Artificial Intelligence and Dialysis

Contemporary medical science heavily relies on the use of technology. Part of this technology strives to im- prove examination and measurement of the human body, with some of the most impressive technical breakthroughs to be found in the development of non-invasive proce- dures. Another part focuses on the development of de- vices that support therapies for specific pathologies. An example of this is the artificial kidney, which has become the target of intensive research from many directions and generates great expectations for dialysis patients. Re- search on the artificial kidney is still incipient though, and there are many challenges that must be overcome before it will become a reality and part of clinical practice in ne- phrology. One of these non-trivial challenges concerns the safety of users of these new dialysis devices. Safety risks make effective monitoring systems mandatory

Interpretando la sociedad del conocimiento desde una perspectiva histórica de las sociedades humanas

Today there is much talk of knowledge societies as an opportunity to advance to a new societal stage, but has it been or is it possible a society knowledge? Through a historical analysis of passages of social evolution, we respond that the accumulation of knowledge in the human process has been a predominant factor to forge an inequality needed to support privileges since the days of antiquity. This has produced kleptocrats companies have designed complex organizational models, centralized in living with privileges a few at the expense of several many; violently subjecting them of its kind in permanent hostages to full service. It is conclusive today that the control of knowledge is and has been the master key to maintaining and expandingthe power to handle wills, supposedly, in perpetuity. In that sense, when speaking of a society knowledge, it concludes in a broad meaning in the access of people to knowledge of the social universe. This is comparable to abolish inequality, which would correspond to think about a possible partnership not yet invented.Hoy se habla mucho de sociedades del conocimiento como una oportunidad para avanzar a una nueva etapa societal, pero, ¿ha habido o es posible una sociedad del conocimiento? A través de un análisis histórico de pasajes de la evolución social, respondemos que la acumulación del conocimiento en el proceso humano ha sido factor predominante de forjar la desigualdad necesaria para fundar privilegios desde los tiempos de la Antigüedad. Esto ha producido sociedades cleptócratas que han diseñado complejos modelos de organización, centralizados en vivir privilegios unos cuantos a costa de varios muchos; sometiendo violentamente a los mismos de su especie en rehenes permanentes a su completo servicio. Es concluyente al día de hoy que el control del conocimiento es y ha sido la llave maestra para mantener y expandir el poder de manejar voluntades, pretendidamente, de manera perpetua. En ese sentido, cuando se habla de una sociedad del conocimiento, concluye en un significado amplio en el acceso de las personas del universo social al conocimiento. Esto es comparable a abolir la desigualdad, lo que correspondería pensar en una posible sociedad todavía no inventada

An exonic switch regulates differential accession of microRNAs to the Cd34 transcript in aterosclerosis progression

Background: CD34+ Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) play an important role in the recovery of injured endothelium and contribute to atherosclerosis (ATH) pathogenesis. Previously we described a potential atherogenic role for miR-125 that we aimed to confirm in this work. Methods: Microarray hybridization, TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) cards, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze expression of the miRNAs, proteins and transcripts here studied. Results: Here we have demonstrated an increase of resident CD34-positive cells in the aortic tissue of human and mice during ATH progression, as well as the presence of clusters of CD34-positive cells in the intima and adventitia of human ATH aortas. We introduce miR-351, which share the seed sequence with miR-125, as a potential effector of CD34. We show a splicing event at an internal/cryptic splice site at exon 8 of the murine Cd34 gene (exonic-switch) that would regulate the differential accession of miRNAs (including miR-125) to the coding region or to the 3'UTR of Cd34. Conclusions: We introduce new potential mediators of ATH progression (CD34 cell-clusters, miR-351), and propose a new mechanism of miRNA action, linked to a cryptic splicing site in the target-host gene, that would regulate the differential accession of miRNAs to their cognate binding sites

