Indexing \u27Entrustment\u27: An Analysis of the Japanese Formulaic Construction [N da yo N]

Japanese conversations are known to contain a large amount of unexpressed information. When a speaker speaks with elliptical information, he or she assumes that the addressee will understand what is not overtly expressed based on the knowledge that is supposed to be shared textually, personally or culturally. The addressee, on the other hand, must determine what is not being expressed overtly using such shared knowledge. At the heart of this kind of communication is the existence of trust assumed among the interlocutors. Using the term \u27entrustment\u27, we will examine how one particular Japanese formulaic construction, [Noun (da) yo Noun ], \u27It\u27s Noun, you know, Noun\u27, indexes mutual trust to manage conversational interaction. We will argue that this meta-pragmatic awareness needs to be recognized beyond surface interactional patterns identified in conversation

Patients living with chronic non-cancer pain receiving opioid therapy in Japan: a grounded theory study

Through an examination of personal narratives, we sought to elucidate the experiences of people receiving chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. The participants were 34 adult volunteer outpatients treated in pain clinics. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The participants described their daily life experiences of chronic pain and opioid therapy. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained. Six categories were extracted:“Barriers to living with chronic pain,”“Facing injustice or extreme chronic pain and catastrophizing,”“Making an attempt to improve one’s condition,”“Ambivalence about medical treatment,”“Finding a compromise while living with chronic pain,”and“Regaining a life.”These findings expand our understanding of Japanese patients with chronic non-cancer pain who receive opioid treatment and how they cope in their daily lives

オヤコ ノ セイ オ ササエル : ホイクショ ニオケル コドモ ギャクタイ エノ シエン

In recent years, day-care centers are expected not only to care for children, but also to play a role in providing child-raising support to parents. Providing parent-child support means caring for the parent and child, or in other words, supporting the parent and child in their "lives". This care requires a respect for the individuality of those concerned, sustained care, and a clear focus of work duties on personal relationships. Parent-child support provided by day-care centers utilizes an empowerment model predicated on maintaining the family. This is a method of social work in which assistance is given that encourages family members to use their own strengths. Day-care centers provide this assistance in the form of childcare to the children, and in the form of child-raising support to the parents. It became clear that describing "abuse", escape from isolation, and the approach of the assisting person are important elements for assistance provided to the parents. Nursery teachers who provide support require bothsupport from a supervisor and psychological support themselves. A future issue is expected to be the construction of a follow-up system which allows continued support after a child graduates from day-care center

A stress-reduced passaging technique improves the viability of human pluripotent cells

Xeno-free culture systems have expanded the clinical and industrial application of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, reproducibility issues, often arising from variability during passaging steps, remain. Here, we describe an improved method for the subculture of human PSCs. The revised method significantly enhances the viability of human PSCs by lowering DNA damage and apoptosis, resulting in more efficient and reproducible downstream applications such as gene editing and directed differentiation. Furthermore, the method does not alter PSC characteristics after long-term culture and attenuates the growth advantage of abnormal subpopulations. This robust passaging method minimizes experimental error and reduces the rate of PSCs failing quality control of human PSC research and application

Effects of self-efficacy on oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students aged 18- or 19-years-old

Aim Although self-efficacy is known to affect various health-related practises, few studies have clearly examined how self-efficacy correlates with oral health behaviors or the oral health condition. We examined the relationship between gingivitis, oral health behaviors and self-efficacy in university students. Material & Methods A total of 2,111 students (1,197 males, 914 females) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. The degree of gingivitis was expressed as the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information was collected via a questionnaire regarding oral health behaviors (daily frequency of tooth-brushing, use of dental floss and regular check-up). Self-efficacy was assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS). Path analysis was used to test pathways from self-efficacy to oral health behaviors and %BOP. Results In the final structural model, self-efficacies were related to each other, and they affected oral health behaviors. Good oral health behaviors reduced dental plaque and calculus, and lower levels of dental plaque and calculus resulted in lower %BOP. Conclusion Higher self-efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students. Improving self-efficacy may be beneficial for maintaining good gingival health in university students. To prevent gingivitis, the approach of enhancing self-efficacy in university students would be useful

Ripple Effects of a Minority Leadership Training Program: Beyond its target

Chair: Michiko Iwasaki, Ph.D. ([email protected]) – Loyola University Maryland Discussant: Y. Barry Chung, Ph.D. ([email protected]) – Indiana University The APA Commission of Ethnic Minority Recruitment, Retention, and Training in Psychology (2008) pointed out the underrepresentation of minorities in the field of psychology, particularly in leadership positions. In response to the shortage of minority leaders, the Council of National Psychological Associations for the Advancement of Ethnic Minority Interests (CNPAAEMI) initiated a Leadership Development Institute (LDI) in 2012. The major purpose of the LDI was to foster and nurture ongoing leadership development among early career ethnic minority psychologists. This symposium addresses the ripple effects of this leadership development program. Although the LDI aimed to foster leadership development among a cohort of six early-career ethnic minority professionals, the training program had ripple effects that extended well beyond its primary purpose. This symposium draws from a collaborative project – interviewing ethnic minority leaders in psychology – initiated by the LDI fellows that provided unanticipated learning opportunities for both the fellows and students assisting the project. The first presentation, led by a LDI fellow, will delineate the LDI mechanism and discusses the importance of connecting in-group and out-group members in minority leadership. The second presentation, led by racial minority graduate students, will emphasize the significance of empowerment and presence of role models when considering the pipeline of minority leadership development. The final presentation, led by White minority graduate and undergraduate students, will discuss the nature of White privilege at academic institutions as well as their own personal growth. This symposium targets the following sub-themes of the 2014 Counseling Psychology Conference: training context and domestic/international diversity. A past president of the Society of Counseling Psychology will be a discussant. This symposium offers valuable information regarding leadership training mechanisms in order to enhance cultural sensitivity among all individuals in the psychology field regardless of their color, sexual orientation, or professional/academic levels

ホイクシャ ノ ゲンショク ケンシュウ ト ダイガクイン キョウイク

2004年4月現在,本学が開設した昼夜開講制大学院に入学した保育所保育士および幼稚園教諭は15名となった。1期生である修了生7名を対象にインタビュー調査を,昼夜開講制修了・在学生全15名を対象にアンケート調査を実施した。その結果, 1)有効回答者11名は,大学院進学の目的によって,「研究志向型」,「実践改良型」,「チャレンジ志向型」の3類型に分けられ,大学院教育への満足度や得たものに違いがあることがわかった。2)大学院教育が現職保育者の研修の場として機能するには,(1)実生活の具体から出発し,具体の要素に見られる根源的要因の共通性に気付かせるような実践と理論を融合した授業,(2)研修とは異なる大学教員の専門性に基づく系統だった授業,が不可欠であることが理解された。Currently as of April 2004, 15 persons have enrolled in the day-and-night graduate programs for nursery teachers and kindergarten teachers at this university. We conducted an interview survey of 7 graduates who had enrolled in the first year that this course was offered, and a questionnaire survey of all 15 students who were enrolled or had completed the day-and-night graduate program. The results from these surveys showed the following. (1) of the 11 valid respondents, the students were classified into three groups depending on whether each student\u27s goal for graduate school study was research focus, practical improvement focus, or challenge-minded focus. It was found that the degree of satisfaction with the graduate school education, and the perceived results achieved from it, varied among these three groups. (2) The following were determined to be essential in order for a graduate school education to function as training for active teachers: (A) Courses which begin from the real world of practical living and combine practice and theory aimed at allowing the students to identify connections between fundamental factors which are present in real-world elements, and (B) Systematic courses which are based on the specific disciplines of the university professors and which are different from professional training.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

コウクウ ガク ガンメン アクセイ シュヨウ ノ エンカク テンイ ヒョウカ ニオケル クカンブ CT ケンサ ノ イチズケ

Abdominal CT examinations for the scouting of distant metastasis (DM) of orofacial malignant tumors were retrospectively evaluated, for the purpose of establishing the standard way of examination. Out of 159 patients with oral malignancies, 247 abdominal CT examinations were performed for the purpose of scouting DM. During the examination, intravenous contrast enhancement (CE) was performed in 166 examinations. DM were detected in 13 patients (8.2%). DM were found in 6 at administration, and 8 were late DM. Nine DM were detected out of 166 (5.4%) examinations with CE, and 5 were detected out of 81 (6.2%) examinations without CE. In detecting the DM, no improvement was found by CE. DM attacked lungs in 13, mediastinum in 3, liver in 2, paraaortic lymph nodes in 1, chest wall in 1, and vertebra in 1. Only 2 patients with DM were free from cervical metastasis, and the remainder was combined with cervical metastasis, regardless the status of the primary sites. Conclusions: Abdominal CT was useful for detecting DM. Intravenous CE was not necessary for scouting the DM. Patients with cervical metastasis had a high potential for developing DM

Higher Expression of Activation-induced Cytidine Deaminase Is Significantly Associated with Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-negative Merkel Cell Carcinomas

[Background] Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), clinically aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancers, are divided into Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-positive and-negative tumors, which show different clinicopathological features and may develop through different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Aberrant expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) as a genomic modulator was demonstrated through pathogen-related NF-κB signal in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-1), hepatoma(HCV), and Burkitt lymphoma (EBV). [Methods] To elucidate the relation of aberrant AID expression in MCPyV-positive and -negative MCCs, we evaluated immunohistochemical expressions of AID and AID-regulating factors between 24 MCPyV-positive and 17 MCPyV-negative MCCs. [Results] AID expression was significantly higher in MCPyV-negative MCCs than MCPyV-positive ones (P = 0.026), although expression of NF-κB p65 (phospho S536) (AID-enhancer) was significantly higher in MCPyV-positive MCCs than MCPyV-negative ones (P = 0.034). Expressions of PAX5 and c-Myb were not significantly different between these subgroups. Expressions of AID and AID-regulating factors were not correlated to prognosis of MCC patients. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that although pathogen-induced AID expression through upregulationof NF-κB may be relevant to carcinogenesis of MCPyV-positive MCCs, the significantly higher aberrant AID expression in MCPyV-negative MCCs is consistent with the fact that MCPyV-negative MCCs have an extremely extremely higher mutation burden than MCPyV-positive ones