Investigation of ultrafast laser photonic material interactions: challenges for directly written glass photonics

Currently, direct-write waveguide fabrication is probably the most widely studied application of femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent dielectrics. Devices such as buried waveguides, power splitters, couplers, gratings and optical amplifiers have all been demonstrated. Waveguide properties depend critically on the sample material properties and writing laser characteristics. In this paper we discuss the challenges facing researchers using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique with specific emphasis being placed on the suitability of fused silica and phosphate glass as device hosts for different applications.Comment: 11 pages, 87 references, 11 figures. Article in revie

Effect of stellar wind induced magnetic fields on planetary obstacles of non-magnetized hot Jupiters

We investigate the interaction between the magnetized stellar wind plasma and the partially ionized hydrodynamic hydrogen outflow from the escaping upper atmosphere of non- or weakly magnetized hot Jupiters. We use the well-studied hot Jupiter HD 209458b as an example for similar exoplanets, assuming a negligible intrinsic magnetic moment. For this planet, the stellar wind plasma interaction forms an obstacle in the planet's upper atmosphere, in which the position of the magnetopause is determined by the condition of pressure balance between the stellar wind and the expanded atmosphere, heated by the stellar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. We show that the neutral atmospheric atoms penetrate into the region dominated by the stellar wind, where they are ionized by photo-ionization and charge exchange, and then mixed with the stellar wind flow. Using a 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, we show that an induced magnetic field forms in front of the planetary obstacle, which appears to be much stronger compared to those produced by the solar wind interaction with Venus and Mars. Depending on the stellar wind parameters, because of the induced magnetic field, the planetary obstacle can move up to ~0.5-1 planetary radii closer to the planet. Finally, we discuss how estimations of the intrinsic magnetic moment of hot Jupiters can be inferred by coupling hydrodynamic upper planetary atmosphere and MHD stellar wind interaction models together with UV observations. In particular, we find that HD 209458b should likely have an intrinsic magnetic moment of 10-20% that of Jupiter.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, accepted to MNRA

On the Stability of a Solution of a Guarantee Optimization Problem under a Functional Constraint on the Disturbance

The paper deals with a control problem for a dynamical system under disturbances. In addition to geometric constraints on the disturbance, it is supposed that all disturbance realizations belong to some unknown L1-compact set. The control is aimed at minimization of a given quality index. Within the game-theoretical approach, the problem of optimizing the guaranteed result is studied. For solving this problem, we use a control procedure with a guide. The paper is focused on the questions of stability of this control procedure with respect to informational and computational errors. The results are illustrated by numerical simulation. © 201

Evaluation of biomarkers in the studies of keloid tissue after laser therapy

In this paper, we discuss what biomarkers to choose if there is a need to describe the results of laser therapy targeting keloid skin. We elevate the known cytomarkers (Krt14, Lgals7, Krt5, Dcn, Lum, Igfbp5, Cd31, Vwf, Stambpl1, Uqcrb, Cd3 and Acta2), biomarkers of the inflammatory response (Cd45/Ptprc, Adgre1, Ly6g, Il1b, Il4, Il13, Il22, Cxcl2 и Ccl17), as well as the proteins of extracellular matrix (type I and III collagens; precursors of COL5A1 and COLA1A; FTL, COL3A1, PGLS, CNN2, ANXA2, TPSAB1, COL12A1, precursors of APCS and ALB), and their encoding genes (FGF7, BAX, CCND1, MMP3, MMP9, CXCL1, -2, -5, -6 and -12; IL8, S100A7 and IL1A), those expression and co-location may potentially change the appearance and internal structure of damaged skin. We also describe how to choose biomarkers using the results genomic studies and their limitations. Moreover, we provide examples of how different groups of gene and protein biomarkers are used in experimental biology and clinical practice. According to the previously published data, well-known biomarkers verified on animal models, depend on their biological effects, let to characterize structural changes and changes in the composition of cells represented at the site of damage before and after the treatment. In addition, the published experimental and clinical data provide an opportunity to analyze the efficiency of new experimental approaches and compare them to each other

KTM TOKAMAK OPERATION SCENARIOS SOFTWARE INFRASTRUCTURE

One of the largest problems for tokamak devices such as Kazakhstan Tokamak for Material Testing (KTM) is the operation scenarios' development and execution. Operation scenarios may be varied often, so a convenient hardware and software solution is required for scenario management and execution. Dozens of diagnostic and control subsystems with numerous configuration settings may be used in an experiment, so it is required to automate the subsystem configuration process to coordinate changes of the related settings and to prevent errors. Most of the diagnostic and control subsystems software at KTM was unified using an extra software layer, describing the hardware abstraction interface. The experiment sequence was described using a command language.The whole infrastructure was brought together by a universal communication protocol supporting various media, including Ethernet and serial links. The operation sequence execution infrastructure was used at KTM to carry out plasma experiments

Influence of Solar Activity on the Ecological Processes of the Naturally-Protected Territories of Westrn Polesie: Problem or Hypothesis?

Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень та аналізу деяких проявів сонячної активності та геоефективної реакції на них низки біотичних та абіотичних компонентів біогеосистеми природно-заповідних територій Західного Полісся, виконаних з використанням сучасних інструментальних засобів (декаметровий радіотелескоп УРАН-3, транскордонна мережа моніторингу ґрунтів, цифрова метеостанція тощо) та наземних спостережень змін стану цих компонентів. Розглянуто вплив довготривалих циклічних геліопроцесів на екологічні процеси і вплив спорадичних короткотривалих компонентів сонячної активності, які обумовлюють геомагнітні збурення та збурення природного атмосферного інфразвуку в біогеосистемі. Results of experimental researches and analysis of some solar eruptive events and geo-efficient reaction on them of row of biotic and abiotic components of the West Polesie naturally-protected territories biogeosystem executed with the use of modern tools (decameter radio-telescope URAN-3, transboundary network of soils monitoring, digital weather-station and others like that) and ground-based supervisions of changes of these components state, have been presented. Influence on the ecological processes of the long-term cyclic helio-processes and influence of the short-term sporadic solar eruptive events, which cause the geomagnetic and infrasound activity in the biogeosystem, are consideredРоботу виконано у Фізико-механічному інституті ім. Г. В. Карпенка НАН України та Львівському центрі Інституту космічних досліджень НАН України та НКА Україн

Studies of Genetic Diversity of Yersinia pestis Strains Isolated in Central-Caucasian High-Mountain Natural Plague Focus

Studied have been Yersinia pestis strains isolated in Central-Caucasian high-mountain natural plague focus within the period of 1971–2012 using MLVA typing on 25 VNTR-loci. Analysis of dendrogram cluster association with certain areas, objects, and periods of the strain isolation has been carried out by means of Arc GIS 10.1 software. Established has been the connection between 25 MLVA Y. pestis types and spatial and temporal characteristics of strains isolation in the Central-Caucasian high-mountain natural plague focus, and proline requirement too. Clusters, groups and subgroups of the strains are confined to particular territories as it follows: groups are attributed to landscape-epizootiological regions, subgroups – to mountain souslik settlements. Occasionally groups of the strains disseminate onto the other landscape-epizootiological regions of the focus. Genetic variations of plague agent strains within the limits of mountain souslik settlements evolve over time which can be viewed as indirect evidence of microevolution mechanism effect

A survey on software defect prediction using deep learning

Defect prediction is one of the key challenges in software development and programming language research for improving software quality and reliability. The problem in this area is to properly identify the defective source code with high accuracy. Developing a fault prediction model is a challenging problem, and many approaches have been proposed throughout history. The recent breakthrough in machine learning technologies, especially the development of deep learning techniques, has led to many problems being solved by these methods. Our survey focuses on the deep learning techniques for defect prediction. We analyse the recent works on the topic, study the methods for automatic learning of the semantic and structural features from the code, discuss the open problems and present the recent trends in the field. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Pathomorphological and pathochemical characteristic of the osteomyelitis focus in patients with diabetic osteoarthropathy (Charcot foot)

BACKGROUND: Osteomyelitis in diabetic osteoarthropathy occurs in 65 % of cases, and it is the main cause of non-traumatic amputations. The choice of optimal treatment technologies should be based on understanding the pathogenetic characteristics of this disease.AIM: To study the pathomorphological and pathochemical picture of osteomyelitic focus in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Object — 20 patients (55.3±9.33 years) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy, chronic osteomyelitis of the foot bones. The treatment consisted in surgical debridement of the purulent focus with the material collection for pathomorphological and biochemical studies, and in reposition and alignment of bone fragments with the leg and foot fixation using the Ilizarov fixator in order to form bone ankylosis of the compromised joint.RESULTS: Subacute and acute course of chronic osteomyelitis was registered in 80 % of cases. As for the pathohistological changes in bone tissue, the following ones were the most significant: necrosis and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate of varying severity depending on the phase of the inflammatory process. The articular cartilage structure was broken in all the cases. Activation of osteoclasts was observed in the osteomyelitis focus, especially in the subchondral zone. There was no subchondral bone plate in most cases, or only its fragments remained. Pathohistological examination of the soft tissues associated with the osteomyelitis focus indicated the presence of mirocirculatory and denervation disorders due to necrosis and hyalinosis of a significant part of microvessels against the background of compensatory hypervascularisation and chronic inflammation, narrowing and obliteration of the lumens of feeding arteries, almost complete absence of nerve elements in the tissues or their destructive changes. An increase in the activity of lytic enzymes was revealed in the interstitial environment of the tissues surrounding the osteomyelitis focus (138-fold increase in the activity of acid phosphatase, interstitial osteolytic index was 7.2-fold higher than blood serum index).CONCLUSION: The pathomorphological signs of chronic osteomyelitis subacute and acute processing were observed in most patients. Breaking the articular cartilage structure was accompanied by invasion of vessels, inflammatory infiltrate, and by activation of osteoclasts in the subchondral zone. Destructive changes of vessels and nerves in the soft tissues associated with the osteomyelitis focus can be etiopathogenetic factors of this disease development. The technologies for stopping this process should be based on obligatory debridement of the focus with sequestrnecrectomy, with regular monitoring of the operated segment condition

Analysis of changes in blood flow oscillations under different probe pressure using laser Doppler spectrum decomposition

Presently, in the modern laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) the distribution of blood perfusion and its changes along the Doppler shift frequencies are simply ignored and/or not properly addressed. Utilizing the registered power spectrum of photocurrent, we introduce an LDF signal processing approach suitable for expanding of diagnostic capabilities of the technique. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to determine how the oscillations of blood flow (cardiac, breathe, myogenic, etc.) are distributed along the Doppler shift frequency. Wavelet analysis is utilized to extract the oscillations corresponded to the particular frequency sub-bands of blood perfusion. The main purpose of this study is to identify influence of local pressure by fiber optic probe on cardiac oscillations and their distribution along frequency of Doppler shift