Understanding X ray Photoelectron Spectra of Ionic Liquids Experiments and Simulations of 1 Butyl 3 methylimidazolium Thiocyanate

We demonstrate a combined experimental and computational approach to probe the electronic structure and atomic environment of an ionic liquid, based on core level binding energies. The 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium thiocyanate [C4C1Im][SCN] ionic liquid was studied using ab initio molecular dynamics, and results were compared against previously published and new experimental X ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS data. The long held assumption that initial state effects in XPS dominate the measured binding energies is proven correct, which validates the established premise that the ground state electronic structure of the ionic liquid can be inferred directly from XPS measurements. A regression model based upon site electrostatic potentials and intramolecular bond lengths is shown to account accurately for variations in core level binding energies within the ionic liquid, demonstrating the important effect of long range interactions on the core levels and throwing into question the validity of traditional single ion pair ionic liquid calculations for interpreting XPS dat

SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS CLINICAL DISORDERS

Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in 329 normal children and 185 individuals with endocrinological abnormalities or variations of development. A significant increase of gonadotrophins is noted at the onset of puberty among the boys and at menarche for girls. The values are compared with serum concentrations of LH and FSH in children with abnormalities of sexual development, pituitary malfunction as well as other clinical abnormalities. Comparable levels for age and stage of development were found for premature thelarche, premature adrenarche, cryptorchidism, male pseudohermaphroditism and pubertal gynaecomastia. Hypogonadal individuals (Klinefelter's and Turner's syndrome, pure ovarian dysgenesis and testicular dysgenesis) have markedly elevated values while those with pituitary hypofunction had low values. Patients with sexual prococity tended to have elevated concentrations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73601/1/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00427.x.pd

Mapping social work across 10 countries: Structure, intervention, identity and challenges

An emerging global consciousness and rising attention given to international social work development has seen the recognition of comparative research within the profession. Understanding the functioning and organisation of social work within various country contexts is critical in order to formulate knowledge around its overall impact, successes and challenges, allowing social workers to learn from one another and build professional consolidation. The profession is mapped out in 10 countries, reflecting on its structure, identity and development. Although the profession is developing globally, it is also experiencing significant challenges. Key insights, conclusions and recommendations for future research are presented

IMG 305 - PEMBUNGKUSAN MAKANAN NOV.05.

We discuss the use of Agent-based Modelling for the development and testing of theories about emergent social phenomena in marketing and the social sciences in general. We address both theoretical aspects about the types of phenomena that are suitably addressed with this approach and practical guidelines to help plan and structure the development of a theory about the causes of such a phenomenon in conjunction with a matching ABM. We argue that research about complex social phenomena is still largely fundamental research and therefore an iterative and cyclical development process of both theory and model is to be expected. To better anticipate and manage this process, we provide theoretical and practical guidelines. These may help to identify and structure the domain of candidate explanations for a social phenomenon, and furthermore assist the process of model implementation and subsequent development. The main goal of this paper was to make research on complex social systems more accessible and help anticipate and structure the research process

Electron tomography of heterogeneous catalysts

EMAG conferences are biennial events organised by the Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group of the Institute of Physics. The aim of the EMAG conference series is to provide a forum for discussion of the latest developments in instrumentation, techniques and applications of electron and scanning probe microscopies. EMAG 2003, the latest conference in this series, was held at the University of Oxford in September 2003. Electron microscopy is now a mainstay characterisation tool for solid state physicists and chemists as well as materials scientists. This volume is intended as a reference covering current developments in this field mainly in the UK but also further afield

Reliability of salivary testosterone measurements: a multicenter evaluation.

Contains fulltext : 21028___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access

High-performance nanocatalysts for single-step hydrogenations

This article discusses the usage of nanoporous silica support for anchoring bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts, which display high activity and selectivity in single-step hydrogenation reactions. Research reveals that the methodology is applicable to other solids possessing nanopores in the range of 3-30 nanometers, such as carbon nanoporous arrays for dispersing platinum nanoparticle