Distinguishing types of compact-object binaries using the gravitational-wave signatures of their mergers

We analyze the distinguishability of populations of coalescing binary neutron stars, neutron-star black-hole binaries, and binary black holes, whose gravitational-wave signatures are expected to be observed by the advanced network of ground-based interferometers LIGO and Virgo. We consider population-synthesis predictions for plausible merging binary distributions in mass space, along with measurement accuracy estimates from the main gravitational-wave parameter-estimation pipeline. We find that for our model compact-object binary mass distribution, we can always distinguish binary neutron stars and black-hole--neutron-star binaries, but not necessarily black-hole--neutron-star binaries and binary black holes; however, with a few tens of detections, we can accurately identify the three subpopulations and measure their respective rates.Comment: Revised unabridged version (contains material omitted from published version

Cosmic rays can drive strong outflows from gas-rich high-redshift disk galaxies

We present simulations of the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) in models of massive star forming (40 Msun / yr) disk galaxies with high gas surface densities (~100 Msun / pc^2) similar to observed star forming high-redshift disks. We assume that type II supernovae deposit 10 per cent of their energy into the ISM as cosmic rays and neglect the additional deposition of thermal energy or momentum. With a typical Galactic diffusion coefficient for CRs (3e28 cm^2 / s) we demonstrate that this process alone can trigger the local formation of a strong low density galactic wind maintaining vertically open field lines. Driven by the additional pressure gradient of the relativistic fluid the wind speed can exceed 1000 km/s, much higher than the escape velocity of the galaxy. The global mass loading, i.e. the ratio of the gas mass leaving the galactic disk in a wind to the star formation rate becomes of order unity once the system has settled into an equilibrium. We conclude that relativistic particles accelerated in supernova remnants alone provide a natural and efficient mechanism to trigger winds similar to observed mass-loaded galactic winds in high-redshift galaxies. These winds also help explaining the low efficiencies for the conversion of gas into stars in galaxies as well as the early enrichment of the intergalactic medium with metals. This mechanism can be at least of similar importance than the traditionally considered momentum feedback from massive stars and thermal and kinetic feedback from supernova explosions.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted in ApJL; corrected titl

High-speed rail network and periodic timetable: a comparative analysis of operational concepts

This paper compares chosen European high-speed railway (HS) networks in terms of their offer of HS passenger service. The criteria chosen for comparison are network topology, degree of service periodicity and degree of coordination between subsequent services. Only services with HS trains are taken into account. As a result, each examined network is classified according to prevailing approach to passenger service – either Line/Service (LS) Approach, where transfer connections are in general not anticipated, or Network (N) approach, with regular (mostly periodic) public transport lines and periodic transfer connections between them.The comparative analysis has shown that geography had crucial impact not only on national (or regional) HS line network, but on the HS operational concept as well.On trunk HS lines, which connect most populated agglomerations in particular country, there is always – at least during peak times – some form of periodic service, despite compulsory seat reservation (except state-owned carriers in Austria and Germany).Half of analyzed networks can be characterized by N approach – at least on trunk HS lines or within central "core" part of HS network.For Czech HS network, authors recommend to define a core network with application of Integrated Periodic Timetable

Influence of dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density and influence of vitamin D on bone mineral density.

Tato práce shrnuje poznatky o vápníku, vitaminu D a jeho vlivu na kostní denzitu. Teoretická část obsahuje pohled na osteoporózu z hlediska příčin, diagnózy, léčby i prevence tohoto onemocnění. Výzkum obsahuje shrnutí údajů získaných z dotazníků a denzitometrického vyšetření z Osteocentra III. interní kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze a jejich vyhodnocení ve vztahu příjmu vápníku a vitaminu D k hodnotě kostní denzity. Z výsledků získaných sběrem dotazníků a denzitometrického vyšetření vyšlo, že vyšší příjem vápníku zajišťuje vyšší hodnotu BMD u sledovaných žen, u sledovaných mužů toto potvrzeno nebylo. Vitamin D má také zásadní vliv na hodnotu kostní denzity. Z dotazníků byl zjištěn spíše nižší příjem tohoto vitaminu. Vápník a vitamin D mají nezastupitelnou úlohu v hodnotách kostní denzity, proto je jejich pravidelný denní příjem nezbytný. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)This theses summarizes the knowledge of calcium, vitamin D and it's effect on bone mineral density. The theoretical part includes a view of osteoporosis in terms of causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this disease. The research includes a summary of the data obtained from the questionnaires and densitometric examination of Osteocenter 3rd Department of Internal Medicine of 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and VFN in Prague and their assessment of calcium and vitamin D intake in relation to the value of bone mineral density. The results obtained from the collection of questionnaires and densitometric examination appeared that higher calcium intake ensures higher BMD as for women, this wasn't confirmed concerning men. Vitamin D has also a major impact on the value of bone mineral density. The questionnaires show lower intake of this vitamin. Calcium and vitamin D are irreplaceable in terms of bone mineral density, therefore their regular daily intake is very essential. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)3rd Medical Department - Clinical Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismIII. interní klinika - klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu 1.LF a VFN v Praze1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Superfoods - why choose them in nutrition?

