not be detected,
most probably due to its short lifetime under the used experimental
conditions. On the contrary,
the detailed structural and vibrational characterization of the photoproduced <i>E</i>-keto form was successfully achieved
Upper Limb Compartment SyndromeâAn Extremely Rare Life-Threatening Complication of Cutaneous Anthrax
(1) Background: Cutaneous anthrax is a disease caused by a Gram-positive bacillus, spore-forming Bacillus anthracis (BA). Cutaneous anthrax accounts for 95% of all anthrax cases, with mortality between 10â40% in untreated forms. The most feared complication, which can be life-threatening and is rarely encountered and described in the literature, is compartment syndrome. (2) Methods: We report a series of six cases of cutaneous anthrax from the same endemic area. In two of the cases, the disease was complicated by compartment syndrome. The systematic review was conducted according to systematic review guidelines, and the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2023. The keywords used were: âcutaneous anthraxâ and âcompartment syndrome by cutaneous anthraxâ. (3) Results: For compartment syndrome, emergency surgical intervention for decompression was required, along with another three surgeries, with hospitalization between 21 and 23 days. In the systematic review, among the 37 articles, 29 did not contain cases focusing on compartment syndrome of the thoracic limb in cutaneous anthrax. The results were included in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow diagram. (4) Conclusions: Early recognition of the characteristic cutaneous lesions and compartment syndrome with early initiation of antibiotics and urgent surgical treatment is the lifesaving solution
3D Matrices for Enhanced Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Compounds in Wound Healing
Current trends in the development of wound dressings are oriented towards the use of biopolymer-based materials, due to their unique properties such as non-toxicity, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, properties that have advantageous therapeutic characteristics. In this regard, the present study aims to develop hydrogels based on cellulose and dextran (CD) and to reveal their anti-inflammatory performance. This purpose is achieved by incorporating plant bioactive polyphenols (PFs) in CD hydrogels. The assessments include establishing the structural characteristics using attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the swelling degree of hydrogels, the PFs incorporation/release kinetics and the hydrogelsâ cytotoxicity, together with evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of PFs-loaded hydrogels. The results show that the presence of dextran has a positive impact on the hydrogelâs structure by decreasing the pore size at the same time as increasing the uniformity and interconnectivity of the pores. In addition, there is an increased degree of swelling and of the encapsulation capacity of PFs, with the increase of the dextran content in hydrogels. The kinetics of PFs released by hydrogels was studied according to the KorsmeyerâPeppas model, and it was observed that the transport mechanisms depend on hydrogelsâ composition and morphology. Furthermore, CD hydrogels have been shown to promote cell proliferation without cytotoxicity, by successfully culturing fibroblasts and endothelial cells on CD hydrogels (over 80% viability). The anti-inflammatory tests performed in the presence of lipopolysaccharides demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of the PFs-loaded hydrogels. All these results provide conclusive evidence on the acceleration of wound healing by inhibiting the inflammation process and support the use of these hydrogels encapsulated with PFs in wound healing applications
Physical Hydrogels of Oxidized Polysaccharides and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) for Wound Dressing Applications
Two natural polymers, i.e., cellulose and water soluble pullulan, have been selectively oxidized employing the TEMPO-mediated protocol, to allow the introduction of C6-OOH groups. Thereafter, the composite hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and different content of the oxidized polysaccharides were prepared by the freezing/thawing method. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to discuss the degree of interaction between the hydrogels constituents into the physical network. The homogeneity of the prepared hydrogels as revealed by the SEM show an excellent distribution of the oxidized polysaccharides inside the PVA matrix. The samples exhibit self-healing features, since they quickly recover the initial structure after being subjected to a large deformation. The cell viability was performed for the selected hydrogels, all of them showing promising results. The samples are able to load L-arginine both by physical phenomena, such as diffusion, and also by chemical phenomena, when imine-type bonds are likely to be formed. The synergism between the two constituents, PVA and oxidized polysaccharides, into the physical network, propose these hydrogels for many other biomedical applications
A Histological Evaluation of the Efficiency of Using Periprosthetic Autologous Fat to Prevent Capsular Contracture Compared to Other Known MethodsâAn Experimental Study
Background: Capsular contracture remains a common complication in silicone breast implantation. The etiology, formation mechanisms, predisposing and favoring factors are still subjects of research. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of using autologous fat introduced periprosthetically in preventing capsular contracture compared to other known methods: antibiotics and corticosteroids. Methods: A cohort of 80 Wistar rats was included in the study, divided into four subgroups. All subjects received a silicone implant, implanted in a pocket created along the abdominal midline. The first subgroup served as the control group, with subjects having the implant placed without any treatment. For the second and third subgroups, the implants were treated with an antibiotic solution and intramuscular injections of dexamethasone, respectively. The subjects in the last subgroup received centrifuged autologous fat introduced periprosthetically. Results: The subgroup with autologous fat exhibited a significantly smaller capsule thickness, which was poorly represented, with a smooth surface. The use of autologous fat for treating silicone prosthesis was linked with the lack of acute inflammation around the prosthetic site. Conclusions: Autologous fat helps to minimize the ânon-selfâ reaction, which results in the development of a periprosthetic capsule consisting of mature collagen fibers interspersed with adipocytes