A CCD image transducer and processor suitable for space flight

A satellite borne extreme ultraviolet solar telescope makes use of CCD area arrays for both image readout and onboard data processing. The instrument is designed to view the inner solar corona in the wavelength band 170 - 630 A, and the output video stream may be selected by ground command to present the coronal scene, or the time-rate-of-change of the scene. Details of the CCD application to onboard image processing are described, and a discussion of the processor's potential for telemetry bandwidth compression is included. Optical coupling methods, data storage requirements, spatial and temporal resolution, and nonsymmetry of resolution (pitch) in the CCD are discussed

On the General Analytical Solution of the Kinematic Cosserat Equations

Based on a Lie symmetry analysis, we construct a closed form solution to the kinematic part of the (partial differential) Cosserat equations describing the mechanical behavior of elastic rods. The solution depends on two arbitrary analytical vector functions and is analytical everywhere except a certain domain of the independent variables in which one of the arbitrary vector functions satisfies a simple explicitly given algebraic relation. As our main theoretical result, in addition to the construction of the solution, we proof its generality. Based on this observation, a hybrid semi-analytical solver for highly viscous two-way coupled fluid-rod problems is developed which allows for the interactive high-fidelity simulations of flagellated microswimmers as a result of a substantial reduction of the numerical stiffness.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Solwind observations of coronal mass ejections during 1979-1985

Coronal observations have been processed for parts of each year during the interval 1979-1985. Around sunspot maximum, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) occurred at the rate of approximately 2 per day, and had a wide range of physical and morphological properties. During the recent years of relatively low sunspot number, CMEs occurred at the rate of only 0.2 per day, and were dominated by the class of so-called streamer blowout. These special CMEs maintained a nearly constant occurrence rate of roughly 0.1 per day during the entire interval

Associations between coronal mass ejections and interplanetary shocks

Nearly continuous complementary coronal observations and interplanetary plasma measurements for the years 1979-1982 are compared. It is shown that almost all low latitude high speed coronal mass ejections (CME's) were associated with shocks at HELIOS 1. Some suitably directed low speed CME's were clearly associated with shocks while others may have been associated with disturbed plasma (such as NCDE's) without shocks. A few opposite hemisphere CME's associated with great flares seem to be associated with shocks at HELIOS

Structure of hard-hypersphere fluids in odd dimensions

The structural properties of single component fluids of hard hyperspheres in odd space dimensionalities $d$ are studied with an analytical approximation method that generalizes the Rational Function Approximation earlier introduced in the study of hard-sphere fluids [S. B. Yuste and A. Santos, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 43}, 5418 (1991)]. The theory makes use of the exact form of the radial distribution function to first order in density and extends it to finite density by assuming a rational form for a function defined in Laplace space, the coefficients being determined by simple physical requirements. Fourier transform in terms of reverse Bessel polynomials constitute the mathematical framework of this approximation, from which an analytical expression for the static structure factor is obtained. In its most elementary form, the method recovers the solution of the Percus-Yevick closure to the Ornstein-Zernike equation for hyperspheres at odd dimension. The present formalism allows one to go beyond by yielding solutions with thermodynamic consistency between the virial and compressibility routes to any desired equation of state. Excellent agreement with available computer simulation data at $d=5$ and $d=7$ is obtained. As a byproduct of this study, an exact and explicit polynomial expression for the intersection volume of two identical hyperspheres in arbitrary odd dimensions is given.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures; v2: new references added plus minor changes; to be published in PR

Fabrication Of Steaks From Spent Hens

Research at SDSU has demonstrated that meat from spent laying hens (spent fowl) can be utilized in the production of fabricated steaks and/or roasts. Previous studies utilized raw meat from carcasses that were manually deboned. Under commercial deboning, meat that has been precooked is more easily separated from the bone. Precooking reduces the ability for meat to hold together or bind in a processed product. Precooked and raw spent fowl muscles were compared as raw material for the production of fabricated steaks. The objective of this research was to produce from precooked spent fowl muscle a palatable restructured product that will withstand handling, cooking and serving

EIT: Solar corona synoptic observations from SOHO with an Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope

The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) of SOHO (solar and heliospheric observatory) will provide full disk images in emission lines formed at temperatures that map solar structures ranging from the chromospheric network to the hot magnetically confined plasma in the corona. Images in four narrow bandpasses will be obtained using normal incidence multilayered optics deposited on quadrants of a Ritchey-Chretien telescope. The EIT is capable of providing a uniform one arc second resolution over its entire 50 by 50 arc min field of view. Data from the EIT will be extremely valuable for identifying and interpreting the spatial and temperature fine structures of the solar atmosphere. Temporal analysis will provide information on the stability of these structures and identify dynamical processes. EIT images, issued daily, will provide the global corona context for aid in unifying the investigations and in forming the observing plans for SOHO coronal instruments

Anisometric mesoscale nuclear and magnetic texture in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets

By means of temperature and wavelength-dependent small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on sintered isotropic and textured Nd-Fe-B magnets we provide evidence for the existence of an anisometric structure in the microstructure of the textured magnets. This conclusion is reached by observing a characteristic cross-shaped angular anisotropy in the total unpolarized SANS cross section at temperatures well above the Curie temperature. Comparison of the experimental SANS data to a microstructural model based on the superquadrics form factor allows us to estimate the shape and lower bounds for the size of the structure. Subtraction of the scattering cross section in the paramagnetic regime from data taken at room temperature provides the magnetic SANS cross section. Surprisingly, the anisotropy of the magnetic scattering is very similar to the nuclear SANS signal, suggesting that the nuclear structure is decorated by the magnetic moments via spin-orbit coupling. Based on the computation of the two-dimensional correlation function we estimate lower bounds for the longitudinal and transversal magnetic correlation lengths

Deforming glassy polystyrene: Influence of pressure, thermal history, and deformation mode on yielding and hardening

The toughness of a polymer glass is determined by the interplay of yielding, strain softening, and strain hardening. Molecular-dynamics simulations of a typical polymer glass, atactic polystyrene, under the influence of active deformation have been carried out to enlighten these processes. It is observed that the dominant interaction for the yield peak is of interchain nature and for the strain hardening of intrachain nature. A connection is made with the microscopic cage-to-cage motion. It is found that the deformation does not lead to complete erasure of the thermal history but that differences persist at large length scales. Also we find that the strain-hardening modulus increases with increasing external pressure. This new observation cannot be explained by current theories such as the one based on the entanglement picture and the inclusion of this effect will lead to an improvement in constitutive modeling