Optimal education and pensions in an endogenous growth model

It is well known that, in OLG economies with life-cycle saving and exogenous growth, competitive equilibria will in general fail to achieve optimality and may even be dynamically inefficient. This is a consequence of individuals accumulating amounts of physical capital that differ from the level which would maximize welfare along a balanced growth path (the Golden Rule). With human capital, a second potential source of departure from optimality arises, to wit: individuals may not choose the correct amount of education investment. However, the Golden Rule concept, widely used in exogenous growth frameworks, has not found its way into endogenous growth models. In this paper, we propose to recover the Golden Rule of physical and also human capital accumulation. The optimal policy to decentralize the Golden Rule balanced growth path when there are no constraints for individuals to finance their education investments is also characterized. It is shown that it involves positive pensions and negative education subsidies (i.e., taxes)endogenous growth, human capital, intergenerational transfers, education policy

On welfare criteria and optimality in an endogenous growth model

In this paper we explore the consequences for optimality of a social planner adopting two different welfare criteria. The framework of analysis is an OLG model with physical and human capital. We first show that, when the SWF is a discounted sum of individual utilities defined over consumption per unit of natural labour, the precise cardinalization of the individual utility function becomes crucial for the characterization of the social optimum. Also, decentralizing the social optimum requires an education subsidy. In contrast, when the SWF is a discounted sum of individual utilities defined over consumption per unit of efficient labour, the precise cardinalization of preferences becomes irrelevant. More strikingly, along the optimal growth path, education should be taxed.endogenous growth, human capital, intergenerational transfers, education policy

Non-monotonic entanglement of physical EM field states in non-inertial frames

We develop a general technique to analyse the quantum effects of acceleration on realistic spatially-localised electromagnetic field states entangled in the polarization degree of freedom. We show that for this setting, quantum entanglement may build up as the acceleration increases, providing a clear signature of the quantum effects of relativistic acceleration.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Optimal education and pensions in an endogenous growth model

In OLG economies with life-cycle saving and exogenous growth, competitive equilibria in general fail to achieve optimality because individuals accumulate amounts of physical capital that differ from the one that maximizes welfare along a balanced growth path (the Golden Rule). With human capital, a second potential source of departure from optimality arises, related to education decisions. We propose to recover the Golden Rule of physical and also human capital accumulation. We characterize the optimal policy to decentralize the Golden Rule balanced growth path when there are no constraints for individuals to finance their education investments, and show that it involves education taxes. Also, when the government subsidizes the repayment of education loans, optimal pensions are positive

La Fortaleza de Altea

[EN] At the end of the 16th century the Vice-Chancellor Frigola, in communication with the Valencian Councils, proposed to build a new fortress in a uncertain place next to the Castle of Bellaguarda-Altea. He ordered the study three experienced engineers and architects: Cristobal Antonelli, Fray Carmelo and Pedro de Valencia. They advised him to build a castle, several bastions and a farm house for the new village of Altea. These facilities allowed securing the place for the coast and facilitate the economic development of the Valley of Algar. The fortress, walled enclosure, bastions and castle were intervened by the Crown through the letter of refunding; These actions allowed the increment of the population and economic development. This new city, located in a remote area, was one of the most populous towns in the kingdom. The castle is a unknown fortress, elegantly drawn by Francisco Ricaud in 1740, it preserves urban traces and currently it is recognizable the wall and two doors. The value of the fortress is one of the most interesting parts of the Mediterranean WesternRey Aynat, JMD. (2015). La Fortaleza de Altea. En Defensive architecture of the mediterranean: XV to XVIII centuries. Vol. II. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 103-110. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1728OCS10311

Comedia nueva joco-seria en tres actos, Caprichos de amor y zelos / por Fermin del Rey

Precede al tít. "N. 4"Datos de imp. obtenidos del colofónTexto 2 col

Intervención en el Castillo de Biar. Consolidación de una ruina como alternativa posibilista en la defensa del patrimonio

