Investigation of Laser Supported Detonation Structure Using Half Self-emission Half Shadowgraph Method

報告番号: ; 学位授与年月日: 2012-03-22 ; 学位の種別: 修士 ; 学位の種類: 修士(科学) ; 学位記番号: 修創域第4180号 ; 研究科・専攻: 新領域創成科学研究科基盤科学研究系先端エネルギー工学専

Comparison of Affordability of Russian and Japanese Housing Markets

This paper shows how the Russian housing market and housing conditions have developed due to privatization and a government-adopted housing policy.First, it compares housing affordability between Russia and Japan. The emergence of a private housing market increased access for the Russian people to housing from the demand side. Therefore, measuring housing affordability represents the development of the housing market in Russia. However, Russia’s rapid development in the private housing market temporally hampered people’s ability to solve it by themselves. At present, Russia suffers from a shortage of quality housing units and affordability to quality housing.From this aspect, Japan remains a step ahead. Japanese housing loans have simultaneously promoted new housing construction and improved living environments. To solve this dual problem in Russia, this paper argues that Russia must introduce a combination of housing loan conditionality with building standards because the two countries have identical problems: the adoption of an effective housing policy under a low birth rate and declining population, and a shortage of quality housing units

Hydroxyl-Assisted trans-Reduction of 1,3-Enynes: Application to the Formal Synthesis of (+)-Aspicilin

1,3-Enynes are hardly amenable to trans-hydrometalation reactions, because they tend to bind the standard ruthenium catalysts too tightly. However, catalysts comprising a [Cp*Ru–Cl] unit allow such compounds to be used, provided they contain an OH group next to the triple bond. This aspect is illustrated by a formal synthesis of the lichen-derived macrolide aspicilin. The required macrocyclic enyne precursor was formed by an efficient ring-closing alkyne metathesis reaction

Catalytic dehydrative peptide synthesis with gem-diboronic acids

Alkane-gem-diboronic acids have emerged as versatile organoboron catalysts for dehydrative amidation of α-amino acids. A phenol-substituted multiboron catalyst with a B–C–B structure outperformed simple arylboronic acids in the condensation of α-amino acids with suppressed epimerization of electrophiles. gem-diboronic acid catalysis were compatible with various O, N, and S-functionalized α-amino acids bearing N-protecting groups including common carbamates used in peptide synthesis (Boc, Cbz, Fmoc). N-trifluoroacetyl protection enabled an unprecedented catalytic dehydrative peptide synthesis at room temperature. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed carboxylate-binding nature of gem-diboronic acids, orthogonal to the activation of carboxylic acids by arylboronic acids. The distinctive reactivity of the gem-diboronic acids would open prospects for mild catalytic peptide condensation

Immigrants’ housing in the housing market in Russia: from the results of sociological questionnaire

The study is based on the results of an original sociological survey conducted in 25 cities of Russia from June 2017 to March 2018 by the author. This paper focuses especially on labour immigrants from Central Asia, Ukraine, Belarus and Caucasus regions into Russia. This paper argues the following points; first, the correlation between the demographic movements and regional rental housing fee in Russia, second, the multi-layered structure and its informality of Russian housing market, finally, the relation between labour migrants’ housing condition and labour productivity. In the conclusion, the author points that the Russian housing market is segregated from this research results. Migrant’s housing deals are possibly the origin or bottom of the housing market. Their activity would move the regional housing rental market. However, some of their deals also seem to be invisible in the official housing statistics, that is to say, taking place in the informal housing market. This regards as one of characters, which Russian rental housing market has. It would be hurdle for foreign direct investor, which would invest into Russian market. In addition, the quality of immigrants’ housing condition is too low to support their labour productivity sustainably. We need to consider the improvement even for labour immigrants and the creation of more open housing market in Russia

Roles of Phosphate in Skeleton

Phosphate is essential for skeletal mineralization, and its chronic deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia. Skeletal mineralization starts in matrix vesicles (MVs) derived from the plasma membrane of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. MVs contain high activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), which hydrolyzes phosphoric esters such as pyrophosphates (PPi) to produce inorganic orthophosphates (Pi). Extracellular Pi in the skeleton is taken up by MVs through type III sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters and forms hydroxyapatite. In addition to its roles in MV-mediated skeletal mineralization, accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular Pi evokes signal transduction and regulates cellular function. Pi induces apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes, which is a critical step for endochondral ossification. Extracellular Pi also regulates the expression of various genes including those related to proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. In vitro cell studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Pi level leads to the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, where the type III Na+/Pi cotransporter PiT-1 may be involved. Responsiveness of skeletal cells to extracellular Pi suggests their ability to sense and adapt to an alteration in Pi availability in their environment. Involvement of FGFR in the Pi-evoked signal transduction is interesting because enhanced FGFR signaling in osteoblasts/osteocytes might be responsible for the overproduction of FGF23, a key molecule in phosphate homeostasis, in a mouse model for human X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH). Impaired Pi sensing may be a pathogenesis of XLH, which needs to be clarified in future

Kinetics of Cr(VI) adsorption on used black tea leaves

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科エコサイクルシステム金沢大学工学部Kinetic investigations were carried out to evaluate the applicability of used black tea leaves (UBTLs) as a low-cost adsorbent to the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The effects of various kinetic parameters were investigated using a batch process. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on UBTLs occurs rapidly in the first day, followed by a slow process that requires more than 10 days to reach its equilibrium. The initial adsorption rate increases with increasing initial concentration of Cr(VI) in the solution and processing temperature. The adsorption kinetics follows Richie\u27s pseudo-second order rate equation better than the Lagergren\u27s pseudo-first order one. The rate constant of the pseudo-second order adsorption is affected by the processing conditions such as the initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH, temperature and foreign ions. The results of the kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on UBTLs is an endothermic process and the activation energy of adsorption is 16.3 kJ mol-1. Copyright © 2005 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Long-term outcomes for Asian patients with X-linked hypophosphataemia : rationale and design of the SUNFLOWER longitudinal, observational cohort study

Introduction X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) is a chronic, debilitating genetic disease characterised by skeletal abnormalities and growth disorder. The burden of XLH begins in childhood and continues throughout life. Conventional medical therapy with phosphate, active vitamin D and surgery do not address the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. While treatment during childhood may improve bone deformity and growth retardation, a large proportion of adult patients still fail to reach normal stature. Furthermore, adult patients with XLH report comorbidities associated with unresolved childhood disease, as well as newly developed disease-related complications and significantly impaired quality of life (QOL). Despite the multiple negative aspects of XLH, Asian consensus statements for diagnosis and management are lacking. Methods and analysis The Study of longitUdinal observatioN For patients with X-Linked hypOphosphataemic rickets/osteomalacia in collaboration With Asian partnERs study is a longitudinal observational cohort study of patients with XLH, designed to determine the medical characteristics and burdens (physical, emotional and financial) of this progressive disease and to evaluate the impact of treatment (including the use of burosumab) on clinical outcomes. The study was initiated in April 2018, and registration will remain open until 30 April 2022. The sample size planned for analyses is 160 patients, consisting of 100 patients in Japan and 60 patients in Korea. Up to 5 years of observation are planned per patient, from enrolment through to April 2023. Prospective and retrospective data will be collected to evaluate variables, including height/growth, rickets severity score, QOL, motor function and biomarkers for phosphate metabolism and bone turnover. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Osaka University, the Ethics Committee of Kyowa Kirin Co and by the Ethics Committee of each participating medical institution. Two interim analyses and associated publications are planned using retrospective and enrolment data at year 1 and results at year 3