Histological analysis of the pulp tissue of rats with testosterone deficiency submitted to orthodontic tooth movement induced / Análise histológica do tecido pulpar de ratos com deficiência de testosterona submetidos à movimentação dentária ortodôntica induzida

Considering the increased demand for orthodontic treatments in adult and elderly patients, with possible hormonal changes caused by age, this study carried out a histological analysis of pulp alterations in the molars of testosterone-deficient rats submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM), aiming at a better understanding of the pulp’s biological aspects. Thirty-two Wistar rats were used in four experimental groups, with 8 animals in each: G1 –control group animals, without experimental manipulation; G2 – animals submitted to bilateral orchidectomy; G3 – animals submitted to ITM technique; G4 – castrated animals submitted to ITM. We used a nickel-titanium (NiTi) spring to induce tooth movement, exerting a force of 50cN magnitude on the first upper molar. Seven days after the installation of the ITM device, the animals were euthanized, the jaws were dissected and stored in 10% formaldehyde for 24 hours and processed with routine histological techniques. We evaluated the efficiency of the force and verified tooth movement by measuring the distance between the first and second molars, at the cementoenamel junction level. The groups were histologically evaluated in terms of cellularity pattern, presence of dystrophic and hemodynamic alterations in the dental pulp. The ITM device succeeded in inducing tooth movement in the animals of groups G3 and G4, which differed from each other, with a higher movement rate in the group submitted to castration associated with ITM (G4). In the comparative analysis of groups, the animals’ pulp in groups G1 and G2 (not submitted to ITM) presented histological characteristics typical of the pulp tissue. We found no dystrophic changes such as necrosis, fibrosis, nodules, or calcifications in the pulp of experimental animals that could be attributed to ITM. The animals with orthodontic movement, castrated or not, presented dilated and congested vessels, in addition to hyalinized vessels in the root and coronary pulp. However, we observed no histological changes that could be attributed to testosterone deficiency. Thus, in this experimental model, testosterone deficiency did not cause morphological and degenerative changes in the pulp during tooth movement. The vascular alterations observed in the animals resulted from the orthodontic process

A PUBLICIDADE E OS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS RIO/2016: PRIMEIRAS INCURSÕES EM TORNO DE UMA CULTURA DE CONVERGÊNCIA TRANSMIDIÁTICA

O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar e analisar as narrativas transmidiáticas da publicidade nos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio/2016, e as representações da cultura esportiva presentes nos anúncios veiculados no contexto de uma cultura da convergência. Pautado em uma metodologia descritiva, de cunho exploratório, o levantamento do corpus de análise foi feito através do mapeamento dos patrocinadores oficiais do evento e do Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI), para que fosse possível selecionar alguns casos significativos, interpretados à luz do método compreensivo de Ferrés. Achados iniciais confirmam a hipótese de que uma gama de estratégias e produções publicitárias é organizada por conta do evento esportivo, que é explorado em sua potência mercadológica. As publicidades encontradas extrapolam o meio televiso apontando tendência para sua inserção no meio digital (internet), e associam representações do esporte com produtos e serviços diversos. O aprofundamento das questões pode conduzir a reflexões pedagógicas e subversivas do uso publicitário das narrativas transmidiáticas no cenário de construção de uma Educação Física escolar orientada pela reflexão crítica.Rede CEDE

Avaliação dos efeitos da castração associada ao traumatismo dentário na movimentação ortodôntica em ratos / Evaluation of the effects of castration associated with dental trauma on orthodontic movement in rats

O sucesso da movimentação dentária em dentes traumatizados depende da severidade da injuria, sendo a reabsorção radicular uma consequência indesejável e possível de ocorrer antes, durante e após o tratamento ortodôntico. Além disso o status hormonal do paciente tem um grande impacto na conduta do profissional, uma vez que pode influenciar diretamente o sucesso do tratamento ortodôntico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos  da movimentação dentária induzida e da deficiência de testosterona sobre a  taxa de movimentação dentária  e estrutura histológica de dentes traumatizados.  Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar, separados em 4 grupos experimentais (n=6 animais/grupo): MDI: composto por animais que foram submetidos a movimentação dentária induzida (MDI); MDI+CAST: composto por animais que foram submetidos à MDI e orquidectomia bilateral; MDI+TD:  composto por animais que foram submetidos à  MDI e ao traumatismo dentário e MDI+CAST+TD: composto por animais que foram submetidos à MDI, ao TD e a orquidectomia bilateral. Após o período experimental os animais foram eutanasiados, pesados e as maxilas foram retiradas, fixadas em formol a 10%, descalcificadas, cortadas a 5 µm e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Ao final do período experimental não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no ganho de peso corporal dos animais. A orquidectomia aumentou a taxa de MDI nos animais dos grupos MDI+CAST e MDI+CAST+TD, quando comparado aos demais grupos experimentais, sendo que a maior taxa de movimentação foi observada nos animais do grupo MDI+CAST+TD. Histologicamente, em todos os animais submetidos a movimentação ortodôntica foi observada a presença de células inflamatórias no ligamento periodontal e  osteoclastos ao redor do osso alveolar. Em todos os  grupos foram experimentais foram observadas lacunas de reabsorção radicular. Nos animais controle (MDI) as reabsorções foram leves afetando apenas a estrutura do cemento. Nos grupos MDI+CAST e MDI+TD foram observadas reabsorções radiculares moderadas, com degradação do cemento e dentina. No grupo MDI+CAST+TD foram observada reabsorções radiculares mais severas com extensas lacunas e degradação de dentina radicular.  Conclui-se que a o déficit androgênico, induzido neste estudo pela castração dos animais,  aumentou a taxa de movimentação  dentária ortodôntica e a associação do traumatismo dentário com a orquidectomia potencializou os efeitos da movimentação dentária induzida sobre o processo de reabsorção radicular

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt