Antioxidant Properties of Medicinal Plants in Food

U ovom radu je izvršeno kvantitativno određivanje i identifikacija biljnih fenola i  flavonoida etanolih ekstrakata ploda peršuna (Petroselini fructus), kore krušine (Frangulae cortex), lista pitome nane (Mentha piperitae folium), ploda kima (Carvi fructus) i lista breze (Betulae folium), kao i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant® ((Frangulae cortex(35 %),  Mentha piperitae folium(20%),  Carvi fructus(20 %), Petroselini fructus (25 %)). U nastavku istraživanja ispitivana je antioksidantna aktivnosti etanolih ekstrakata primenom direktnih, ESR “spin trap“ spektroskopskih metoda određivanja “skevindžer“ aktivnosti na superoksid anjon i  hidroksil radikale i indirektnih, spektrofotometrijskih testova za određivanje skevindžer“ aktivnosti na DPPH˙ radikale, redoks potencijala i helatacione aktivnosti, kao i antioksidantne aktivnosti u sistemu  β-karoten-linolna kiselina. Osim navedenog, deo istraživanja je posvećen ispitivanju termičke stabilnosti ekstrakata navedenih biljaka i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant® radi sticanja uvida u mogućnost njihove primene u  pekarskim proizvodima. U poslednjoj fazi rada, izvršeno je određivanje sposobnosti pulvisa i etanolnog ekstrakta komercijalnog  preparata Vitalplant® da inhibiraju oksidaciju lipida u keksu, primenom spektrofotometrijskih testova “skevindžer“ aktivnosti  na DPPH˙ radikale i MDA testa. Ispitane biljne sirovine, kao i komercijalni preparat Vitalplant® su bogat izvor jedinjenja iz klase biljnih fenola. Sve ispitane biljne droge poseduju antioksidantnu aktivnost, koja se značajno ne menja usled termičkog tretmana. Dodatak biljne mešavine Vitalplant® , upravo proporcionalno njenom sadržaju,  dovodi do povećanja antioksidantne aktivnosti keksa i smanjenja stepena lipidne peroksidacije. In this paper, quantitative determination and identification of plant phenolics and flavonoids of ethanolic extracts obtained from parsley fruit (Petroselini fructus), buckthorn bark (Frangulae cortex), mint leaves (Mentha piperitae folium), caraway fruit  (Carvi fructus), birch leaves (Betulae folium), as well as from commercial preparation Vitalplant® ((Frangulae cortex(35 %), Mentha piperitae folium (20%), Carvi fructus(20 %), Petroselini fructus (25 %)) was performed. In addition, antioxidant  activity of ethanolic extracts was tested, by applying direct, ESR “spin trap“  spectroscopic methods for the determination of scavenging activity on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and indirect, spectrophotometric methods for the determination of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating activity and antioxidant activity in  β-carotene-linoleic acid model system. Moreover, thermal stability of the ethanolic extracts was tested in order to get insight into possible application of the extracts in bakery products. Finally, the ability of the commercial preparation Vitalplant®, in the form of powder and extract, to inhibit oxidative changes of cookies was tested by applying spectrophotometric DPPH radical scavenging and MDA tests. According to obtained results, investigated plant samples, including commercial preparation Vitalplant®, are rich source of plant phenolics. Investigated plant drugs possess antioxidant activity, which is not significantly changed after the thermal treatment. Cookie supplementation with commercial preparation Vitalplant® results in  better oxidative stability of lipids and enhanced antioxidant activity of the cookies

Antioxidant Properties of Medicinal Plants in Food

U ovom radu je izvršeno kvantitativno određivanje i identifikacija biljnih fenola i  flavonoida etanolih ekstrakata ploda peršuna (Petroselini fructus), kore krušine (Frangulae cortex), lista pitome nane (Mentha piperitae folium), ploda kima (Carvi fructus) i lista breze (Betulae folium), kao i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant® ((Frangulae cortex(35 %),  Mentha piperitae folium(20%),  Carvi fructus(20 %), Petroselini fructus (25 %)). U nastavku istraživanja ispitivana je antioksidantna aktivnosti etanolih ekstrakata primenom direktnih, ESR “spin trap“ spektroskopskih metoda određivanja “skevindžer“ aktivnosti na superoksid anjon i  hidroksil radikale i indirektnih, spektrofotometrijskih testova za određivanje skevindžer“ aktivnosti na DPPH˙ radikale, redoks potencijala i helatacione aktivnosti, kao i antioksidantne aktivnosti u sistemu  β-karoten-linolna kiselina. Osim navedenog, deo istraživanja je posvećen ispitivanju termičke stabilnosti ekstrakata navedenih biljaka i komercijalnog preparata Vitalplant® radi sticanja uvida u mogućnost njihove primene u  pekarskim proizvodima. U poslednjoj fazi rada, izvršeno je određivanje sposobnosti pulvisa i etanolnog ekstrakta komercijalnog  preparata Vitalplant® da inhibiraju oksidaciju lipida u keksu, primenom spektrofotometrijskih testova “skevindžer“ aktivnosti  na DPPH˙ radikale i MDA testa. Ispitane biljne sirovine, kao i komercijalni preparat Vitalplant® su bogat izvor jedinjenja iz klase biljnih fenola. Sve ispitane biljne droge poseduju antioksidantnu aktivnost, koja se značajno ne menja usled termičkog tretmana. Dodatak biljne mešavine Vitalplant® , upravo proporcionalno njenom sadržaju,  dovodi do povećanja antioksidantne aktivnosti keksa i smanjenja stepena lipidne peroksidacije. In this paper, quantitative determination and identification of plant phenolics and flavonoids of ethanolic extracts obtained from parsley fruit (Petroselini fructus), buckthorn bark (Frangulae cortex), mint leaves (Mentha piperitae folium), caraway fruit  (Carvi fructus), birch leaves (Betulae folium), as well as from commercial preparation Vitalplant® ((Frangulae cortex(35 %), Mentha piperitae folium (20%), Carvi fructus(20 %), Petroselini fructus (25 %)) was performed. In addition, antioxidant  activity of ethanolic extracts was tested, by applying direct, ESR “spin trap“  spectroscopic methods for the determination of scavenging activity on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and indirect, spectrophotometric methods for the determination of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, chelating activity and antioxidant activity in  β-carotene-linoleic acid model system. Moreover, thermal stability of the ethanolic extracts was tested in order to get insight into possible application of the extracts in bakery products. Finally, the ability of the commercial preparation Vitalplant®, in the form of powder and extract, to inhibit oxidative changes of cookies was tested by applying spectrophotometric DPPH radical scavenging and MDA tests. According to obtained results, investigated plant samples, including commercial preparation Vitalplant®, are rich source of plant phenolics. Investigated plant drugs possess antioxidant activity, which is not significantly changed after the thermal treatment. Cookie supplementation with commercial preparation Vitalplant® results in  better oxidative stability of lipids and enhanced antioxidant activity of the cookies

Potential health benefits of blueberry and raspberry pomace as functional food ingredients: Dietetic intervention study on healthy women volunteers

The fruit juice industry generates pomace as a valuable by-product especially rich in polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. In the cookies used in this study, 30% of the gluten-free flour was replaced with dried and ground blueberry and raspberry pomace, rich source of polyphenols, dietary fibers, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid. In order to examine whether the addition of blueberry and raspberry pomace in cookie formulation can have beneficial effects on certain blood parameters and anthropometric measurements, the designed cookies were tested in 20 healthy, normally fed female subjects, aged 30–50 years (41.35 ± 8.58 years) over four-week dietetic intervention study. Significant changes in the composition of fatty acids serum phospholipids, decrease in LDL-cholesterol level (20.16%), increase in adiponectin level (25.52%) and decrease in ALT and AST values were observed, thus indicating that inclusion of cookies containing blueberry and raspberry dried and ground pomace to usual diet might have positive effects on certain cardiovascular risk factors and liver function indicators

Novel insights to the anti-proliferative activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) co-treatment

The aim of this study was to characterize volatile and non-volatile compounds of rosemary from the North Adriatic region and to determine its antiproliferative activity, alone or in combination with radiomimetic bleomycin (BLM) on three malignant and one non-transformed human cell lines. Chemi-cal analysis of the volatile compounds revealed the presence of monoterpenes (93.8%), among which 1.8-cineol (32.9%) and camphor (15.5%) were the dominant compounds. Also, obtained results showed that the major polyphenolic constituents in rosemary extract were phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid and its derivatives up to 69.2 mg 100 g -1), as well as flavones and flavonols in the following order: lute-olin>isorhamnetin>quercetin>kaempferol>apigenin. Cell growth tests showed that rosemary extract alone exerted moderate antiproliferative activity, as well as a synergistic antiproliferative effect with bleomycin (EC 50 344.3-461.5 µg mL -1 and 58.6-292 µg mL -1 , respectively). The anti-tumor effect of rosemary extract in combination with BLM was much stronger, compared to BLM itself on the breast cancer cells. Through its proposed sensitizing effect, rosemary extract, in combination with the standard chemotherapeutics, could be used for the investigations of possible therapeutic modalities

Antioksidativna aktivnost fitinske kiseline u lipidnom modelnom sustavu

Free radicals formed during thermal (60 °C, 24 h) and catalytic (Fe2+ ions, room temperature (23±1) °C, 3 h) oxidative degradation of hydroperoxyde-enriched soybean oil (HESO) were stabilized in the presence of spin trap N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) and detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. In both thermal and catalytic oxidation of HESO, the same hyperfine coupling parameters (aN=14.75 G and aH β=2.80 G) confirmed the generation of PBN-OOL/-OL spin adducts. The antiradical activity (AA) of phytic acid, in the 0.076–0.30 mM concentration range, was tested by measuring its ability to inhibit the generation of PBN-OOL/-OL spin adducts during thermal and catalytic oxidation of HESO. Phytic acid did not inhibit the thermal oxidation of HESO and showed no effect in the β-carotene bleaching test (AOA). Contrary to this, phytic acid exhibited antioxidant effect on the catalytic oxidation of HESO by chelating Fe2+ ions. The mechanism of antioxidant activity was confirmed by the results of chelating activity on Fe2+ in Fe2+-ferrozine test where a dose-dependent chelating activity of phytic acid was obtained.Slobodni radikali koji se stvaraju tijekom toplinske (60 °C, 24 h) ili katalitičke (Fe2+ ioni, sobna temperatura (23±1) °C, 3 h) oksidativne razgradnje sojinog ulja, obogaćenog hidroperoksidom (HESO), stabilizirani su pomoću spinske zamke N-tert-butil-α-fenilnitrona (PBN) i određivani spektrometrijom elektronske spinske rezonancije (ESR). Hiperfini parametri sparivanja (aN=14,75 G i aHβ=2,80 G) potvrdili su nastajanje PBN-OOL/-OL spinskih adukata pri toplinskoj i katalitičkoj oksidaciji HESO. Ispitana je antiradikalna aktivnost fitinske kiseline (u rasponu koncentracija od 0,076-0,30 mM), tj. njezina sposobnost da spriječi stvaranje PBN-OOL/-OL spinskih adukata tijekom toplinske i katalitičke oksidacije HESO. Fitinska kiselina nije zaustavila toplinsku oksidaciju HESO, niti je bila djelotvorna pri izbjeljivanju β-karotena. Naprotiv, pokazala je antiksidativno djelovanje pri katalitičkoj oksidaciji HESO keliranjem Fe2+ iona. Njezino je antioksidativno djelovanje potvrđeno rezultatima keliranja Fe2+ iona u Fe2+-ferozin testu u kojem je dobivena aktivnost fitinske kiseline ovisila o koncentraciji

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) Extraction Improves Polyphenol Yield and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extracts

Funding Information: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT Funding: This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, 6060592, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Green Agri-Food Solutions—DEStiny and 7750168, Novel extracts and bioactive compounds from under-utilized resources for high-value applications—BioUtilize. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020—European Research Council (ERC)—under grant agreement No ERC-2016-CoG 725034. T Funding Information: This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, 6060592, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Green Agri-Food Solutions?DEStiny and 7750168, Novel extracts and bioactive compounds from under-utilized resources for high-value applications?BioUtilize. This project received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020?European Research Council (ERC)?under grant agreement No ERC-2016-CoG 725034. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) herbal dust has been recognized as a potential underutilized resource for the recovery of antioxidants. The aim of this paper was to optimize natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extraction of polyphenols to obtain improved antioxidant activity of extracts determined by selected in vitro assays (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS). Twenty different NADES systems were investigated in the first step of the screening of the extraction solvent and L-proline (Pro)–glycerine (Gly) based solvents provided the best results. Preliminary experiments organized by 25−1 fractional factorial design narrowed down the number of extraction factors from five (temperature, extraction time, NADES type, water content and L/S ratio) to three and determined their experimental domain for the final step. A face-centered central composite design with temperature (40–55–70 °C), extraction time (60–120–180 min) and L/S ratio (10–20–30 g NADES/g sample) was applied for influence analysis and process optimization. Multi-response optimization suggested a temperature of 65 °C, time of extraction of 180 min and L/S ratio of 28 g NADES/g DW as optimal extraction parameters. Experimental validation confirmed good agreement between experimental and predicted results in the extract obtained at optimal conditions and the interactions in the most suitable NADES (N16; Pro–Gly–H2O; 1:2:1) were confirmed by the1H-NMR.publishersversionpublishe

Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)

Grant No. 451-03-9/2021-14/ 200222 Grant no ERC-2016-CoG 72503Defatted raspberry seeds were used as an alternative source of antioxidants and ellagic acid (EA) extracted using Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In the preliminary study, the best NADES combination (citric acid-betaine) and the most influential variables (temperature, time, and NADES/plant ratio) were selected for the further optimization process. All samples were analyzed in terms of total polyphenol, EA content, and antioxidant activity. Two sets of optimal conditions were generated by response surface methodology. The first set (Opt1) was designed for higher conversion of ellagitannins to EA while the latter set (Opt2) for higher EA content/100 g extract. Opt1 and Opt2 had higher values for all investigated responses compared to 80% ethanolic extract but had a lower conversion rate of ellagitannins to EA compared to acidified methanol extract. The third set of parameters (Opt3) selected beyond the initial experimental domain was used to obtain a sample with the highest EA content/100 g extract. Due to their nature, NADES extracts are ready to use and could have various technological roles in products since they are antioxidants, acidifiers, and colorants. NADES raspberry extracts exhibited higher anti-proliferative activity compared to ethanolic extracts in terms of EC50 values. However, the main contributor of anti-cancer activity in NADES raspberry extracts were individual NADES compounds and/or their newly formed NADES structure.publishersversionpublishe

Elisa and HPLC analyses of deoxynivalenol in maize and wheat

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a part of the family of mycotoxins called trichothecenes which are produced by a number of different Fusarium mold species. The presence of DON in 25 wheat and 25 maize samples was examined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. The presence of DON was detected and determined in 5 (20%) maize and 6 (25%) wheat samples by both of the methods. Correlation between ELISA and HPLC results was established, with the correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9691 and 0.9735 for wheat and maize samples, respectively. The results obtained by ELISA method were significantly higher than those obtained by HPLC method. This fact can be explained by the presence of conjugated or masked mycotoxins in the samples, especially DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-Glc), which could not be determined by HPLC method due to the lack of external standards. Contrary to this, being insufficiently selective towards masked DON, ELISA method measures total DON content of a sample. According to the obtained results, ELISA can be used as a reliable screening method, but the confirmation of positive results must be done by HPLC method