Giafferi-Dombre, Natacha. – Une ethnologue à Port-au-Prince

L’ouvrage de Natacha Giafferi-Dombre est le résultat d’une recherche de terrain réalisée à Port-au-Prince dans le cadre de la préparation d’une thèse de doctorat en anthropologie. Disons-le d’emblée : quiconque voudrait trouver une présentation organisée et stable des rapports de races ou de couleurs en Haïti directement corrélée à une division en classes de la société serait plus que déçu par cet ouvrage. Loin des interprétations définitives, l’auteure nous invite à un voyage dans une réalit..

Giafferi-Dombre, Natacha. – Une ethnologue à Port-au-Prince

L’ouvrage de Natacha Giafferi-Dombre est le résultat d’une recherche de terrain réalisée à Port-au-Prince dans le cadre de la préparation d’une thèse de doctorat en anthropologie. Disons-le d’emblée : quiconque voudrait trouver une présentation organisée et stable des rapports de races ou de couleurs en Haïti directement corrélée à une division en classes de la société serait plus que déçu par cet ouvrage. Loin des interprétations définitives, l’auteure nous invite à un voyage dans une réalit..

A competitive analysis of the U.S. motion picture industry

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).by Michael D. Levy.M.S

Vagal Reactions during Cryoballoon-Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Clue for Autonomic Nervous System Modulation?

Although paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be initiated by rapid firing of pulmonary veins (PV) and non-PV triggers, the crucial role of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the initiation and maintenance of AF has long been appreciated in both experimental and clinical studies. The cardiac intrinsic ANS is composed of ganglionated plexi (GPs), located close to the left atrium-pulmonary vein junctions and a vast network of interconnecting neurons. Ablation strategies aiming for complete PV isolation (PVI) remain the cornerstone of AF ablation procedures. However, several observational studies and few randomized studies have suggested that GP ablation, as an adjunctive strategy, might achieve better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radiofrequency-based PVI for both paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal AF. In these patients, vagal reactions (VR) such as vagally mediated bradycardia or asystole are thought to reflect intrinsic cardiac ANS modulation and/or denervation. Vagal reactions occurring during cryoballoon- (CB-) based PVI have been previously reported; however, little is known on resulting ANS modulation and/or prevalence and significance of vagal reactions during PVI with the CB technique. We conducted a review of prevalence, putative mechanisms, and significance of VR during CB-based PVI

Proton acceleration by moderately relativistic laser pulses interacting with solid density targets

International audienceWe use two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations to study the interaction of short-duration, moderately relativistic laser pulses with sub-micrometric dense hydrogen plasma slabs. Particular attention is devoted to proton acceleration by the target normal sheath mechanism. We observed that improved acceleration due to relativistic transparency of the target is unlikely for the shortest pulses, even for ultra-thin (~10 nm) targets. This mechanism would require either longer pulses or higher laser intensities. As the target density and thickness, pulse length, duration and polarization are varied, we see clear relationships between laser irradiance, hot electron temperature and peak proton energy. All these explain why, at a given incident laser energy level, the highest proton energy is not always obtained for the shortest-duration, highest-intensity pulse

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an endoscopic-assisted technique developed to obtain histopathological diagnoses of gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary diseases in real time. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the current literature on CLE and to evaluate the applicability and diagnostic yield of CLE in patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary diseases. A literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, using pertinent keywords without time limitations. Both prospective and retrospective clinical studies that evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy of CLE were eligible for inclusion. Of 662 articles identified, 102 studies were included in the systematic review. The studies were conducted between 2004 and 2015 in 16 different countries. CLE demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus, gastric neoplasms and polyps, colorectal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease,malignant pancreatobiliary strictures, and pancreatic cysts. Although CLE has several promising applications, its use has been limited by its low availability, high cost, and need of specific operator training. Further clinical trials with a particular focus on cost-effectiveness and medicoeconomic analyses, as well as standardized institutional training, are advocated to implement CLE in routine clinical practice

Estimating health state utility from activities of daily living in the French National Hospital Discharge Database: a feasibility study with head and neck cancer

International audienceBackground :Health state utility (HSU) is a core component of QALYs and cost-effectiveness analysis, although HSU is rarely estimated among a representative sample of patients. We explored the feasibility of assessing HSU in head and neck cancer from the French National Hospital Discharge database.Methods:An exhaustive sample of 53,258 incident adult patients with a first diagnosis of head and neck cancer was identified in 2010–2012. We used a cross-sectional approach to define five health states over two periods: three "cancer stages at initial treatment" (early, locally advanced or metastatic stage); a "relapse state" and otherwise a "relapse-free state" in the follow-up of patients initially treated at early or locally advanced stage. In patients admitted in post-acute care, a two-parameter graded response model (Item Response Theory) was estimated from all 144,012 records of six Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and the latent health state scale underlying ADLs was calibrated with the French EQ-5D-3 L social value set. Following linear interpolation between all assessments of the patient, daily estimates of utility in post-acute care were averaged by health state, patient and month of follow-up. Finally, HSU was estimated by health state and month of follow-up for the whole patient population after controlling for survivorship and selection in post-acute care.Results:Head and neck cancer was generally associated with poor HSU estimates in a real-life setting. As compared to “distant metastasis at initial treatment”, mean HSU was higher in other health states, although numerical differences were small (0.45 versus around 0.54). It was primarily explained by the negative effects on HSU of an older age (38.4% aged ≥70 years in “early stage at initial treatment”) and comorbidities (> 50% in other health states). HSU estimates significantly improved over time in the “relapse-free state” (from 8 to 12 months of follow-up).Conclusions:HSU estimates in head and neck cancer were primarily driven by age at diagnosis, comorbidities, and time to assessment of cancer survivors. This feasibility study highlights the potential of estimating HSU within and across severe conditions in a systematic way at the national level