241 research outputs found
Comparision of antibiotics and antimicrobial alternatives on growth performance of weanling pigs in a commercial environment
A total of 320 weanling pigs (11.7 lb and 14 ± 3 d of age, PIC) was used to determine the effects of antibiotics and antimicrobial alternatives in diets for nursery pigs reared in a commercial environment. Pigs were fed one of 5 experimental diets: 1) control with no antimicrobials; 2) carbadox (50 g/ton); 3) Lacto- Sacc® (0.2%); 4) Bio-Plus® 2B (0.05%); or 5) Bio-Mos™(0.3%). Lacto Sacc® is a concentrated form of selected live yeast cells while Bio Plus® 2B contains two bacillus strains. Bio-Mos™ is a mannanoligosaccharide derived from yeast. Overall (d 0 to 31 postweaning), pigs fed the control diet or diets containing Bio Mos had greater (P<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the diet containing Bio Plus 2B. Pigs fed the diet containing Bio Plus 2B had lower (P<0.05) daily feed intake compared to pigs fed the control diet or diets
containing carbadox or Bio Mos with Lacto Sacc being intermediate in performance. There was no difference in feed efficiency among pigs fed various dietary treatments. In conclusion, in this commercial environment, the additions of carbadox or antimicrobial alternatives to the control diet were not effective in improving nursery pig performance
Comparision of antimicrobial alternatives in diets for nursery pigs
A total of 720 weanling pigs (12.8 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age, PIC) was used in two trials to
determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial
alternatives in diets for nursery pigs. Pigs
were fed one of 8 experimental diets: 1) Control with no antibiotics or antimicrobial alternatives, 2) carbadox (50 g/ton), 3) Probios® (1.6% from d 0 to 14 and 0.8% from d 14 to 21), 4) BioSaf® (0.3%), 5) Biomate Yeast Plus® (0.1%), 6) Bio-Mos™(0.3%), 7) Bio-Plus® 2B (0.05%), or 8) LactoSacc® (0.2%). BioSaf®, Biomate® Yeast Plus®, and Lacto Sacc® are all concentrated forms of selected live yeast cells, while Bio-Mos™ is a mannanoligosaccharide derived from yeast. Probios® is a form of lactic acid bacteria and Bio Plus® 2B contains two bacillus strains. Overall (d 0 to 27), pigs fed the diet containing carbadox had greater (P<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed all other diets. Pigs fed the diet containing carbadox also had greater (P<0.05) ADFI compared to pigs fed BioSaf, Yeast Plus, Bio Mos, Bio Plus 2B and Lacto Sacc. Pigs fed the diet containing Bio Plus 2B had lower (P<0.05) ADFI compared to pigs fed the diet containing Probios. Pigs fed the diet containing Probios had the poorest (P<0.05) F/G compared pigs fed all other diets except the control diet. In addition, pigs fed the diet containing carbadox had improved (P<0.05) F/G compared to pigs fed the control diet or the diet containing Probios. In conclusion, the addition of carbadox – but not antimicrobial alternatives – in nursery pig diets resulted in a consistent improvement in growth performance over pigs fed the control diet. Although pigs fed antibiotic alternatives showed no improvement over carbadox, a numeric improvement in F/G for some products over pigs fed the control diet warrants further investigation
Black hole solutions in massive gravity
The static vacuum spherically symmetric solutions in massive gravity are
obtained both analytically and numerically. The solutions depend on two
parameters (integration constants): the mass M (or, equivalently, the
Schwarzschild radius), and an additional parameter, the "scalar charge" S. At
zero value of S and positive mass the standard Schwarzschild black hole
solutions are recovered. Depending on the parameters of the model and the signs
of M and S, the solutions may or may not have horizon. Those with the horizon
describe modified black holes provided they are stable against small
perturbations. In the analytically solvable example, the modified black hole
solutions may have both attractive and repulsive (anti-gravitating) behavior at
large distances. At intermediate distances the gravitational potential of a
modified black hole may mimics the presence of dark matter. Modified black hole
solutions are also found numerically in more realistic massive gravity models
which are attractors of the cosmological evolution.Comment: Original version + erratu
Effects of paylean (ractopamineâ‹…HCl) on finishing pig growth and variation
A total of 336 pigs were used in a 21-day
trial to determine the effect of Paylean (9.0
g/ton Ractopamine·HCl) on finishing pig
growth and variation. Pigs were allotted based on weight so that all pens had the same
initial weight and degree of variation within
the pen. Pigs fed Paylean had greater ADG and better feed efficiency than control-fed
pigs (P<0.05). However, no differences in
pen coefficient of variation were observed
(P>0.70). The results suggest that adding
Paylean to the diet improves finishing pig
growth performance but does not affect
weight variation within the pen
Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of a bright flare and ejection event in the extragalactic jet 3C 111
ContextFlares in radio-loud active galactic nuclei are thought to be associated with the injection of fresh plasma into the compact jet base. Such flares are usually strongest and appear earlier at shorter radio wavelengths. Hence, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter(mm)-wavelengths is the best-suited technique for studying the earliest structural changes of compact jets associated with emission flares. AimsWe study the morphological changes of the parsec-scale jet in the nearby (z = 0.049) γ-ray bright radio galaxy 3C 111 following a flare that developed into a major radio outburst in 2007. Methods\ua0We analyse three successive observations of 3C 111 at 86 GHz with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) between 2007 and 2008 which yield a very high angular resolution of ∼45  μas. In addition, we make use of single-dish radio flux density measurements from the F-GAMMA and POLAMI programmes, archival single-dish and VLBI data. ResultsWe resolve the flare into multiple plasma components with a distinct morphology resembling a bend in an otherwise remarkably straight jet. The flare-associated features move with apparent velocities of ∼4.0c to ∼4.5c and can be traced also at lower frequencies in later epochs. Near the base of the jet, we find two bright features with high brightness temperatures up to ∼1011 K, which we associate with the core and a stationary feature in the jet. ConclusionsThe flare led to multiple new jet components indicative of a dynamic modulation during the ejection. We interpret the bend-like feature as a direct result of the outburst which makes it possible to trace the transverse structure of the jet. In this scenario, the components follow different paths in the jet stream consistent with expectations for a spine-sheath structure, which is not seen during intermediate levels of activity. The possibility of coordinated multiwavelength observations during a future bright radio flare in 3C 111 makes this source an excellent target for probing the radio-γ-ray connection
Evaluation of hemicell® on growth performance of late nursery pigs
A total of 276 pigs (initially 21.9 lb) was
used to determine the effects of added Hemicell® on growth performance. Hemicell® is a patented fermentation product of Bacillus lentus. The active ingredient in the fermentation product is β-mannanase. However, other enzymes such as amylase, xylanase, cellulases, and α-galactosidase also are present. It is claimed that Hemicell® degrades β-mannan in feed, thus, removing its effects as an antinutritive factor in swine diets. Dietary treatments
were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial, with
or without 0.05% Hemicell®, in diets with 3
levels of energy density (1,388, 1,488, 1,588
ME, kcal/lb). The 100 kcal increments were achieved by the addition of wheat bran or soy
oil to a corn-soybean meal based diet. The addition of Hemicell® to the diets, regardless of energy level, did not lead to an improvement in growth performance in these late nursery pigs. Increasing energy density of the diet, however, resulted in an improved ADG and F/G
Evaluation of different soy protein concentrate sources on growth performance of weanling pigs
Three experiments were conducted using 486 weanling pigs (216 in Experiment 1; 210 in Experiment 2; 60 in Experiment 3) to determine the effects of different soy protein concentrate (SPC) sources on growth performance. Soy protein concentrate source 1 is dried with a torus disk following the concentration of soy proteins. This drying procedure will generate some degree of heat and possibly mechanical forces somewhat similar to extrusion processing (Soycomil P®, ADM). Soy protein concentrate source 2 is dried by a different process, and then it is moist extruded (Profine E, Central Soya). Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine the relative feeding value of the different SPC sources compared with a complex diet containing milk and other specialty proteins (no soy protein), or a diet containing 40% soybean meal. In Experiment 1, each SPC source (28.6%) replaced all the soybean meal (SBM) in the
control diet on a lysine basis. Pigs fed the diet containing 40% SBM had similar performance to pigs fed the milk-protein based diet from d 0 to 14. Pigs fed either SPC source had lower ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed either the diet containing 40% SBM or the milkprotein based diet. Pigs fed the diet containing 40% SBM and SPC from source 2 had better F/G than pigs fed the milk-protein based diet or SPC from source 1.
In Experiment 2, either all or half of the soybean meal was replaced by the 28.6 or 14.3% SPC from source 1 and 2. From d 0 to
14 and d 0 to 28, an SPC source by level interaction was observed for ADG (P<0.01) and
ADFI (P<0.07). Replacing soybean meal with SPC from source 1 did not influence pig performance. However, replacing soybean meal
with SPC from source 2 resulted in a quadratic (P<0.05) improvement in ADG with performance being improved for the diet containing 14.3% SPC, but no benefit to replacing all the soybean meal with SPC. Replacing soybean meal with SPC from either source influenced feed efficiency in a quadratic (P<0.01) manner with feed efficiency being optimal for pigs consuming the diet with half the soybean meal replaced by SPC. Because replacing all of the soybean meal with SPC reduced ADFI in Experiments 1 and 2, we hypothesized that pigs may not prefer the taste of a diet with a high inclusion rate of SPC (28.6%). To test this theory, a 7-day preference test was conducted to determine feed intake of weanling pigs provided the option of consuming diets containing either 40% soybean meal or 28.6% SPC (from source 2).
