Polar vortex dynamics

Recent work with high resolution, one-layer numerical models of fluid flows resembling those in the real stratosphere has suggested that: (1) the interiors of strong cyclonic vortices like the Antarctic polar vortex may be almost completely isolated laterally from their surroundings - perhaps even completely isolated, under some circumstances; (2) by contrast, material near the edge of such and isolated region can easily be eroded (or mixed one-sidedly) into the surrounding region; and (3) the erosion characteristically produces extremely steep gradients in isentropic distributions of potential vorticity (PV) and of other tracers, possibly down to horizontal length scales of a few kilometers only. Such length scales may occur both at the edge of the main polar vortex and in smaller features outside it, such as thin filamentary structures, produced by the erosion process

Kava - the unfolding story: Report on a work-in-progress.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 8(3), 237-263

Golf courses in Omaha: A recreational geography and land use study

The study inspected the provision of golf courses in Omaha along with surrounding patterns of land use development adjacent to each of the courses. National Recreation and Parks Association (NRPA) provided guidelines to assess the provision of golf to the city, which determined that Omaha was extensively overserved and overdeveloped. The NRPA does not indicate course type to assess the quantity of courses to adequately serve a community and therefore it was proposed that perhaps Omaha has not been overbuilt in the provison of golf to the community. It was also proposed that the golf course does not stand alone in urban space, but more appropriately has been infused as part of a total environment. It was concluded, that by golf course typology, Omaha has not been extensively overserved in the development of golfing recreation to the city. More importantly, certain course types provided to the community a sense of place, as well as contributing to the development of the city. The private regulation courses (eighteen holes), acting as a centrifugal force to the development of Omaha, promoted and guided the growth of the city to the north and the west. To a slightly lesser degree, the public regulation (18-hole) courses provided the same service in contributing to the morphogenesis of the city. The shorter courses of nine-hole length neatly infilled within the city. They not only enhanced the area by the provison of open space, but also quite often they were connected with other forms of outdoor recreation to serve the surrounding residential neighborhoods. Some of the pitch and putt course types were found to be extremely short in length, very compact in there design, and therefore detrimental to the safety of players. Among future considerations, it was suggested that these courses be converted to a different course type of the Cayman version to better provide for the safety of the community