25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis renal osteodystrophy

25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis renal osteodystrophy.BackgroundThe importance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) serum levels in hemodialysis chronic renal failure has not been so far histologically evaluated. Information still lacking relate to the effect of 25-OHD deficiency on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and on bone and its relationship with calcitriol levels.MethodsThis retrospective study has been performed on a cohort of 104 patients on hemodialysis from more than 12 months, subjected to transiliac bone biopsy for histologic, histomorphometric, and histodynamic evaluation. The patients, 61 males and 43 females, mean age 52.9 ± 11.7 years, hemodialysis length 97.4 ± 61.4 months, were treated with standard hemodialysis and did not receive any vitamin D supplementation. Treatment with calcitriol was not underway at the time of the biopsy. Transiliac bone biopsies were performed after double tetracycline labels. In addition, serum intact PTH (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OHD were measured. Calcitriol serum levels was also measured in a subset of patients (N = 53). The patients were divided according to serum 25-OHD levels in three groups: (1) 0 to 15 (15 patients), (2) 15 to 30 (38 patients), and (3) >30 ng/mL (51 patients).ResultsThere was no significant difference in average age, hemodialysis age, serum PTH [490 ± 494, 670 ± 627, and 489 ± 436 pg/mL, respectively (mean ± SD)], alkaline phosphatase, and calcitriol between the three groups. The parameters double-labeled surface, trabecular mineralizing surface, and bone formation rate were significantly lower in group 1 than in the other groups (P < 0.03, < 0.03, and < 0.02, respectively). Osteoblast surface and adjusted apposition rate were borderline significantly lower in group 1 (P < 0.06 and < 0.10). There was no statistical difference in the biochemical and bone parameters between groups 2 and 3. A positive significant correlation was found between several bone static and dynamic parameters and 25-OHD levels in the range 0 to 30 ng/mL, showing a vitamin D dependence of bone turnover at these serum levels. However, actual evidence of an effect on bone of 25-OHD deficiency was found at serum levels below 20 ng/mL. With increasing 25-OHD levels beyond 40 ng/mL, a downslope of parameters of bone turnover was also observed.ConclusionSince PTH serum levels are equally elevated in low and high 25-OHD patients, while calcitriol levels are constantly low, an effect of 25-OHD deficiency (group 1) on bone, consisting of a mineralization and bone formation defect, can be hypothesized. The effect of vitamin D deficiency or bone turnover is found below 20 ng/mL. The optimal level of 25-OHD appears to be in the order of 20 to 40 ng/mL. Levels of the D metabolite higher than 40 ng/mL are accompanied by a reduction of bone turnover

Immunohistochemical localization and mRNA expression of matrix Gla protein and fetuin-A in bone biopsies of hemodialysis patients

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Calidad de la dieta y su relación con estados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre calidad de la alimentación y nivel de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en universitarios

Risk factors of one year increment of coronary calcifications and survival in hemodialysis patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Heart and coronary calcifications in hemodialysis patients are of very common occurrence and linked to cardiovascular events and mortality. Several studies have been published with similar results. Most of them were mainly cross-sectional and some of the prospective protocols were aimed to evaluate the results of the control of altered biochemical parameters of mineral disturbances with special regard to serum calcium, phosphate and CaxP with the use of calcium containing and calcium free phosphate chelating agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in hemodialysis patients classic and some non classic risk factors as predictors of calcification changes after one year and to evaluate the impact of progression on survival.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>81 patients on hemodialysis were studied, with a wide age range and HD vintage. Several classic parameters and some less classic risk factors were studied like fetuin-A, CRP, 25-OHD and leptin. Calcifications, as Agatston scores, were evaluated with Multislice CT basally and after 12-18 months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Coronary artery calcifications were observed in 71 of 81 patients. Non parametric correlations between Agatston scores and Age, HD Age, PTH and CRP were significant. Delta increments of Agatston scores correlated also with serum calcium, CaxP, Fetuin-A, triglycerides and serum albumin. Logistic regression analysis showed Age, PTH and serum calcium as important predictors of Delta Agatston scores. LN transformation of the not normally distributed variables restricted the significant correlations to Age, BMI and CRP. Considering the Delta Agatston scores as dependent, significant predictors were Age, PTH and HDL. A strong association was found between basal calcification scores and Delta increment at one year. By logistic analysis, the one year increments in Agatston scores were found to be predictors of mortality. Diabetic and hypertensive patients have significantly higher Delta scores.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Progression of calcification is of common occurrence, with special regard to elevated basal scores, and is predictive of survival. Higher predictive value of survival is linked to the one year increment of calcification scores. Some classic and non classic risk factors play an important role in progression. Some of them could be controlled with appropriate management with possible improvement of mortality.</p

