El sistema pronominal en la gramática del japonés del francisco Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (siglo XVIII) : ¿tradición y/u originalidad?.)

Tittelen på min hovedoppgave er Pronomensystemet i fransiskaneren Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés sin spanske gramatikk (17. århundret): Tradisjon og/eller originalitet? (El sistema pronominal en la gramática del japonés del francisco Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés (siglo XVIII): ¿Tradición y/u originalidad?.) Oppgaven tar for seg Arte de la lengua japonesa, dividido en cuatro libros según el arte de Nebrija con algunas voces propias de la escritura y otras de los lenguajes de Ximo y del Cami y con algunos perífrasis y figuras (1738) skrevet av fransiskanerpresten Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Ynes (1688-1747). Oyanguren "reduserte", med utgangspunkt i Nebrija sine tekster, den japanske grammatikken ved å følge den gresklatinske tradisjonen. Han brukte Nebrija sine Introductiones latinae (latinske introduksjoner) som grunnlag, men det var ikke alltid mulig å redusere det japanske språket slik tittelen på Oyanguren sin grammatikk antyder. I en historisk-lingvistisk kontekst er det trolig tre grammatikere som har hatt innflytelse på Oyanguren sitt arbeide: Antonio de Nebrija, João Rodrigues og Diego de Collado. Vi har hatt tre japanske grammatiker før Oyanguren: to grammatikker skrevet på portugisisk av; João Rodrigues (1562-1633): Arte da Lingoa de Iapam composta pello Padre Portugues da Copanhia de Iesv diuidida em tres Livros (1604-08) og Arte breve da lingoa iapoa da arte grande da mesma lingoa, pera os que começam a aprender os primeiros principios della (1620) og en på latin av Diego Collado (midten av de 16. århundre-1638): Ars grammaticae iaponic lingvæ in gratiam et adivtorivm eorum, qui prædicandi Euangelij causa ad Iaponiæ Regnum se voluerint conferre (1632). I første kapittel presenterer jeg den nyere forskingen som er gjort på området, og det teoretisk-lingvistiske fundamentet for misjonærgrammatikken. Gjennom å ta for meg Oyanguren sine forgjengere plasserer jeg hans arbeid i en historisk-lingvistisk kontekst innenfor misjonærlingvistikken. Etter å ha gjort greie for den grammatiske konteksten som misjonærlingvistikken operer i, skisserer jeg i kapittel to de grammatiske ideene som konkret kan knyttes til Oyanguren sin grammatikk. På den måten sporer jeg ideene fra den klassiske gresklatinske grammatikktradisjonen fram til misjonærgrammatikken for på den måten å synliggjøre den gresklatinske innflytelsen på misjonærlingvistikken. For å klargjøre og analysere Oyanguren sin originalitet innenfor misjonærlingvistikken, vier jeg kapittel tre til hans grammatiske analyse. I siste kapittelet som er det mest omfattende i oppgaven konsentrerer jeg meg om analysen og vurderingen av hans deskriptive pronominalsystemet. På den ene siden viser jeg hvilke pronomen han har tatt med i sin grammatikk, og på den andre siden tar jeg for meg noen av de konseptuelle sidene ved de japanske pronomenene som Oyanguren har behandlet på en annen måte enn sine forgjengere i sine studier av det japanske språket

El arte de la lengua de Japón (MS. AFIO, c 1682) de Juan de Jesús: entre Rodrigues, Collado y Oyanguren

Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objeto analizar parte del proceder del estudio de la historiografía lingüística que los misioneros españoles realizaron durante los siglos XVII y XVIII a través de un manuscrito que nunca fue publicado en aquella época. Hasta nuestros días todavía no existe una monografía ni una investigación completa de tal manuscrito desde el ámbito de la historiografía lingüística. Se trata de un manuscrito de la gramática de la lengua japonesa escrita en castellano en 1682 titulado Arte de la lengua de Japón, sacado del que compuso en latín, e imprimió en Roma el m[uy] r[everendo] p[adre] f[ray] Diego Collado, del Orden de Predicadores. Traducido en castellano por f[ray] Juan de Jesús, Religioso Descalço de n[uestro] p[adre] s[an] Francisco. Puesto que el título manifiesta que el autor, Juan de Jesús (s. XVII- c. 1706), traduce la gramática publicada en 1632 por el P. Diego Collado (c. 1587- c. 1641), hasta hoy en día ha sido siempre considerada como una simple traducción de Collado (cfr. Juan de San Antonio 1728a; Henríquez 1728; Zwartjes 2010; Saracho Villalobos 2016). De este modo nos planteamos la siguiente cuestión: ¿Se trata de una mera traducción o tal vez es una refundición única (y no estudiada hasta ahora) de varias obras misioneras? A pesar del valor indudable de las artes japonesas de los misioneros portugueses y españoles, los estudiosos japoneses no dan mucho crédito a la calidad de sus descripciones respecto al japonés de los siglos XVI y XVII. En esta tesis, nos hemos propuesto reevaluar dicha labor descriptora de la historiografía lingüística hispano-lusa. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo, nos parece imprescindible analizar la perspectiva de los misioneros europeos de la época, en particular la de Juan de Jesús, que es el objeto principal de nuestra transcripción y de nuestro estudio. Mediante el estudio de la gramática japonesa de Juan de Jesús se puede completar no solo el vacío lingüístico de una parte de la historia de la gramática japonesa en un momento en que existía una enorme inestabilidad política y social en Japón ocasionada por el cambio dinástico y las guerras civiles, sino también se puede reconstruir en parte de la historia de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de dicha lengua por parte de los sacerdotes extranjeros desde el punto de vista de los europeos, en particular de los misioneros españoles dedicados a la evangelización.Departamento de Filosofía (Filosofía, Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia, Teoría e Historia de la Educación, Filosofía Moral, Estética y Teoría de las Artes)Doctorado en Español: Lingüística, Literatura y Comunicació

