3,506 research outputs found
Cutting Red Tape in Health Care: How Streamlining Billing Can Reduce California's Health Care Costs
Examines inefficiencies in the state's administrative systems and proposes streamlining key processes and integrating health information networks to cut costs and add value. Offers case profiles of networks in Utah and New England as best practices
A stochastic Fokker-Planck equation and double probabilistic representation for the stochastic porous media type equation
The purpose of the present paper consists in proposing and discussing a
double probabilistic representation for a porous media equation in the whole
space perturbed by a multiplicative colored noise. For almost all random
realizations , one associates a stochastic differential equation in law
with random coefficients, driven by an independent Brownian motion. The key
ingredient is a uniqueness lemma for a linear SPDE of Fokker-Planck type with
measurable bounded (possibly degenerated) random coefficients
The stochastic porous media equation in
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to the stochastic porous media equation
dX-\D\psi(X) dt=XdW in \rr^d are studied. Here, is a Wiener process,
is a maximal monotone graph in \rr\times\rr such that , \ff r\in\rr, is a coloured Wiener process. In this general case
the dimension is restricted to , the main reason being the absence of a
convenient multiplier result in the space
\calh=\{\varphi\in\mathcal{S}'(\rr^d);\ |\xi|(\calf\varphi)(\xi)\in
L^2(\rr^d)\}, for . When is Lipschitz, the well-posedness,
however, holds for all dimensions on the classical Sobolev space
H^{-1}(\rr^d). If and , we
prove the finite time extinction with strictly positive probability
Modular properties of two-loop maximal supergravity and connections with string theory
The low-momentum expansion of the two-loop four-graviton scattering amplitude
in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on a circle and a two-torus is
considered up to terms of order S^6R^4 (where S is a Mandelstam invariant and R
is the linearized Weyl curvature). In the case of the toroidal compactification
the coefficient of each term in the low energy expansion is generically a sum
of a number of SL(2,Z)-invariant functions of the complex structure of the
torus. Each such function satisfies a separate Poisson equation on moduli space
with particular source terms that are bilinear in coefficients of lower order
terms, consistent with qualitative arguments based on supersymmetry. Comparison
is made with the low-energy expansion of type II string theories in ten and
nine dimensions. Although the detailed behaviour of the string amplitude is not
generally expected to be reproduced by supergravity perturbation theory to all
orders, for the terms considered here we find agreement with direct results
from string perturbation theory. These results point to a fascinating pattern
of interrelated Poisson equations for the IIB coefficients at higher orders in
the momentum expansion which may have a significance beyond the particular
methods by which they were motivated.Comment: 79 pages, 4 figures. Latex format. v2: Small corrections made,
version to appear in JHE
Deregulation and environmental differentiation in the electric utility industry.
This paper analyzes how economic deregulation impacts firm strategies and environmental quality in the electric utility industry. We find evidence that the deregulation introduced to this historically staid industry has stimulated environmental differentiation. Differentiation is most likely to appear where its point of uniqueness is valued by customers, and we confirm this relationship in our sample. Specifically, utilities that served customers who exhibited higher levels of environmental sensitivity generated more green power. The tendency for firms to differentiate in this way is lessened if they are relatively more dependent on coal-fired generation or relatively more efficient. Thus, there is evidence that firms sort themselves into either differentiation or low-cost strategies as the competitive realities of a deregulated world unfold. Deregulation and the ensuing environmental differentiation illustrate how utilities exploited formerly unmet customer demand for green power. The result has been greater levels of renewable generation and, hence, a cleaner environment.Deregulation; Environmental differentiation; Electric utility; Renewable energy; Productive efficiency;
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