Average daily feed intake was 0.41 and 0.01
lb for the 40% soybean meal and 28.6% soy
protein concentrate diets, respectively (P<0.0001). The poor intake of the SPC diet may indicate a palatability problem when high
levels of SPC are included in the diet. Our results suggest replacing a portion of the soybean meal in the diet with SPC from source 2 improves ADG and feed efficiency; however, high levels (28.6%) of SPC should not be included in the diet
Toward Sensor Modular Autonomy for Persistent Land Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)
Currently, most land Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets (e.g. EO/IR cameras) are simply data collectors. Understanding, decision making and sensor control are performed by the human operators, involving high cognitive load. Any automation in the system has traditionally involved bespoke design of centralised systems that are highly specific for the assets/targets/environment under consideration, resulting in complex, non-flexible systems that exhibit poor interoperability. We address a concept of Autonomous Sensor Modules (ASMs) for land ISR, where these modules have the ability to make low-level decisions on their own in order to fulfil a higher-level objective, and plug in, with the minimum of preconfiguration, to a High Level Decision Making Module (HLDMM) through a middleware integration layer. The dual requisites of autonomy and interoperability create challenges around information fusion and asset management in an autonomous hierarchical system, which are addressed in this work. This paper presents the results of a demonstration system, known as Sensing for Asset Protection with Integrated Electronic Networked Technology (SAPIENT), which was shown in realistic base protection scenarios with live sensors and targets. The SAPIENT system performed sensor cueing, intelligent fusion, sensor tasking, target hand-off and compensation for compromised sensors, without human control, and enabled rapid integration of ISR assets at the time of system deployment, rather than at design-time. Potential benefits include rapid interoperability for coalition operations, situation understanding with low operator cognitive burden and autonomous sensor management in heterogenous sensor systems
Associated production of charged Higgs bosons and top quarks with POWHEG
The associated production of charged Higgs bosons and top quarks at hadron
colliders is an important discovery channel to establish the existence of a
non-minimal Higgs sector. Here, we present details of a next-to-leading order
(NLO) calculation of this process using the Catani-Seymour dipole formalism and
describe its implementation in POWHEG, which allows to match NLO calculations
to parton showers. Numerical predictions are presented using the PYTHIA parton
shower and are compared to those obtained previously at fixed order, to a
leading order calculation matched to the PYTHIA parton shower, and to a
different NLO calculation matched to the HERWIG parton shower with MC@NLO. We
also present numerical predictions and theoretical uncertainties for various
Two Higgs Doublet Models at the Tevatron and LHC.Comment: 36 page
Refining the criteria for immediate total-body CT after severe trauma
Objectives: Initial trauma care could potentially be improved when conventional imaging and selective CT scanning is omitted and replaced by immediate total-body CT (iTBCT) scanning. Because of the potentially increased radiation exposure by this diagnostic approach, proper selection of the severely injured patients is mandatory. Methods: In the REACT-2 trial, severe trauma patients were randomized to iTBCT or conventional imaging and selective CT based on predefined criteria regarding compromised vital parameters, clinical suspicion of severe injuries, or high-risk trauma mechanisms in five trauma centers. By logistic regression analysis with backward selection on the 15 study inclusion criteria, a revised set of criteria was derived and subsequently tested for prediction of severe injury and shifts in radiation exposure. Results: In total, 1083 patients were enrolled with median ISS of 20 (IQR 9–29) and median GCS of 13 (IQR 3–15). Backward logistic regression resulted in a revised set consisting of nine original and one adjusted criteria. Positive predictive value improved from 76% (95% CI 74–79%) to 82% (95% CI 80–85%). Sensitivity decreased by 9% (95% CI 7–11%). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve remained equal and was 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83), original set 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83). The revised set retains 8.78 mSv (95% CI 6.01–11.56) for 36% of the non-severely injured patients. Conclusions: Selection criteria for iTBCT can be reduced from 15 to 10 clinically criteria. This improves the positive predictive value for severe injury and reduces radiation exposure for less severely injured patients. Key Points: • Selection criteria for iTBCT can be reduced to 10 clinically useful criteria. • This reduces radiation exposure in 36% of less severely injured patients. • Overall discriminative capacity for selection of severely injured patients remained equal
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