Following the online trail of veterans and improving clinical PTSD therapy

En la primera parte de esta memoria analizamos r/veterans de Reddit usando LDA para extraer los temas discutidos y analizar el contenido de las publicaciones. En la segunda parte exploramos los problemas con la terapia para PTSD y proponemos un sistema para mejorar las sesiones de terapia grupal

A Role for the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha in Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) Lytic Replication and Reactivation from Latency

The hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) protein and the hypoxic microenvironment are critical for infection and pathogenesis by the oncogenic gammaherpesviruses (γHV) such as Kaposi\u27 Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, understanding the role of HIF1α during the virus life cycle and its biological relevance in the context of host pathogenesis has been challenging due to the lack of animal models for human γ HV. To study the role of HIF1α we employed the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68), a rodent pathogen that readily infects laboratory mice. We show that MHV68 infection induces HIF1α protein and HIF1α-responsive gene expression in permissive cells. Deletion of HIF1α reduces virus production due to a global downregulation of viral gene expression. Most notable was the marked decrease in many viral genes bearing hypoxia regulatory element (HRE) such as viral G-Protein Coupled Receptor (vGPCR), which is known to activate HIF1α transcriptional activity during KSHV infection. Intranasal infection of HIF1αLoxP/LoxP mice with MHV68 expressing Cre-recombinase impaired virus expansion during early acute infection and affected lytic reactivation in the splenocytes explanted from mice. Moreover, low oxygen conditions accelerated lytic reactivation and enhanced virus production in MHV68 infected splenocytes. Thus, we conclude that HIF1α plays a critical role to promote virus replication. Our results highlight the importance of the mutual interactions of the oxygen-sensing machinery and gammaherpesviruses in viral replication and pathogenesis

The educational success in a small province of Ecuador

Exitus: Factores de éxito escolar en la Provincia de Carchi, Ecuador”, Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE), Ecuador. El equipo de investigación está integrado por los PhD: Marielsa López (IP), Silverio González, Marco Vinicio Vázquez, Ana Rosa Di Gravia y Stafos Efstathios. Y los bachilleres Kellly Loaiza, Michelle Arias y Pedro SandovalEn la Provincia de Carchi, Ecuador, se encuentran las escuelas primarias con los mejores docentes y los resultados académicos del país (INEVAL, 2015). En contra de lo que podría esperarse es una provincia agrícola, pobre y fronteriza. El objetivo de la investigación es estudiar los factores que explican estos resultados. La metodología que se utilizó fue cualitativa. Los resultados indican que los docentes son la clave del éxito de la provincia: dominan el contenido de la materia que dictan, utilizan una metodología de “preguntas/respuestas”, enfocados en un solo tema, con actividades de dificultad progresiva y que llevan a los alumnos de lo concreto a lo simbólico y a lo abstracto. Utilizan cierres parciales para ayudar a los alumnos a fijar el conocimiento. Mantienen relaciones afectivas con los alumnos y utilizan refuerzos positivos focalizados. Usan la repetición como medio para fijar los aprendizajes. Los alumnos son respetuosos y ordenados. El clima de las escuelas es altamente positivoIn the Province of Carchi, Ecuador, there are primary schools with the best teachers performances and the best students learning achievement of the country (INEVAL, 2015). Contrary to what one might expect is an agricultural province, poor and frontier. The objective of the research is to study the factors that explain these results. The methodology used was qualitative. The results indicate that teachers are the key to the success of the province: they master the content of the subject they teach, they use a methodology of "questions / answers", focused on a single subject, with activities of progressive difficulty and that lead from the concrete to the symbolic and the abstract thought. They use partial closures of the lessons to help students set the knowledge. They maintain affective relationships with students and use focused positive reinforcements. They use repetition as a means to fix learning. Students are respectful and orderly. The climate of schools is highly positiv

La niñera como figura de apego y su papel en el desarrollo psicosocial del niño en Casa del Niño No. 3.

El estudio permitió sensibilizar a las niñeras sobre el papel que desempeñan como principales cuidadoras y de la influencia que ejercen en el desarrollo psicosocial del niño en base al tipo de apego que se establece entre ambos. Identificó a la niñera como figura de apego y su papel en el desarrollo psicosocial del niño. Determinó el tipo de apego que se establece entre el niño y la niñera. Informó y sensibilizó a las niñeras sobre el papel que desempeñan como principales cuidadores de los niños. Brindó a las niñeras estrategias que les permitirán crear un ambiente favorable en las relaciones niñera-niño y relaciones interpersonales. Identificó como mejoró la relación niñera-niño posterior a la información y talleres brindados a las niñeras. Se comunicó los resultados obtenidos durante la investigación a las autoridades de la institución por medio de un informe escrito. La investigación cuantitativa derivada del paradigma positivista. La técnica que se utilizó para seleccionar la muestra fue muestreo no aleatoria. La muestra estuvo conformada por 17 niñeras. El estudio se realizó en la institución Sociedad Protectora del Niño Casa del niño no. 3 ubicada en Avenida Elena 18-23 zona 1, de la ciudad de Guatemala. Para recolectar datos se utilizó las técnicas siguientes: observación, evaluación de tipo de apego y talleres informativos. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron: consentimiento informado, guía de observación, guía de evaluación de tipo de apego y planificación de taller informativo. El análisis de datos se presentó en gráficas descriptivas. Concluye que, la niñera es la figura principal en el ambiente del niño, debido a la ausencia de los padres la mayor parte del día. Las niñeras, además de ser las cuidadoras principales se convierten en la figura de seguridad para el niño y son ellas las encargadas de brindar un ambiente emocional afectivo y favorable para la socializació

Effects of active vs. passive interset rest among physiological and perceptual outcomes in bench press exercise.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects between 2-min active and 2-min passive interset rest among intra and interset velocity and power loss, blood lactate level, and effort perception in young resistance-trained male during bench press exercise. Equipment and methods Nineteen volunteers completed a maximal power test for bench press to determine the optimal load for maximum power production. Separated by, unless, 72 hours all participants realised two resistance training bouts consisting of 2 × 8 repetitions at maximal velocity using the optimal load for maximal power, and a 3rd set until muscle failure, with 2-min interset rest passive or active, where participants completed repetitions in vertical chest press at a controlled velocity during active protocol. We measured power and velocity for each repetition using a lineal encoder, and we calculate intraset loss for both outcomes with two different equations. We also measured blood lactate levels and rate of perceived exertion before and after each set, and during recovery period after the last set. Results There was a lower intraset velocity and power loss for active interset rest compared to passive, being these differences statistically significant for the 1st set (P < 0.05) as confirmed by Student's t-test for independent measures. We also found only for the passive protocol a significant increase in blood lactate levels when comparing the values post set and before the consecutive set (P < 0.01), showing a significant increase during the interset rest period (post-set 1–pre-set 2; and post-set 2–pre-set 3). Moreover, blood lactate levels were significantly higher in passive compared to active before starting the 3rd set (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for rate of perceived exertion between both protocols.pre-print430 K

Protocolos técnicos de conservación patrimonial desde el análisis de riesgos y vulnerabilidades. El caso de la arquitectura vernácula de Quingeo (Azuay, Ecuador)

The vernacular architecture of the rural Parish of Quingeo (Azuay, Ecuador), and therefore, the buildings of its parish downtown, are affected by globalization, neglect, and the scarcity of management and technical preservation tools led to their deterioration. This background motivates the analysis, identification, and prioritization of risks and vulnerabilities of this architecture, taking three priority cases of study; wall stratigraphy, the risk analysis matrix, and the principles of preventive preservation, as tools little applied in rural built heritage, but are very useful to understand the evolutionary process, and improve the protection and enhancement. The results obtained determine three types of specific protocols; 1) monitoring and control, 2) periodic maintenance, and 3) management. Such instruments are viable as a strategic axis for nearby territories, such as Quingeo.La arquitectura vernácula de la parroquia rural de Quingeo (Azuay, Ecuador), y por ende, las edificaciones de su centro parroquial, son afectadas por la globalización, el abandono y la escasez de herramientas de gestión y conservación técnica que han ocasionado su deterioro; este antecedente motiva la realización del análisis, identificación y priorización de riesgos y vulnerabilidades de dicha arquitectura tomando 3 casos prioritarios de estudio; se usan la estratigrafía muraria, la Matriz de análisis de riesgos y los principios de la conservación preventiva, como herramientas poco empleadas en el patrimonio edificado rural, pero de gran utilidad para entender el proceso evolutivo, y mejorar la protección y puesta en valor. Los resultados obtenidos son la determinación de 3 tipos de protocolos concretos; 1) de seguimiento y control, 2) mantenimiento periódico y, 3) de gestión. Dichos instrumentos son viables como eje estratégico a territorios cercanos, tales como Quingeo