[EN] Consolidation of ruin and didactic recovery of the castle's profile dominating the landscape. Almohad fortress that should have been recorded at the beginning of the powerful existing tower, surrounded by a protective wall with adarve, all on steep rocks. The fortress is transformed over time, being in service as a defense between Muslim Spain and Christian Spain in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, to later, be a point of friction between the Kingdoms of Castilla and Aragón, remaining active until the mid-sixteenth century, with an intervention in the nineteenth century during the Carlist wars. Is located on the top of a hill at 745 m altitude, next to the town. The orography marks a deep slope to the northeast, more than 100 m high, while to the west, falling towards the population, the slope is smoother. Because of its situation, the castle has a very important visual impact, so landscape considerations acquire a special meaning. The intervention is partial on the second walled enclosure and in total ruin, proposing an eloquent restoration that allows to approach its complex history and the construction techniques used, within a strong economy of means in the project and subsequent maintenance. We can restore the image of the courtyard, its spatiality and know the remains of existing buildings. Both, the remnants emptying of crashes, and the restoration of the traces of the internal walls, the various heights of the walls and their guard steps, allow us to understand the whole along the time. The undoubted visual and landscape interest of Biar Castle is a relevant aspect of the intervention.Del Rey, M.; Gallud Martínez, A. (2020). Intervención en el Castillo de Biar. Consolidación de una ruina como alternativa posibilista en la defensa del patrimonio. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1367-1374. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11352OCS1367137

A tower in the wall of Biar. Consolidation and recovery of an urban image

[EN] The wall of Biar goes around the historical part of the city and connects it with the castle at the top of the hill. This urban wall was comprised by the city wall and a walk wall, which were protected by a battlement and a series of towers. Currently, the urban wall has been swallowed by changes in the area. Internal edifications to the city wall have progressively taken over the wall and, in its outside part, an area as wide as the towers has been occupied, which has eventually set up the front part of Torreta street. The Tower of Jesus is part of this defensive set that nowadays is almost invisible. Before its restoration, the tower was in an unfortunate state of abandonment and deterioration. Large cracks in its masonry warned of its immediate collapse. After its defensive use, it was transformed and joined to more modern neighboring buildings. Removed walls, deformed gaps and variations in the roof concealed its past as it went unnoticed and passed as another house on the street. Only the traces in its walls exposed its history. The intervention process for its recovery began with a thorough, formal, dimensional and technical study, to subsequently propose its restoration and the choice of contiguous elements that had to be eliminated to show a recognizable set. Also, a new way of walking and using it was put forward. During the intervention, several objectives were considered. In addition to the most obvious ones, such as the structural consolidation that would prevent its eventual collapse, recovering its historical image and showing the key facts that would lead to interpreting its past and discovering its secrets. Besides describing in detail the restoration process in its entirety, this text aims to present the issues that were raised during the intervention and to consider those reasons behind all the decisions that were made.Del Rey, M.; Gallud, A.; Bronchales, S. (2020). Una torre en la muralla de Biar. Consolidación y recuperación de una imagen urbana. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1375-1382. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11353OCS1375138

CDAPubMed: a browser extension to retrieve EHR-based biomedical literature

Over the last few decades, the ever-increasing output of scientific publications has led to new challenges to keep up to date with the literature. In the biomedical area, this growth has introduced new requirements for professionals, e.g., physicians, who have to locate the exact papers that they need for their clinical and research work amongst a huge number of publications. Against this backdrop, novel information retrieval methods are even more necessary. While web search engines are widespread in many areas, facilitating access to all kinds of information, additional tools are required to automatically link information retrieved from these engines to specific biomedical applications. In the case of clinical environments, this also means considering aspects such as patient data security and confidentiality or structured contents, e.g., electronic health records (EHRs). In this scenario, we have developed a new tool to facilitate query building to retrieve scientific literature related to EHRs. Results: We have developed CDAPubMed, an open-source web browser extension to integrate EHR features in biomedical literature retrieval approaches. Clinical users can use CDAPubMed to: (i) load patient clinical documents, i.e., EHRs based on the Health Level 7-Clinical Document Architecture Standard (HL7-CDA), (ii) identify relevant terms for scientific literature search in these documents, i.e., Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), automatically driven by the CDAPubMed configuration, which advanced users can optimize to adapt to each specific situation, and (iii) generate and launch literature search queries to a major search engine, i.e., PubMed, to retrieve citations related to the EHR under examination. Conclusions: CDAPubMed is a platform-independent tool designed to facilitate literature searching using keywords contained in specific EHRs. CDAPubMed is visually integrated, as an extension of a widespread web browser, within the standard PubMed interface. It has been tested on a public dataset of HL7-CDA documents, returning significantly fewer citations since queries are focused on characteristics identified within the EHR. For instance, compared with more than 200,000 citations retrieved by breast neoplasm, fewer than ten citations were retrieved when ten patient features were added using CDAPubMed. This is an open source tool that can be freely used for non-profit purposes and integrated with other existing systems