ALUminating the Path of Atherosclerosis Progression: Chaos Theory Suggests a Role for Alu Repeats in the Development of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Atherosclerosis (ATH) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are chronic inflammatory diseases with an important genetic background; they derive from the cumulative effect of multiple common risk alleles, most of which are located in genomic noncoding regions. These complex diseases behave as nonlinear dynamical systems that show a high dependence on their initial conditions; thus, long-term predictions of disease progression are unreliable. One likely possibility is that the nonlinear nature of ATH could be dependent on nonlinear correlations in the structure of the human genome. In this review, we show how chaos theory analysis has highlighted genomic regions that have shared specific structural constraints, which could have a role in ATH progression. These regions were shown to be enriched with repetitive sequences of the Alu family, genomic parasites that have colonized the human genome, which show a particular secondary structure and are involved in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we show the impact of Alu elements on the mechanisms that regulate gene expression, especially highlighting the molecular mechanisms via which the Alu elements alter the inflammatory response. We devote special attention to their relationship with the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA); antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL), a risk factor for ATH; their role as microRNA (miRNA) sponges; and their ability to interfere with the regulatory circuitry of the (nuclear factor kappa B) NF-κB response. We aim to characterize ATH as a nonlinear dynamic system, in which small initial alterations in the expression of a number of repetitive elements are somehow amplified to reach phenotypic significance

Unveiling ncRNA regulatory axes in atherosclerosis progression

Completion of the human genome sequencing project highlighted the richness of the cellular RNA world, and opened the door to the discovery of a plethora of short and long non-coding RNAs (the dark transcriptome) with regulatory or structural potential, which shifted the balance of pathological gene alterations from coding to non-coding RNAs. Thus, disease risk assessment currently has to also evaluate the expression of new RNAs such as small micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), retrogressed elements, 3'UTRs of mRNAs, etc. We are interested in the pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis (ATH) progression in patients suffering Chronic Kidney Disease, and in this review, we will focus in the role of the dark transcriptome (non-coding RNAs) in ATH progression. We will focus in miRNAs and in the formation of regulatory axes or networks with their mRNA targets and with the lncRNAs that function as miRNA sponges or competitive inhibitors of miRNA activity. In this sense, we will pay special attention to retrogressed genomic elements, such as processed pseudogenes and Alu repeated elements, that have been recently seen to also function as miRNA sponges, as well as to the use or miRNA derivatives in gene silencing, anti-ATH therapies. Along the review, we will discuss technical developments associated to research in lncRNAs, from sequencing technologies to databases, repositories and algorithms to predict miRNA targets, as well as new approaches to miRNA function, such as integrative or enrichment analysis and their potential to unveil RNA regulatory networks

La enseñanza del Derecho constitucional ante el proceso de Bolonia: Innovación educativa en Derecho constitucional 2.0

433 p. Libro electróncoEsta aportación se realiza en el marco del proyecto MICINN (2010-2012), “Las libertades informativas en el contexto de la web 2.0 y las redes sociales: redefinición, garantías y límites” (DER2009-14519-C05-01, subprograma JURI), del que Lorenzo Cotino es investigador principal. Asimismo, en el marco de los siguientes proyectos de innovación educativa de la Universidad de Valencia: Grupo Consolidado de Innovación Educativa, "Innovación docente en derechos fundamentales" (Dir. Lorenzo Cotino, 2010); Proyecto subprograma DocInvest "Materiales docentes sobre derechos y libertades en internet" (Dir. Lorenzo Cotino, 2010); Proyecto subprograma DocInvest "Consolidación de las acciones de innovación educativa en las fuentes del Derecho" (Dir. Göran Rollnert, 2010) y Grupo Consolidado de Innovación Docente (GCID), “Fuentes del Derecho” 2009-2010

General anesthesia for oral and dental care in paediatric patients with special needs : a systematic review

Background: The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the characteristics, needs and current situation of dental care for pediatric patients with special needs. Material and Methods: An exhaustive search for literature published until June 1, 2020. It was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and EBSCO, with the following keywords: Oral Surgical Procedures and Dentistry, Operational and Anesthesia, General Y (Spanish[lang] or English[lang] ) Y (infant[MeSH] Or child[MeSH] Or adolescent[MeSH]). The research was carried out following the PRISMA research methodology. Results: The most common indication for general anesthesia (GA) was tooth decay in 16 studies (6.5-90.8% of patients), followed by lack of cooperation and/or fear of dental professionals performing dental procedures in 8 studies. There is a higher prevalence of treatment in the group of patients with special needs, reaching 87.7% compared to 69.9% in healthy patients. Conclusions: In paediatric patients with special needs the use of GA is increasing, monitoring and preventive care are insufficient and withdrawal rates are high

IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE LA VARIACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES DE LA CONCESIÓN DE LA AP-7 EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA A PARTIR DEL AÑO 2020

[ES] La autopista AP-7 forma parte del corredor viario del mediterráneo, uno de los grandes corredores de la Unión Europea, y comunica Francia con Algeciras. En la actualidad, gran parte de la misma dentro de la Comunidad Valenciana se encuentra en régimen de concesión, que se extingue a finales de 2019. Esta situación futura creará un impacto económico en dicho territorio que merece ser estudiado desde el punto de vista técnico. Para ello, se realiza un estudio del tráfico actual y una prognosis hasta el año 2040, donde se plantean diferentes escenarios basados en las transferencias del tráfico hacia la AP-7 desde ejes paralelos según el coste del peaje. Se divide la autopista en dos tramos bien diferenciados, uno norte que va desde el límte de Castellón a Sagunto, y otro sur desde Algemesí hasta El Campello. Además, se tienen en cuenta las actuaciones que pretenden llevarse a cabo en las carreteras afectadas según el plan de inversión estatal PITVI. Para poder comparar los diferentes escenarios propuestos se plantea la creación de un ratio, definiéndose así el ‘ratio específico’ que compara económicamente las vías a través de la movilidad de vehículos que se experimenta en cada carretera por unidad de longitud, frente a los costes que conlleva su explotación (peaje), conservación e inversión de las nuevas actuaciones previstas. Al final se obtienen las conclusiones que ayuden a las administraciones afectadas sobre la decisión a tomar en la renovación o no de la concesión de la AP-7 a partir del año 2020.Pérez Zamora, J.; Carrera Hueso, MAS. (2016). IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE LA VARIACIÓN DE LAS CONDICIONES DE LA CONCESIÓN DE LA AP-7 EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA A PARTIR DEL AÑO 2020. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 318-328. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3406OCS31832

Treatment for severe COVID-19 with a biomimetic sorbent haemoperfusion device in patients on haemodialysis

Haemodialysis (HD) patients present more morbidity and mortality risk in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In patients who may develop severe symptoms, the process called 'viral sepsis' seems to be a crucial mechanism. In those cases, the HD procedure provides an excellent tool to explore the benefit of some extracorporeal therapies. We reported the outcome of four HD patients with severe COVID-19 treated with Seraph®100 haemoperfusion (HP) device. Three of the four cases presented a good clinical response after HP. In conclusion, the treatment with Seraph®100 device may be a simultaneous treatment to improve HD patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Interactions between 2,4-bis-pteridine-1,5-benzodiazepine and group 12 dihalides: synthesis, spectral and XRD structural studies and theoretical calculations

2,4-Bis(1,3,7-trimethyl-pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione-6-yl)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine (DLMBZD) has been prepared and its molecular and crystal structures have been determined from spectral and XRD data. The benzodiazepine ligand was reacted with zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II) chloride, bromide and iodide to give complexes with general formula [M(DLMBZD)X2]. The complexes have been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The structure of seven complexes has been obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In all the cases, the metal is (2 + 2 + 1)-five-coordinated by two halide ligands, two nitrogen atoms from pyrazine and diazepine rings and a carbonyl oxygen from a pteridine ring. The coordinated-metal environment is a square-based pyramid, with increasing trigonality from Hg(II) to Zn(II) complexes. To coordinate the metals, the ligand folds itself, establishing four intramolecular σ–π interactions with the pyrimidine and pyrazine rings. A topological analysis of the electron density using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules and the complexes stability has been performed.Supported by the University of Jaén (Plan de Apoyo a la Investigación, al Desarrollo Tecnológico y a la Innovación), Junta de Andalucía (PAIDI groups FQM195, FQM273 and FQM337) and the State Secretariat for Research, Development and Innovation of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (Project “Red de Excelencia MetalBio”, CTQ2015-71211-REDT)