Susceptibility of silver birch and black alder to several Phytophthora species isolated from soils in declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine

In declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine, several Phytophthora species including P. plurivora, P. bilorbang, P. polonica, P. gonapodyides and P. cactorum were recovered using soil baiting assays and identified using morphological and molecular methods. Pathogenicity tests of selected isolates were performed on black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) to assess susceptibility of these two tree species to the newly detected Phytophthora species. Phytophthora plurivora, P. bilorbang and P. polonica showed higher pathogenicity in both alder and birch compared to the other tested Phytophthora species

Development and implementation of a spruce bark beetle susceptibility index: A framework to compare bark beetle susceptibility on stand level

The spruce bark beetle (spruce bark beetle) (Ips typographus) is one of the major disturbance agents in European forests. Damage by spruce bark beetle is expected to increase in the future, as a result of e.g. increased temperatures. However, not all forest stands are equally vulnerable. Therefore, describing the relative difference in susceptibility of different forest stands to spruce bark beetle infestation and to try to estimate changes in susceptibility under different management or climate scenarios is necessary to support decision making on forest management. We present a spruce bark beetle susceptibility index, which describes the relative sus-ceptibility of forest stands to spruce bark beetle infestation. The index is based on empirical findings and expert opinion, and takes both climatic and stand variables into account. The index can be implemented in forest simulation programs. The susceptibility index was implemented in Heureka, a forest decision support system. To demonstrate the use of the index, simulations were run for three management scenarios: baseline; even-aged management focused on conifers, longer rotation: same as baseline but with longer rotation periods and mixed forest: same as baseline but retaining a higher share of broadleaves. For this purpose, an area of 2451 ha consisting of 751 stands was used. The index value per stand per five-year time period was obtained from the simulations. The index was calculated individually, per management strategy, for all 751 stands and thereafter mean index and harvest volume was obtained for the whole area. Mean susceptibility was higher, and harvest slightly lower, in the longer rotation scenario, compared with the baseline, while there were no differences between baseline and mixed. At individual stand level, the differences are more nuanced and, for example, certain stands have lower susceptibility in the mixed compared with the baseline scenario. The ability to simulate forest development and simultaneously get a measure of spruce bark beetle susceptibility will enable forest owners to identify vulnerable stands and evaluate effects of different management decisions to reduce the risk for future economic losses

Intención de emprendimiento y liderazgo en Colombia

La relación entre el liderazgo y emprendimiento es un tema de estudio y análisis relativamente nuevo. El término de liderazgo ha sido estudiado y enfocado a otras áreas de estudio, pero en cuanto a la relación existente con emprendimiento se presentan aún carencias conceptuales. A lo largo del presente estudio, se hace una revisión de la literatura la cual permite identificar y analizar estos conceptos y su relación en la última década en Colombia, consultando literatura comprendida en bases de datos en línea tales como, Redalyc, Scielo y Dialnet. En este documento, se destacan los atributos de un emprendedor y de un líder, igualmente se recogen los modelos de emprendimiento, las teorías de liderazgo, y los elementos que caracterizan cada concepto. Finalmente, se evidencia una dicotomía entre el líder y el emprendedor y se concluye que el liderazgo es una característica intrínseca del emprendimiento; sin embargo, el liderazgo no es por regla utilizado para emprender.The relationship between leadership and entrepreneurship is a recent topic of study. The term leadership has been studied and focused to other study areas, however there are still conceptual shortcomings regarding to the relation with entrepreneurship. Throughout this study, it is made a literature revision by identifying and analyzing these concepts and their relation during the last decade in Colombia. For this, it has been consulted the literature in online data bases such as Redalyc, Scielo y Dialnet. Along this document, the entrepreneur and leader attributes are outlined, as well as are collected the models of entrepreneurship, leadership theories and the elements that characterized each concept. Finally, the dichotomy between the entrepreneur and the leader is evident, considering that the leadership is an entrepreneur´s characteristic, nevertheless the leadership is not always used to set up new business.Universidad del Rosari