1,205 research outputs found
Infrared excess around nearby RGB stars and Reimers law
(Abridged) The spectral energy distributions of a well-defined sample of 54
RGB stars are constructed, and fitted with the dust radiative transfer model
DUSTY. The central stars are modeled by MARCS model atmospheres. In a first
step, the best-fit MARCS model is derived, determining the effective
temperature. In a second step, models with a finite dust optical depth are
fitted and it is determined whether the reduction in chi2 in such models with
one additional free parameter is statistically significant.
23 stars are found to have a significant infrared excess, which is
interpreted as mass loss. The dust optical depths are translated into mass-loss
rates assuming a typical expansion velocity of 10 km/s and a dust-to-gas ratio
of 0.005.
The mass-loss rates are compared to those derived for luminous stars in
globular clusters, by fitting both the infrared excess, as in the present
paper, and the chromospheric lines. There is excellent agreement between these
values and the mass-loss rates derived from the chromospheric activity. There
is a systematic difference with the literature mass-loss rates derived from
modeling the infrared excess, and this has been traced to technical details on
how the DUSTY radiative transfer model is run.
If the present results are combined with those from modeling the
chromospheric emission lines, we obtain the fits Log Mdot = (1.0 +- 0.3) Log L
+ (-12.0 +- 0.9) and Log Mdot = (0.6 +- 0.2) Log (LR/M) + (-11.9 +- 0.9).
The predictions of these mass-loss rate formula are tested against the RGB
mass loss determination in NGC 6791. Using a scaling factor of (8 +- 5), both
relations can fit this value. That the scaling factor is larger than unity
suggests that the expansion velocity and/or dust-to-gas ratio, or even the dust
opacities, are different from the values adopted.Comment: It was pointed out that the mass used for NGC 6719 is incorrect (its
1.2 and not 1.6 Msol). The numbers in table 6 are correct, but the inference
drawn from it not. The result is that the scaling factors eta_1 and eta_2
become slightly smaller. The conclusions of the paper remain unchanged. This
version has the updated Table 6 and eta's. These changes will appear as an
erratum to the A&A pape
Asteroseismology of Massive Stars : Some Words of Caution
Although playing a key role in the understanding of the supernova phenomenon,
the evolution of massive stars still suffers from uncertainties in their
structure, even during their "quiet" main sequence phase and later on during
their subgiant and helium burning phases. What is the extent of the mixed
central region? In the local mixing length theory (LMLT) frame, are there
structural differences using Schwarzschild or Ledoux convection criterion?
Where are located the convective zone boundaries? Are there intermediate
convection zones during MS and post-MS phase, and what is their extent and
location? We discuss these points and show how asteroseismology could bring
some light on these questions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, IAU Symposium 307, New windows on massive stars:
asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetry, G. Meynet, C.
Georgy, J.H. Groh & Ph. Stee, ed
Instability strips of main sequence B stars: a parametric study of iron enhancement
The discovery of beta Cephei stars in low metallicity environments, as well
as the difficulty to theoretically explain the excitation of the pulsation
modes observed in some beta Cephei and SPB stars, suggest that the iron opacity
``bump'' provided by standard models could be underestimated. We investigate,
by means of a parametric study, the effect of a local iron enhancement on the
location of the beta Cephei and SPB instability strips.Comment: 2 pages, to appear in the proceedings of "Vienna Workshop on the
Future of Asteroseismology", September 20-22, 200
Instability strips of SPB and beta Cephei stars: the effect of the updated OP opacities and of the metal mixture
The discovery of Cephei stars in low metallicity environments, as
well as the difficulty in theoretically explaining the excitation of the
pulsation modes observed in some Cephei and hybrid SPB- Cephei
pulsators, suggest that the ``iron opacity bump'' provided by stellar models
could be underestimated. We analyze the effect of uncertainties in the opacity
computations and in the solar metal mixture, on the excitation of pulsation
modes in B-type stars. We carry out a pulsational stability analysis for four
grids of main-sequence models with masses between 2.5 and 12
computed with OPAL and OP opacity tables and two different metal mixtures.