Textile Relics Conservation and Effective Cleaning Methods - Conservation of the Korean Youth Baseball Tournament Championship Flag

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the cleaning methods applied to the Korean Youth Baseball Tournament championship flag, Korean cultural asset no. 498, which is currently owned by the Korean Sports Council. This championship flag was first given to the winning baseball team during the Chosun National Athletic Meet in July, 1920 and therefore carries importance in Korean sports history. The conservation process began with the following goals: to understand the current condition of the relic, to reduce the soils, to repair and reinforce the deteriorated areas, and to prevent further major damages to the relic

Exposure to sound vibrations lead to transcriptomic, proteomic and hormonal changes in Arabidopsis

Sound vibration (SV) is considered as an external mechanical force that modulates plant growth and development like other mechanical stimuli (e.g., wind, rain, touch and vibration). A number of previous and recent studies reported developmental responses in plants tailored against SV of varied frequencies. This strongly suggests the existence of sophisticated molecular mechanisms for SV perception and signal transduction. Despite this there exists a huge gap in our understanding regarding the SV-mediated molecular alterations, which is a prerequisite to gain insight into SV-mediated plant development. Herein, we investigated the global gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with five different single frequencies of SV at constant amplitude for 1 h. As a next step, we also studied the SV-mediated proteomic changes in Arabidopsis. Data suggested that like other stimuli, SV also activated signature cellular events, for example, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of primary metabolism, and hormonal signaling. Phytohormonal analysis indicated that SV-mediated responses were, in part, modulated by specific alterations in phytohormone levels; especially salicylic acid (SA). Notably, several touch regulated genes were also up-regulated by SV treatment suggesting a possible molecular crosstalk among the two mechanical stimuli, sound and touch. Overall, these results provide a molecular basis to SV triggered global transcriptomic, proteomic and hormonal changes in plant

Actin Cytoskeleton and Golgi Involvement in Barley stripe mosaic virus Movement and Cell Wall Localization of Triple Gene Block Proteins.

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). BSMV infection of transgenic plants tagged with GFP-KDEL exhibited membrane proliferation and vesicle formation that were especially evident around the nucleus. Similar membrane proliferation occurred in plants expressing TGB2 and/or TGB3, and DsRed: Talin fluorescence in these plants colocalized with the ER vesicles. TGB3 also associated with the Golgi apparatus and overlapped with cortical vesicles appearing at the cell periphery. Brefeldin A treatments disrupted Golgi and also altered vesicles at the CW, but failed to interfere with TGB CW localization. Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3

Role of Transcription Factor Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver not due to alcohol abuse. NAFLD is accompanied by variety of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Although the metabolic link between NAFLD and insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is clear that NAFLD is one of the main cause of insulin resistance. NAFLD is shown to affect the functions of other organs, including pancreas, adipose tissue, muscle and inflammatory systems. Currently efforts are being made to understand molecular mechanism of interrelationship between NAFLD and insulin resistance at the transcriptional level with specific focus on post-translational modification (PTM) of transcription factors. PTM of transcription factors plays a key role in controlling numerous biological events, including cellular energy metabolism, cell-cycle progression, and organ development. Cell type- and tissue-specific reversible modifications include lysine acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Moreover, phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues have been shown to affect protein stability, subcellular distribution, DNA-binding affinity, and transcriptional activity. PTMs of transcription factors involved in insulin-sensitive tissues confer specific adaptive mechanisms in response to internal or external stimuli. Our understanding of the interplay between these modifications and their effects on transcriptional regulation is growing. Here, we summarize the diverse roles of PTMs in insulin-sensitive tissues and their involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance