Un reino (des)unido : un análisis a las causas del Brexit y como influyeron en el voto

El resultado del referéndum realizado el 23 de junio de 2016, con el voto a favor de revocar la membresía de la Unión Europea, modifica el futuro de las relaciones que tiene el país con la dinámica en el resto de los países de la Unión Europea y el resto del mundo. Este acontecimiento ha generado un efecto en cadena con respecto a varios países que conforman la Unión Europea, generando la incertidumbre respecto a su propia permanencia dentro de dicha unión de países europeos. Este trabajo pretende esclarecer qué variables influyeron más en los ciudadanos británicos a la hora de votar a favor o en contra de permanecer en la UE. Basados en la información desagregada por distrito, vamos a demostrar que el voto a favor del Brexit fue mayor en regiones mayormente afectadas por la globalización comercial, y que dicho efecto fue más significativo que los efectos producidos por la globalización de la inmigración

Work-related dysphonia in subjects with occupational asthma is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation

Dysphonia; Neutrophilic inflammation; Occupational asthmaDisfonía; Inflamación neutrofílica; Asma ocupacionalDisfonia; Inflamació neutròfila; Asma ocupaciona

Des sciences citoyennes pour le développement durable

Un programme universel de développement durable a été récemment lancé par l’ONU. Dans quelle mesure la diffusion de la culture scientifique participe-t-elle à sa mise en œuvre ? Des projets pédagogiques innovants portés par l’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) montrent combien une meilleure appropriation des avancées des sciences peut contribuer à la construction d’une citoyenneté informée, active et engagée dans le développement durable

Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission to Health Care Workers after Occupational Exposure: A European Case-Control Study

Background. Additional studies are required to identify risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission to health care workers after occupational exposure to HCV. Methods. We conducted a matched case-control study in 5 European countries from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 2002. Case patients were health care workers who experienced seroconversion after percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposure to HCV. Control subjects were HCV-exposed health care workers who did not experience seroconversion and were matched with case patients for center and period of exposure. Results. Sixty case patients and 204 control subjects were included in the study. All case patients were exposed to HCV-infected fluids through percutaneous injuries. The 37 case patients for whom information was available were exposed to viremic source patients. As risk factors for HCV infection, multivariate analysis identified needle placement in a source patient's vein or artery (odds ratio [OR], 100.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3-1365.7), deep injury (OR, 155.2; 95% CI, 7.1-3417.2), and sex of the health care worker (OR for male vs. female, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.0). Source patient HCV load was not introduced in the multivariate model. In unmatched univariate analysis, the risk of HCV transmission increased 11-fold for health care workers exposed to source patients with a viral load >6 log10 copies/mL (95% CI, 1.1-114.1), compared with exposures to source patients with a viral load ⩽4 log10 copies/mL. Conclusion. In this study, HCV occupational transmission was found to occur after percutaneous exposures. The risk of HCV transmission after percutaneous exposure increased with deep injuries and procedures involving hollow-bore needle placement in the source patient's vein or artery. These results highlight the need for widespread adoption of needlestick-prevention devices in health care settings, together with other preventive measure

La flore fossile du système travertineux du Serre de Montdenier (Alpes de Haute Provence, France) : un nouveau jalon dans l’histoire de la végétation holocène des Alpes du Sud

Le système travertineux du Serre de Montdenier (alt. 1200 m) présente des massifs contenant des macrorestes végétaux (empreintes foliaires et charbons) et une tourbière minérotrophe alcaline. L’analyse des séquences travertineuses datées par U/Th et 14C a permis de reconstituer la structure et la composition de la flore ligneuse locale au début de l’Holocène. Le paysage du vallon de Mouresse se présentait alors sous la forme d’une mosaïque de chênaies caducifoliées mésophiles, de zones ouvertes à Amelanchier ovalis et Berberis vulgaris, et de ripisylves à Alnus glutinosa, Salix spp. et Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Toutes ces espèces, à l’exception de Quercus pubescens, ont disparu de la végétation locale, actuellement caractérisée par des matorrals à Buxus sempervirens et des reboisements de Pinus nigra subsp. nigra. La tourbière minérotrophe, qui recouvre la partie sommitale du système travertineux, se développa il y a environ 400 ans, probablement à la suite de modifications de l’hydrologie de la partie amont du ruisseau de Mouresse. Les données polliniques traduisent des apports lointains et révèlent un paysage asylvatique antérieurement aux reboisements RTM de la fin du 19e siècle.The travertine system of the Serre de Montdenier (alt. 1200 m) presents formations containing plant macroremains (plant imprints and charcoals) and an alkaline minerotrophic peatland (fen). The analysis of travertine sequences dated by U/Th and 14C allowed us to reconstruct the composition and the structure of the local ligneous flora at the beginning of the Holocene. The landscape of the Mouresse valley was then formed by a mosaic of mesophilous deciduous oak forests, of open zones with Amelanchier ovalis and Berberis vulgaris, and of riparian forests with Alnus glutinosa, Salix spp. and Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. All these species, excepted Quercus pubescens, have disappeared from the local vegetation, presently characterized by matorrals of Buxus sempervirens and afforestations of Pinus nigra subsp. nigra. The fen covering the higher part of the travertine system developed ca. 400 years ago, probably as a result of changes in the hydrology of the higher part of the Mouresse stream. Pollen data reveal a long transport and an asylvatic landscape prior to the RTM reforestation of the end of the 19th century

Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: The ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis

Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of “one-airway-one-disease,” coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the “Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis.” This review determined that the “one-airway-one-disease” concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme “allergic” (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis alone and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity represent two distinct diseases with the following differences: (i) genomic and transcriptomic background (Toll-Like Receptors and IL-17 for rhinitis alone as a local disease; IL-33 and IL-5 for allergic and non-allergic multimorbidity as a systemic disease), (ii) allergen sensitization patterns (mono- or pauci-sensitization versus polysensitization), (iii) severity of symptoms, and (iv) treatment response. In conclusion, rhinitis alone (local disease) and rhinitis with asthma multimorbidity (systemic disease) should be considered as two distinct diseases, possibly modulated by the microbiome, and may be a model for understanding the epidemics of chronic and autoimmune diseases

Rhinitis associated with asthma is distinct from rhinitis alone: TARIA‐MeDALL hypothesis

Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of “one-airway-one-disease,” coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), (ii) new insights into polysensitization and multimorbidity, (iii) advances in mHealth for novel phenotype definitions, (iv) confirmation in canonical epidemiologic studies, (v) genomic findings, (vi) treatment approaches, and (vii) novel concepts on the onset of rhinitis and multimorbidity. One recent concept, bringing together upper- and lower-airway allergic diseases with skin, gut, and neuropsychiatric multimorbidities, is the “Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis.” This review determined that the “one-airway-one-disease” concept does not always hold true and that several phenotypes of disease can be defined. These phenotypes include an extreme “allergic” (asthma) phenotype combining asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio