8,880 research outputs found
Astronomical, physical, and meteorological parameters for planetary atmospheres
A newly compiled table of astronomical, physical, and meteorological parameters for planetary atmospheres is presented. Formulae and explanatory notes for their application and a complete listing of sources are also given
On the viability of bigravity cosmology
We revisit the question of viability of bigravity cosmology as a candidate
for dark energy. In the context of the low energy limit model, where matter
couples to a single metric, we study linear perturbations around homogeneous
and isotropic backgrounds to derive the Poisson's equation for the Newtonian
potential. Extending to second order perturbations, we identify the Vainshtein
radius below which non-linear scalar self interactions conspire to reproduce GR
on local scales. We combine all of these results to determine the parameter
space that allows a late time de-Sitter attractor compatible with observations
and a successful Vainsthein mechanism. We find that the requirement on having a
successful Vainsthein mechanism is not compatible with the existence of
cosmological solutions at early times.Comment: Accepted for publication in PR
A SMALL AND ODIOUS PARTY OLD SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN OPPOSITION TO ABOLITIONISM IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
The Old School Presbyterian Church was the only major evangelical denomination not to divide over slavery prior to the American Civil War. âA Small and Odious Partyâ looks at the nature and the role of the Churchâs opposition to abolitionism in ensuring the continuance of a non-sectional evangelical church in antebellum America. It argues that the anti-abolitionism of the Presbyterian Church concerned a number of issues including: a continued adherence to the old anti-slavery worldview, a defence of the common sense reading of scripture, and the promotion of a conservative philosophy of society. But also that each of these individual concerns represented the continuing vivacity of a conservative worldview dedicated to preserving the national unity of the United States
Large-Scale Influences on Atmospheric River Induced Extreme Precipitation Events Along the Coast of Washington State
Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are responsible for much of the precipitation along the west coast of the United States. In order to accurately predict AR events in numerical weather prediction, subseasonal and seasonal timescales, it is important to understand the large-scale meteorological influence on extreme AR events.Here, characteristics of ARs that result in an extreme precipitation event are compared to typical ARs on the coast of WashingtonState. In addition to more intense water vapor transport, notable differences in the synoptic forcing are present during extreme precipitation events that are not present during typical AR events.In particular, a negatively tilted low pressure system is positioned to the west in the Gulf of Alaska, alongside an upper level jet streak. Subseasonal and seasonal teleconnection patterns are known to influence the weather in the Pacific Northwest. The Madden JulianOscillation (MJO) is shown to be particularly important in determining the strength of precipitation associated with in AR ont he Washington coast
A primary care Symptoms Clinic for patients with medically unexplained symptoms : pilot randomised trial
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Simplified modelling of air source heat pumps producing detailed results
Created by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the UK Governmentâs recommended method of assessing the energy ratings of dwellings. Modelling future complex dwellings, and their servicing systems, will require a more advanced calculation which is as simple as SAP to use but can produce more detailed results. This paper extends a novel advanced dynamic calculation method (IDEAS â Inverse Dynamics based Energy Analysis and Simulation) of assessing the controllability of a building and its servicing systems. IDEAS produces SAP compliant results and allows confident (i.e. calibrated in SAP) predictions to be made regarding the impact of novel heating and renewable energy systems. This paper describes the addition of an Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) model to IDEAS. This allows for detailed analysis to be made of ASHPs in a SAP compliant framework. The benefits of using the IDEAS method is highlighted with capabilities outwith the scope of SAP also possible. For example, IDEAS can be used as sizing tool for a heating system in a building
Push-Pull Control of Motor Output
Inhibition usually decreases inputâoutput excitability of neurons. If, however, inhibition is coupled to excitation in a pushâpull fashion, where inhibition decreases as excitation increases, neuron excitability can be increased. Although the presence of pushâpull organization has been demonstrated in single cells, its functional impact on neural processing depends on its effect on the system level. We studied pushâpull in the motor output stage of the feline spinal cord, a system that allows independent control of inhibitory and excitatory components. Pushâpull organization was clearly present in ankle extensor motoneurons, producing increased peak-to-peak modulation of synaptic currents. The effect at the system level was equally strong. Independent control of the inhibitory component showed that the stronger the background of inhibition, the greater the peak force production. This illustrates the paradox at the heart of pushâpull organization: increased force output can be achieved by increasing background inhibition to provide greater disinhibition
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Associations of Perirenal Fat Thickness with Renal and Systemic Calcified Atherosclerosis.
BackgroundWe investigated associations between perirenal fat thickness and atherosclerotic calcification in six different vascular beds.MethodsUsing a community-based cohort (n=3,919), perirenal fat thickness was estimated from computed tomography scans. It was classified as Q1 (the lowest quartile) to Q4 (the highest quartile) in each sex. Calcification in the carotid arteries, coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and renal arteries was evaluated.ResultsPerirenal fat thickness was associated with older age (P<0.01) and a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (P<0.01 for all). Perirenal fat thickness was independently associated with renal arterial calcification even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking history, and family history of heart diseases in first-degree relatives (odds ratio [OR] per quartile of perirenal fat thickness, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.44). Compared to Q1, the odds of renal arterial calcification in Q4 was about two times higher (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.25). After adjustment for renal arterial calcification and atherosclerotic risk factors, the only other vascular bed where perirenal fat thickness showed a significant association with calcification was the abdominal aorta (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.23; P=0.045).ConclusionPerirenal fat thickness was independently associated with vascular calcification in the renal artery and abdominal aorta
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