1,540 research outputs found
Effect of surface nanostructure on temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy: First-principles kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of CO oxidation at RuO2(110)
Using the catalytic CO oxidation at RuO2(110) as a showcase, we employ
first-principles kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate the intricate
effects on temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy data brought about by
the mere correlations between the locations of the active sites at a
nanostructured surface. Even in the absence of lateral interactions, this
nanostructure alone can cause inhomogeneities that cannot be grasped by
prevalent mean-field data analysis procedures, which thus lead to wrong
conclusions on the reactivity of the different surface species.Comment: 4 pages including 3 figures; related publications can be found at
http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/th.htm
The contribution of methanol to the 3.4 micron feature in comets
With the advent of improved detectors and improved moderate resolution spectrometers several interesting features have been seen in the infrared spectra of comets. In particular, an emission excess at 3.52 microns was observed in several comets, and has recently been tentatively assigned to the nu 3 band of methanol (CH3OH). Using a developed model it is possible to calculate the relative strengths of the CH3OH features. The 3.52 microns emission strengths were used in a number of comets to retrieve methanol amounts, and the model was used to predict the fraction of the 3.4 micron flux which is contributed by the species. Implications for cometary formation are discussed
Infrared remote sensing of cometary parent volatiles from the ground, air, and space
A balanced view of the present generation of infrared instruments for cometary compositional studies is presented. Ground-based instruments are compared with airborne and spaceborne capabilities. An attempt to give examples of the unique science achievable with each is made, and particular emphasis is on the unique aspects of a dedicated Cometary Composition Telescope in earth orbit for investigating the chemical and structural heterogeneity of the cometary nucleus
Can commitments cause counterpreferential choices?
Commitments are crucial for our lives but there is no consensus on how commitments and preferences relate to each other. In this paper, we present three empirical studies that provide evidence that people sometimes choose a less preferred option when they have made a commitment
A Tachyonic Gluon Mass: Between Infrared and Ultraviolet
The gluon spin coupling to a Gaussian correlated background gauge field
induces an effective tachyonic gluon mass. It is momentum dependent and
vanishes in the UV only like 1/p^2. In the IR, we obtain stabilization through
a positive m^2_{conf}(p^2) related to confinement. Recently a purely
phenomenological tachyonic gluon mass was used to explain the linear rise in
the q\bar q static potential at small distances and also some long standing
discrepancies found in QCD sum rules. We show that the stochastic vacuum model
of QCD predicts a gluon mass with the desired properties.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX, 2 figures using eps
Putting Pain in its Proper Place
In a series of articles in this journal, Michael Tye (2002) and Paul Noordhof (2001, 2002) have sparred over the correct explanation of the putative invalidity of the following argument: the pain is in my fingertip; the fingertip is in my mouth; therefore, the pain is in my mouth. Whereas Tye explains the failure of the argument by stating that “pain” creates an intensional context, Noordhof maintains that the “in” in “the pain is in my fingertip” is not spatial, but has state-attributing character. In this paper, we offer a third account, explaining the failure of the argument through state-attributing pragmatic implicatures. Empirical evidence is provided in support of this account
Can the AML/CTF systems be evaluated without better data?
The Anti-Money Laundering regime has been important in harmonizing laws and institutions, and has received global political support. Yet there has been minimal effort at evaluation of how well any AML intervention does in achieving its goals. There are no credible estimates either of the total amount laundered (globally or nationally) nor of most of the specific serious harms that AML aims to avert. Consequently, reduction of these is not a plausible outcome measure. There have been few efforts by country evaluators in the FATF Mutual Evaluation Reports (MERs) to acquire qualitative data or seriously analyze either quantitative or qualitative data. We find that data are relatively unimportant in policy development and implementation. Moreover, the long gaps of about 8 years between evaluations mean that widely used ‘country risk’ models for AML are forced still to rely largely on the 3rd Round evaluations whose use of data was minimal and inconsistent. While the 4th round MERs (2014–2022) have made an effort to be more systematic in the collection and analysis of data, FATF has still not established procedures that provide sufficiently informative evaluations. Our analysis of five recent National Risk Assessments (a major component of the new evaluations) in major countries shows little use of data, though the UK is notably better than the others. In the absence of more consistent and systematic data analysis, claims that countries have less or more effective systems will be open to allegations of ad hoc, impressionistic or politicized judgments. This reduces their perceived legitimacy, though this does not mean that the AML efforts and the evaluation processes themselves have no effects
Anti-money laundering: an inquiry into a disciplinary transnational legal order
This Article enquires into the case of one of the most comprehensive,
far-reaching, most deeply penetrating, and most punitive of TLOs: antimoney
laundering. Drawing on an intensive study at a moment when its
governing norms and methodologies of implementation were undergoing
revision and expansion, as well as on observation and participation in
AML/CFT activities over three decades, the Article brings rich empirical
evidence to bear on two theoretical issues. First, despite its seemingly
successful institutionalization, the AML TLO exhibits many deficiencies
and imposes extensive costs on the private and public sectors, and harms
upon the public. Why doesn’t it fail? Second, the pervasiveness and
penetration of the AML TLO indicates it may constitute a particular
species of “disciplinary” TLOs. To address these issues, the Article, first,
briefly sketches the thirty-year development and workings of the AML
TLO; second, considers its benefits, costs, deficiencies and harms; third,
confronts the puzzle of its persistence; and, fourth, concludes by arguing that
the AML TLO may be distinctive insofar as (1) it has a foundational
assumption of recalcitrant actors who must be monitored to reduce social
harms which (2) legitimates a pervasive surveillance apparatus that is (3)
yoked to punitive criminal institutions and practices which (4) lead to an
elaborate repertoire of discipline that (5) has been multiplied to include
states, financial institutions (e.g. banks), non-state collective actors such as
charities, organized crime families, and individuals such as lawyers,
accountants, and everyday participants in their myriads of transactions in
an integrated global financial system. Those singular properties may in fact
be shared substantially by other TLOs directed at crime. The site of criminal
justice thereby encourages a more differentiated understanding of TLOs in
21st century settings
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