This thesis summarize information about Salvia hispanica, known as Chia and Lycium barbarum/chinense, known as Goji, which are plants that provide seeds and fruits used as superfoods. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into a general description, content substances, health effects, history of use of these plants and an overview of studies with their use. Studies are focused on the study of antioxidant effects, anti-cancer effects, the influence of use superfoods on metabolism and diseases, and studies on the use of these superfoods in common foods. The practical part of the thesis focused on knowledge into superfoods among the population and the rate of their use. The results show that knowledge about superfoods, including chia and Goji, is good, as well as the use of superfoods in the population. Chia and Goji are currently the most widely used superfoods. Less than a third of respondents observe the positive effects of using superfoods. This thesis presents information to potential consumers why they should include superfoods in the diet.Tato práce shrnuje informace o Šalvěji hispánské, známé jako chia a Kustovnici cizí/čínské, známé jako Goji, jež jsou rostlinami, které poskytují semena a plody užívané jako superpotraviny. Teoretická část práce je rozdělena na obecný popis, obsahové látky, účinky na zdraví, historii používání těchto rostlin a přehled studií s jejich použitím. Studie jsou zaměřené na zkoumání antioxidačních účinků, protirakovinových účinků, vlivu použití těchto superpotravin na metabolismus a onemocnění a dále pak studie zaměřené na použití těchto superpotravin v běžných potravinách. Praktická část práce se zaměřila na výzkum povědomí o superpotravinách mezi populací a mírou jejich užívání. Z výsledků vyšlo, že povědomost o superpotravinách, včetně chia a Goji, je na dobré úrovni, stejně tak míra užívání superpotravin v populaci. Chia a Goji jsou dle výsledků aktuálně nejvíce užívanými superpotravinami. Necelá třetina respondentů pak pozoruje pozitivní efekty užívání superpotravin. Tato práce předkládá informace možným konzumentům, proč by měly být superpotraviny zařazeny do stravy.3rd Medical Department - Clinical Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismIII. interní klinika - klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu 1.LF a VFN v PrazeFirst Faculty of Medicine1. lékařská fakult

Double Compact Objects II: Cosmological Merger Rates

The development of advanced gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, provides impetus to refine theoretical predictions for what these instruments might detect. In particular, with the range increasing by an order of magnitude, the search for GW sources is extending beyond the "local" Universe and out to cosmological distances. Double compact objects (neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS), black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) and black hole-black hole (BH-BH) systems) are considered to be the most promising gravitational wave sources. In addition, NS-NS and/or BH-NS systems are thought to be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts (GRBs), and may also be associated with kilonovae. In this paper we present the merger event rates of these objects as a function of cosmological redshift. We provide the results for four cases, each one investigating a different important evolution parameter of binary stars. Each case is also presented for two metallicity evolution scenarios. We find that (i) in most cases NS-NS systems dominate the merger rates in the local Universe, while BH-BH mergers dominate at high redshift; (ii) BH-NS mergers are less frequent than other sources per unit volume, for all time; and (iii) natal kicks may alter the observable properties of populations in a significant way, allowing the underlying models of binary evolution and compact object formation to be easily distinguished. This is the second paper in a series of three. The third paper will focus on calculating the detection rates of mergers by gravitational wave telescopes.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, second in series, accepted for Ap

Differential Evolution Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Speed Control of PMSM Implemented on GPU

In this paper, the novel approach to the nonlinear model predictive speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and its implementation is introduced. The implementation is performed using general-purpose computing on graphics processing unit. The introduced algorithm uses the optimization method based on the differential evolution to get the optimal increment of stator voltage. The proposed algorithm is tested in the processor in the loop simulation with the Simscape model for the simulation of PMSM and the Jetson Xavier embedded device for the algorithm execution. The results show the ability of the algorithm to ensure the reference tracking and to keep the requested variables within their limits