We find that in a typical Cephei model the OP opacity is 25% larger
than OPAL in the region where the driving of pulsation modes occurs.
Furthermore, the difference in the Fe mass fraction between the two metal
mixtures considered is of the order of 20%. The implication on the excitation
of pulsation modes is non-negligible: the blue border of the SPB instability
strip is displaced at higher effective temperatures, leading to a larger number
of models being hybrid SPB- Cephei pulsators. Moreover, higher overtone
p-modes are excited in Cephei models and unstable modes are found in a
larger number of models for lower metallicities, in particular Cephei
pulsations are also found in models with Z=0.01.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
Theoretical seismic properties of pre-main sequence gamma Doradus pulsators
Context. gamma Doradus (gamma Dor) are late A and F-type stars pulsating with
high order gravity modes (g-modes). The existence of different evolutionary
phases crossing the gamma Dor instability strip raises the question of the
existence of pre-main sequence (PMS) gamma Dor stars. Aims. We intend to study
the differences between the asteroseismic behaviour of PMS and main sequence
(MS) gamma Dor pulsators as it is predicted by the current theory of stellar
evolution and stability. Methods. We explore the adiabatic and non-adiabatic
properties of high order g-modes in a grid of PMS and MS models covering the
mass range 1.2 Msun < Mstar < 2.5 Msun. Results. We derive the theoretical
instability strip (IS) for the PMS gamma Dor pulsators. This IS covers the same
effective temperature range as the MS gamma Dor one. Nevertheless, the
frequency domain of unstable modes in PMS models with a fully radiative core is
larger than in MS models, even if they present the same number of unstable
modes. Moreover, the differences between MS and PMS internal structures are
reflected on the average values of the period spacing as well as on the
dependence of the period spacing on the radial order of the modes, opening the
window to the determination of the evolutionary phase of gamma Dor stars from
their pulsation spectra.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Driving and damping mechanisms in hybrid pressure-gravity modes pulsators
We study the energetic aspects of hybrid pressure-gravity modes pulsations.
The case of hybrid beta Cephei-SPB pulsators is considered with special
attention. In addition to the already known sensitivity of the driving
mechanism to the heavy elements mixture (mainly the iron abundance), we show
that the characteristics of the propagation and evanescent regions play also a
major role, determining the extension of the stable gap in the frequency domain
between the unstable low order pressure and high order gravity modes. Finally,
we consider the case of hybrid delta Sct-gamma Dor pulsators.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, in the proceedings of the Helas II Conference:
"Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections", Goettingen, August
200
Can an underestimation of opacity explain B-type pulsators in the SMC?
Slowly Pulsating B and Cephei are mechanism driven pulsating
B stars. That mechanism works since a peak in the opacity due to a
high number of atomic transitions from iron-group elements occurs in the area
of . Theoretical results predict very few SPBs and no
Cep to be encountered in low metallicity environments such as the Small
Magellanic Cloud. However recent variability surveys of B stars in the SMC
reported the detection of a significant number of SPB and Cep
candidates. Though the iron content plays a major role in the excitation of
Cep and SPB pulsations, the chemical mixture representative of the SMC
B stars such as recently derived does not leave room for a significant increase
of the iron abundance in these stars. Whilst abundance of iron-group elements
seems reliable, is the opacity in the iron-group elements bump underestimated?
We determine how the opacity profile in B-type stars should change to excite
SPB and Cep pulsations in early-type stars of the SMC.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, to appear under electronic form in : Proceedings
of the 4th HELAS International Conference: Seismological Challenges for
Stellar Structur
REPRESENTATION OF DAM-BREACH GEOMETRY ON AREGULAR 2-D MESH USING QUADTREE LOCAL MESHREFINEMENT
River hydrodynamicsUnsteady open channel flow and dam brea
Representation of dam-breach geometry on a regular 2-D mesh using quadtree local mesh refinement
River hydrodynamicsUnsteady open channel flow and dam brea
- …