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The development of a proposed summer training institute for teaching improvement specialists.
The Perversion of Democracy in India: The Indian Government\u27s Handling of Dissent in the Punjab
Compton Scattered Transition Radiation from Very High Energy Particles
X-ray transition radiation can be used to measure the Lorentz factor of
relativistic particles. At energies approaching gamma = E/mc^2 = 10^5,
transition radiation detectors (TRDs) can be optimized by using thick (sim 5 -
10 mil) foils with large (5-10 mm) spacings. This implies X-ray energies >100
keV and the use of scintillators as the X-ray detectors. Compton scattering of
the X-rays out of the particle beam then becomes an important effect. We
discuss the design of very high energy detectors, the use of metal radiator
foils rather than the standard plastic foils, inorganic scintillators for
detecting Compton scattered transition radiation, and the application to the
ACCESS cosmic ray experiment.Comment: To be published, Astroparticle Physic
Communications
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article The Georgia Confederate Flag Dispute, by J. Michael Martinez in the summer 2008 issue along with the response of the author
Vacuum field energy and spontaneous emission in anomalously dispersive cavities
Anomalously dispersive cavities, particularly white light cavities, may have
larger bandwidth to finesse ratios than their normally dispersive counterparts.
Partly for this reason, their use has been proposed for use in LIGO-like
gravity wave detectors and in ring-laser gyroscopes. In this paper we analyze
the quantum noise associated with anomalously dispersive cavity modes. The
vacuum field energy associated with a particular cavity mode is proportional to
the cavity-averaged group velocity of that mode. For anomalously dispersive
cavities with group index values between 1 and 0, this means that the total
vacuum field energy associated with a particular cavity mode must exceed . For white light cavities in particular, the group index approaches
zero and the vacuum field energy of a particular spatial mode may be
significantly enhanced. We predict enhanced spontaneous emission rates into
anomalously dispersive cavity modes and broadened laser linewidths when the
linewidth of intracavity emitters is broader than the cavity linewidth.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Improved Constraints on Isotropic Shift and Anisotropies of the Speed of Light using Rotating Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators
We demonstrate that Michelson-Morley tests, which detect direction-dependent
anisotropies in the speed of light, can also be used to place limits upon
isotropic deviations of the vacuum speed of light from , as described by the
photon sector Standard Model Extension (SME) parameter . A
shift in the speed of light that is isotropic in one inertial frame implies
anisotropic shifts in others. Using observer Lorentz covariance, we derive the
time-dependent variations in the relative resonance frequencies of a pair of
electromagnetic resonators that would be generated by such a shift in the rest
frame of the Sun. A new analysis of a recent experimental test of relativity
using this result constrains with a precision of
. This represents the first constraint on
by a Michelson-Morley experiment and the first analysis
of a single experiment to simultaneously set limits on all nine
non-birefringent terms in the photon sector of the SME
Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae into western Florida Bay
The variability in the supply of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) postlarvae and the transport mechanisms of planktonic stages were investigated with field data and simulations of transport. Postlarvae entering the nursery grounds of Florida Bay were collected for three consecutive years at channels that connect the Bay with the Gulf of Mexico, and in channels of the Middle Florida Keys that connect the southeastern margin of the Bay with the Atlantic Ocean. The influx of postlarvae in the Middle Florida Keys was low in magnitude and varied seasonally and among years. In contrast, the greater postlarval influx occurred at the northwestern border of the Bay, where there was a strong seasonal pattern with peaks in influx from July through September each year. Planktonic stages need to travel up to 150 km eastward between spawning grounds (northeast of Dry Tortugas) and nursery grounds (western Florida Bay) in about 30 days, the estimated time of planktonic development for this species. A Lagrangian trajectory model was developed to estimate the drift of planktonic stages across the SW Florida shelf. The model simulated the maximal distance traveled by planktonic stages under various assumptions of behavior. Simulation
results indicated that larvae traveling with the instantaneous current and exhibiting a diel behavior travel up to 65 km and 75% of the larvae travel only 30 km. However, the eastward distance traveled increased substantially when a larval response to tides was added to the behavioral variable (distance increased to 200 km and 85% of larvae traveled 150 km). The question is, when during larval development, and where on the shallow SW Florida shelf, does the tidal response become incorporated into the behavior of pink shrimp
Rethinking Adversariness in Nonjury Criminal Trials
This Article argues that when the jury is withdrawn from the common law criminal trial, the accused suffers an adversarial deficit. This deficit occurs because many of the procedural devices built into the trial process -- particularly those designed to provide the defendant with a meaningful opportunity to contest the case against him and to ensure that any determination of guilt is based solely on the evidence adduced in the courtroom -- are predicated on the existence of a decision-making body that comes cold to the contest, devoid of extraneous knowledge concerning the facts of the case or the relevant principles of law. The authors contend that a number of important changes must be made to procedures in nonjury cases to correct for this deficit and thus to make certain that basic adversary principles are preserved in the nonjury setting
Predicting On-axis Rotorcraft Dynamic Responses Using Machine Learning Techniques
Physical-law-based models are widely utilized in the aerospace industry. One such use is to provide flight dynamics models for use in flight simulators. For human-in-the-loop use, such simulators must run in real-time. Owing to the complex physics of rotorcraft flight, to meet this real-time requirement, simplifications to the underlying physics sometimes have to be applied to the model, leading to errors in the model's predictions of the real vehicle's response. This study investigated whether a machine-learning technique could be employed to provide rotorcraft dynamic response predictions. Machine learning was facilitated using a Gaussian process (GP) nonlinear autoregressive model, which predicted the on-axis pitch rate, roll rate, yaw rate, and heave responses of a Bo105 rotorcraft. A variational sparse GP model was then developed to reduce the computational cost of implementing the approach on large datasets. It was found that both of the GP models were able to provide accurate on-axis response predictions, particularly when the model input contained all four control inceptors and one lagged on-axis response term. The predictions made showed improvement compared to a corresponding physics-based model. The reduction of training data to one-third (rotational axes) or one-half (heave axis) resulted in only minor degradation of the sparse GP model predictions. response predictions. Machine learning was facilitated using a Gaussian process (GP) nonlinear autoregressive model, which predicted the on-axis pitch rate, roll rate, yaw rate, and heave responses of a Bo105 rotorcraft. A variational sparse GP model was then developed to reduce the computational cost of implementing the approach on large datasets. It was found that both of the GP models were able to provide accurate on-axis response predictions, particularly when the model input contained all four control inceptors and one lagged on-axis response term. The predictions made showed improvement compared to a corresponding physics-based model. The reduction of training data to one-third (rotational axes) or one-half (heave axis) resulted in only minor degradation of the sparse GP model predictions.</jats:p
Space biology initiative program definition review. Trade study 6: Space Station Freedom/spacelab modules compatibility
The differences in rack requirements for Spacelab, the Shuttle Orbiter, and the United States (U.S.) laboratory module, European Space Agency (ESA) Columbus module, and the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of Space Station Freedom are identified. The feasibility of designing standardized mechanical, structural, electrical, data, video, thermal, and fluid interfaces to allow space flight hardware designed for use in the U.S. laboratory module to be used in other locations is assessed
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