Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Promiscuous Lipase-Catalysed Aldol Reactions

Financial support to this work was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MEC) (CTQ2013-44153-P) and the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (FC-15- GRUPIN14-002). The authors thank Novo Nordisk Co., Denmark for the generous gift of CAL-B (Novozyme 435). D. G.-M. thanks the Fundación para el fomento en Asturias de la investigación científica aplicada y tecnología (FICYT) for a predoctoral fellowship

But-2-ene-1,4-diamine and But-2-ene-1,4-diol as Donors for Thermodynamically Favored Transaminase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Processes

Financial support from MICINN (Project CTQ2013- 44153-P) and the Principado de Asturias (Project FC-15-GRUPIN14-002

«Han canonizado a cuatro españoles y un santo». La propuesta hagiográfica del oratoriano Felipe Neri entre «el esplendor de Iberia» y «la gloriosa memoria de Enrique IV»

In 1622 Pope Gregory XV canonized Isidore the Farmer, Teresa of Avila, Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier and Philip Neri. This paper focuses on the history of the canonization process in honor of the founder of the Oratory and, also, on the support that his cause received from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and France. On the other hand, it highlights how a number of decisions (multiple canonization, order of precedence of the saints, papal bull, ceremonial decoration) hinge on a political and diplomatic negotiation carried out by the Pope with the aim of reaching a balance between France and Spain, showing the need to emphasize the «roman» character of those canonizations.En 1622 Gregorio XV canonizó a Isidro labrador, Teresa de Ávila, Ignacio de Loyola, Francisco Javier y Felipe Neri. El presente artículo se centra en la historia del proceso de canonización del fundador de los oratorianos y los apoyos que la causa recibió del ducado de Toscana y de Francia. Por otro lado, se pone de relieve cómo una serie de decisiones (la canonización múltiple, el orden de precedencia de los santos, la bula pontificia, el aparato festivo) dependieron de una negociación política y diplomática llevada adelante por el papa con el objetivo de alcanzar un punto de equilibrio entre Francia y España y, sobre todo, de resaltar el carácter «romano» de aquellas canonizaciones

Lactonization reactions through hydrolase-catalyzed peracid formation. Use of lipases for chemoenzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones.

Lactonization reactions through hydrolase-catalyzed peracid formation. Use of lipases for chemoenzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones.A one-pot chemoenzymatic method has been described for the synthesis of gamma-butyrolactones starting from the corresponding ketones through a Baeyer–Villiger reaction. The approach is based on a lipase-catalyzed perhydrolysis for the formation of peracetic acid, which is the responsible for the ketone oxidation. Optimization studies have been performed in the oxidation of cyclobutanone, finding Candida antarctica lipase type B, ethyl acetate and urea-hydrogen peroxide complex as the best system. The relative ratio of these reagents has also been analyzed in depth. This synthetic approach has been successfully extended to a family of 3-substituted cyclobutanones in high substrate concentration, yielding the corresponding lactones with excellent isolated yields and purities, under mild reaction conditions and after a simple extraction protocol.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN-12-CTQ2011-24237 y CTQ-2013-44153-P) Principado de Asturias (SV-PA-13-ECOEMP-42) Universidad de Oviedo (UNOV-13-EMERG-01