ArBoLor : apport des études archéobotaniques du néolithique ancien au haut Moyen Âge en Lorraine

haut Moyen ÂgeLes pratiques alimentaires et agro-pastorales caractérisent les sociétés et leur évolution. Leur appréhension est possible grâce à l’archéologie environnementale, notamment grâce à l’archéobotanique. Les approches de la carpologie, qui étudie les graines et les fruits découverts en contexte archéologique, et l’anthracologie, qui a pour but d’étudier les charbons de bois dans les mêmes types de contextes, permettent d’aborder différentes problématiques telles que la consommation ..

Education and training methods for healthcare professionals to lead conversations concerning deceased organ donation: An integrative review

Objectives: To determine which training methods positively influenced healthcare professionals’ communication skills and families’ deceased organ donation decision-making. Methods: An integrative review using systematic methods and narrative synthesis for data analysis. Electronic databases of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Embase (OVID) and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, were searched between August 1997 and March 2020, retrieving 1019 papers. Included papers (n = 14) were appraised using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Results: Training programmes offered theory, experiential learning, feedback and debriefing including self-reflection, the opportunity to role-play and interact with simulated participants within realistic case scenarios. Programmes reported observed and self-rated improvements in communication learning and confidence. The methodological quality score averaged 13, (72% of maximum); few studies used an experimental design, examined behavioural change or families’ perspectives. Weak evidence suggested training could increase organ donation authorisation/consent rates. Conclusions: Multiple training strategies are effective in improving interprofessional healthcare professionals’ confidence and learning of specialised communication. Methodological limitations restricted the ability to present definitive recommendations and further research is warranted, inclusive of family decision-making experiences. Practice implications: Learning of specialised communication skills is enhanced by using multiple training strategies, including role-play and debriefing

Evaluation of Community-Based Youth Leadership Programs in Georgia

This study sought to gain an understanding of changes that take place among youth as a result of participating in community-led leadership programs. Study participants were recruited from five counties in Georgia and had participated in community-led leadership programs during the 2017-2018 school year; these programs all lacked access to resources needed to conduct formal evaluation. The goals of this study were to quantify changes in participatory citizenship, community awareness, and leadership skills learning among participants. Participants were surveyed prior to the delivery of leadership program content and then again after the program’s completion. Relationships between the variables that emerged from survey responses were analyzed using cross-tabulation and were tested for statistical significance using chi-square, gamma and Kendall’s tau-c analyses. The findings revealed that learning occurred in the categories of participatory citizenship, community awareness, and leadership skills. Participants gained knowledge of community engagement consistent with the objectives of new public service theory. They demonstrated increased community awareness through an enhanced understanding of the social and economic issues facing the community, and also showed increased learning and confidence in both transactional and transformational leadership skills. The relationship between program participation and these changes aligned with the positive feelings associated with youth leadership programs. These findings support ongoing efforts to improve programs and to attract and retain funding. In the long term, community-led youth leadership programs may serve as an antidote to the “brain drain” and outward migration facing rural communities. Keyword 1: evaluation Keyword 2: youth Keyword 3: leadership Keyword 4: Georgia Keyword 5: ruralChapter I: INTRODUCTION 1 -- Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 -- Public Administration Theory 15 -- Leadership Theory 18 -- Evolution of Participatory Leadership Theory 18 -- Leadership Training 22 -- History of Community-Based Leadership Programs 23 -- History of Community-Based Leadership Programs in Georgia 24 -- Youth Leadership Program Evaluation 32 -- Program Effects 32 -- Popular Theory: Skills and Education 33 -- Limitations of Evaluation 33 -- Intervention Programs and Other Program Evaluations 34 -- University of Connecticut 34 -- Wright State University 35 -- University of Georgia Fanning Institute for Leadership Development 37 -- National 4-H Program 37 -- Georgia Chambers of Commerce 39 -- Comparisons of Community-Based Leadership Programs: Georgia Illustration 40 -- Conclusion 43 -- Chapter III: METHODS AND PROCEDURES 46 -- Sample Description 47 -- Instrumentation and Measures 52 -- Procedures 55 -- Data Analysis 56 -- Limitations of the Research 58 -- Chapter IV: RESULTS 61 -- Relationship of Youth Leadership Program Participation to Participatory -- Citizenship 64 -- Relationship of Youth Leadership Program Participation to Community -- Awareness 69 -- Relationship of Youth Leadership Program Participation to Leadership Skills -- Learning 75 -- Communications Composite 77 -- Learning Composite 79 -- Leadership Composite 82 -- Questions Developed by the Researcher to Address Confidence and -- Leadership Skills 83 -- Summary of the Leadership Composites 87 -- Conclusion 89 -- Chapter V: DISCUSSION 92 -- Findings Related to Participatory Citizenship Learning 92 -- Findings Related to Community Awareness 94 -- Findings Related to Leadership Skills Learning 96 -- Potential Implications of the Findings 98 -- Limitations 100 -- Principle Implications of the Findings 102 -- Recommendations for Future Research 103 -- Conclusions 104 -- REFERENCES 106 -- APPENDIX A: Operational Definitions 112 -- APPENDIX B: Evaluation of Community-Based Youth Leadership Programs in -- Georgia (Pre- and Post-Test) 114 -- APPENDIX C: Institutional Review Board Approval 118 -- APPENDIX D: IRB-Approved Parent/Guardian Consent Form 125 -- APPENDIX E: Child Assent Form 128 -- APPENDIX F: Statistical Report: Evaluation of Community-Based Youth -- Leadership Programs in Georgia 130.Peterson, BonniePeterson, JamesChapman, SueCruz, Becky K. daD.PA.Public Administratio

El Servicio Militar Obligatorio en el Marco de la Democracia

This paper is the culmination of a month spent conducting interviews and researching the ways in which the armed forces and the civilian population of Chile relate to one another through the obligation of one year of military service for all 18 year-old males. Referencing Chilean history since the end of World War II, this paper overviews the arguments of progressive groups which constitute the movement against obligatory military service and discusses how they have come to understand the armed forces in the context of democracy

A novel activating role of SRC and STAT3 on HGF transcription in human breast cancer cells

We have previously determined that the HGF promoter can be transactivated by a combination of activated Src and wild-type Stat3 in the mouse breast cell lines HC11 and SP1. To determine if this pathway is of relevance for the human disease, a series of human breast and other human cells lines were examined, and the status of key proteins in these cells determined. All of the human breast cell lines exhibited strong transactivation by a combination of activated Src and Stat3. This activation was dependent on a Stat3 recognition element present at nt-95. The exception was the ErbB2 over-expressing cell line SK-BR-3 where Stat3 alone could transactivate HGF though Src augmented this effect. Increased phosphorylation of Stat3 tyrosine 705 was also observed in this line. Analysis of three ovarian cell lines revealed that Src/Stat3 expression was not able to activate the HGF promoter in two of these lines (SKOV3 and IOSE-80PC). Src/Stat3 expression did activate HGF transcription in OVCAR3 cells, but this effect was not mediated by the Stat3 site at nt-95. Stat3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 was observed in IOSE-80PC cells, but was insufficient to allow for activation of the HGF promoter. Human kidney (HEK293) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were also not Src/Stat3 permissive, despite high levels of Stat3 phospho-Y705. These results suggest that human breast cells are a uniquely permissive environment for HGF transactivation by Src/Stat3 which may allow for the inappropriate activation of HGF transcription during the early stages of breast transformation. This could lead to paracrine or autocrine activation of the Met receptor in breast carcinoma cells

Pragmatic engagement in a low trust supply chain: Beef farmers’ perceptions of power, trust and agency

The academic discussion of power in supply chains has changed from a discussion of the use of coercive power to one which emphasizes the role of trust in embedding co-operation and disincentivizing opportunism. Whilst a number of empirical studies have suggested the former is alive and well, this paper argues that power relations may also be constituted by the self-perceptions of weaker actors as much as by the explicit actions of more powerful ones. This study explores the role of power through the perceptions of subjugated actors, which set the ‘rules of the game’. Our case centres on perceptions of Northern Irish beef farmers and their reflections on their ‘powerlessness’ in relation to the larger, more consolidated processors that they sell to. We find that the way farmers make sense of the power relations they encounter is influenced by the individuating character of the power relations exercised by the processors, which debilitates their ability to collaborate and resist collectively. What emerges is a story about the process of accommodation whereby farmers pragmatically resign themselves to play by ‘the rules of the game’ to remain ‘part of the game’

Modulation of expression and cellular distribution of p21 by macrophage migration inhibitory factor

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The pleiotropic protein MIF, (macrophage migration inhibitory factor), has been demonstrated to modulate several key proteins governing cell cycle control and is considered to contribute to cell growth and differentiation. In this study we investigated the effect of MIF on the expression and cellular distribution of the CDK inhibitor p21.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The effect of endogenous MIF on p21 expression and distribution was examined by comparing murine dermal fibroblasts derived from <it>wt </it>and MIF -/- mice. The effect of MIF on cell growth and apoptotic rates was compared using ³H-Thymidine incorporation assays and annexin V/PI assays respectively. Total p21 protein levels were compared using flow cytometry and western blotting. p21 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Intracellular p21 staining was performed to assess cellular distribution of total protein. To further confirm observations siRNA was used to knockdown MIF protein in <it>wt </it>cells. Cell cycle analysis was performed using PI incorporation assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MIF-/- murine dermal fibroblasts exhibited reduced proliferative responses and were more susceptible to apoptosis. This was associated with reduced p21 expression and nuclear distribution. Treatment with recombinant MIF protein was demonstrated to reduce both basal and induced apoptosis and increase nuclear p21 expression. Reduced nuclear p21 expression was also observed in MIF siRNA treated <it>wt </it>cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results demonstrate that in the absence of MIF p21 expression and nuclear distribution is reduced which is associated with a reduction in cell growth and increased apoptosis. MIF may therefore play a role in maintaining homeostatic control of p21.</p

Leveraging University-Community Partnerships in Rural Georgia: A Community Health Needs Assessment Template for Hospitals

Background: Under the Affordable Care Act, nonprofit hospitals are required to conduct a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) every three years. Using recommendations proposed by Georgia Watch, students and faculty members from the University of Georgia (UGA) conducted a CHNA for a hospital in a rural county in Georgia. The purpose of the CHNA was to identify community health problems and needs, as well as community assets and resources. The aim of this report is to describe the process for conducting the CHNA, the findings, and the lessons learned. Methods: The CHNA team consisted of students and faculty members from UGA’s College of Public Health and a Public Service and Outreach professional who worked in the community. In completing the CHNA, the team used the following fivestep process: define community, collect secondary data on community health, gather community input and collect primary data, prioritize community health needs, and implement strategies to address community health needs. Primary and secondary data were collected. Results: By triangulating findings across data sources, the CHNA team created a community health profile for the service area of the hospital. Based on these findings, the community identified four main areas for improvement, prioritized these health issues, and developed an implementation strategy for the hospital and community. Conclusions: The process used to conduct this CHNA can serve as a model for other rural communities undergoing similar assessments. Lessons learned from completing this CHNA can be applied to future CHNA efforts