25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis renal osteodystrophy

Background. The importance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) serum levels in hemodialysis chronic renal failure has not been so far histologically evaluated. Information still lacking relate to the effect of 25-OHD deficiency on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and on bone and its relationship with calcitriol levels. Methods. This retrospective study has been performed on a cohort of 104 patients on hemodialysis from more than 12 months, subjected to transiliac bone biopsy for histologic, histomorphometric, and histodynamic evaluation. The patients, 61 males and 43 females, mean age 52.9 +/- 11.7 years, hemodialysis length 97.4 +/- 61.4 months, were treated with standard hemodialysis and did not receive any vitamin D supplementation. Treatment with calcitriol was not underway at the time of the biopsy. Transiliac bone biopsies were performed after double tetracycline labels. In addition, serum intact PTH (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OHD were measured. Calcitriol serum levels was also measured in a subset of patients (N= 53). The patients were divided according to serum 25-OHD levels in three groups: (1) 0 to 15 (15 patients), (2) 15 to 30 (38 patients), and (3) > 30 ng/mL (51 patients). Results. There was no significant difference in average age, hemodialysis age, serum PTH [490 +/- 494, 670 +/- 627, and 489 +/- 436 pg/mL, respectively (mean +/- SD)], alkaline phosphatase, and calcitriol between the three groups. The parameters double-labeled surface, trabecular mineralizing surface, and bone formation rate were significantly lower in group 1 than in the other groups (P < 0.03, < 0.03, and < 0.02, respectively). Osteoblast surface and adjusted apposition rate were borderline significantly lower in group 1 (P < 0.06 and < 0.10). There was no statistical difference in the biochemical and bone parameters between groups 2 and 3. A positive significant correlation was found between several bone static and dynamic parameters and 25-OHD levels in the range 0 to 30 ng/mL, showing a vitamin D dependence of bone turnover at these serum levels. However, actual evidence of an effect on bone of 25-OHD deficiency was found at serum levels below 20 ng/mL. With increasing 25-OHD levels beyond 40 ng/mL, a downslope of parameters of bone turnover was also observed. Conclusion. Since PTH serum levels are equally elevated in low and high 25-OHD patients, while calcitriol levels are constantly low, an effect of 25-OHD deficiency (group 1) on bone, consisting of a mineralization and bone formation defect, can be hypothesized. The effect of vitamin D deficiency or bone turnover is found below 20 ng/mL. The optimal level of 25-OHD appears to be in the order of 20 to 40 ng/mL. Levels of the D metabolite higher than 40 ng/mL are accompanied by a reduction of bone turnover

Serum osteoprotegerin and renal osteodystrophy

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in University Students

Background: The beginning of university studies is usually associated with lifestyle changes, which can predispose to thedevelopment of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVRF in first-year medical students attending UniversidadNacional del Litoral during 2017.Methods: We conducted an analytical, cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling of 463 first-year students of the Schoolof Medicine. The following CVRF were considered: body mass index (overweight/obesity), waist circumference (InternationalDiabetes Federation criteria), blood pressure (bordeline blood pressure and hypertension), physical activity (low level), tobaccouse (current smoker or history of former smoking), alcohol intake (binge drinking) and diet quality (unhealthy and unhealthybut manageable). The results were expressed as percentages. A hypothesis test was performed to determine a difference inproportions according to sex (α=0.05 and 95% CI.Results: A total of 457 students (18-21 years) were evaluated; 68% were women. The prevalence of borderline blood pressureand hypertension was significantly greater in men (28.9%). Overweight was present in 23% of the students and 18% hadhigh waist circumference, without differences between sexes. The prevalence of current smoking or former smoking waspresent in 17% of the students. Binge drinking was more common in men, while the prevalence of physical inactivity wasmore frequent in women.Conclusion: Most students had at least one CVRF. The high prevalence of men with borderline blood pressure and hypertensionand overweight in both sexes is emphasized. Most students have to change the diet quality.Introducción: El comienzo de los estudios universitarios está asociado a cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden predisponer a la aparición de algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de FRCV en estudiantes de primer año de Medicina (UNL) en 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, de corte transversal. Se realizó muestreo consecutivo en  463 estudiantes de primer año (18-21 años). Los FRCV considerados fueron: IMC (sobrepeso y obesidad), circunferencia cintura (criterios IDF), tensión arterial (presión arterial limítrofe y HTA), actividad física (nivel bajo), consumo de tabaco (ex fumador y fumador actual), consumo de alcohol (consumo excesivo ocasional) y calidad de la dieta (poco saludable y  mejorable). Los resultados se expresaron en porcentajes. Se realizó una prueba de hipótesis para la diferencia de proporciones para determinar diferencias según sexo (α=0,05 e IC del 95%). Resultados: Se evaluaron 457 estudiantes, 68% de sexo femenino. La prevalencia de presión arterial limítrofe fue significativamente mayor en varones (28,9%). La misma tendencia se observó para HTA. El 23% presentó exceso de peso y 18% circunferencia de cintura elevada, sin diferencias entre sexos. El 17% fumaban o fumaron en el pasado. El consumo de alcohol excesivo ocasional fue mayor en los varones, mientras que un bajo nivel de actividad física fue superior en las mujeres. La calidad de la dieta necesita cambios en la mayoría de los estudiantes. Conclusión: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de aplicar medidas preventivas para minimizar o retrasar los riesgos de la ECV en adultos jóvenes