Eosinophils and Neutrophils-Molecular Differences Revealed by Spontaneous Raman, CARS and Fluorescence Microscopy

Leukocytes are a part of the immune system that plays an important role in the host's defense against viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Among the human leukocytes, two granulocytes, neutrophils (Ne) and eosinophils (EOS) play an important role in the innate immune system. For that purpose, eosinophils and neutrophils contain specific granules containing protoporphyrin-type proteins such as eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively, which contribute directly to their anti-infection activity. Since both proteins are structurally and functionally different, they could potentially be a marker of both cells' types. To prove this hypothesis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Raman imaging were applied to analyze EPO and MPO and their content in leukocytes isolated from the whole blood. Moreover, leukocytes can contain lipidic structures, called lipid bodies (LBs), which are linked to the regulation of immune responses and are considered to be a marker of cell inflammation. In this work, we showed how to determine the number of LBs in two types of granulocytes, EOS and Ne, using fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Spectroscopic differences of EPO and MPO can be used to identify these cells in blood samples, while the detection of LBs can indicate the cell inflammation process

Simultaneous Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Thyroid

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a cystic expansion of a remnant of the thyroglossal duct tract. Carcinomas in the TDC are extremely rare and are usually an incidental finding after the Sistrunk procedure. In this report, an unusual case of a 36-year-old woman with concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in the TDC and on the thyroid gland is presented, followed by a discussion of the controversies surrounding the possible origins of a papillary carcinoma in the TDC, as well as the current management options

Ursolic acid impairs cellular lipid homeostasis and lysosomal membrane integrity in breast carcinoma cells

The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/cells11244079/s1, Figure S1: UA kills MCF7 cells partly through apoptosis; Figure S2: UA causes LC3 puncta formation in MCF7 and HCT15 cells; Figure S3: UA causes LMP prior to MOMP and alters lysosomal localization in HeLa cells; Figure S4: Additional lipidomics data; Table S1: List of resources; Table S2: Internal lipid and drug standards; Table S3: Precursor ion, fragment ion, and neutral loss for lipid identification; Table S4: All experiments.Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, thus the search for new cancer therapies is of utmost importance. Ursolic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene with a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic effects. The latter has been assigned to its ability to promote apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation by poorly defined mechanisms. In this report, we identify lysosomes as the essential targets of the anti-cancer activity of ursolic acid. The treatment of MCF7 breast cancer cells with ursolic acid elevates lysosomal pH, alters the cellular lipid profile, and causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization and leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytosol. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization precedes the essential hallmarks of apoptosis placing it as an initial event in the cascade of effects induced by ursolic acid. The disruption of the lysosomal function impairs the autophagic pathway and likely partakes in the mechanism by which ursolic acid kills cancer cells. Furthermore, we find that combining treatment with ursolic acid and cationic amphiphilic drugs can significantly enhance the degree of lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death in breast cancer cells.This work was supported by grants from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF125), European Research Council (AdG340751), Danish Cancer Society (R167-A11061) and, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF19OC0054296), to M.J., K.M. was supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (6108–00542B) and Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17OC0029432).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Revealing stable processing products from ribosome-associated small RNAs by deep-sequencing data analysis

The exploration of the non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcriptome is currently focused on profiling of microRNA expression and detection of novel ncRNA transcription units. However, recent studies suggest that RNA processing can be a multi-layer process leading to the generation of ncRNAs of diverse functions from a single primary transcript. Up to date no methodology has been presented to distinguish stable functional RNA species from rapidly degraded side products of nucleases. Thus the correct assessment of widespread RNA processing events is one of the major obstacles in transcriptome research. Here, we present a novel automated computational pipeline, named APART, providing a complete workflow for the reliable detection of RNA processing products from next-generation-sequencing data. The major features include efficient handling of non-unique reads, detection of novel stable ncRNA transcripts and processing products and annotation of known transcripts based on multiple sources of information. To disclose the potential of APART, we have analyzed a cDNA library derived from small ribosome-associated RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By employing the APART pipeline, we were able to detect and confirm by independent experimental methods multiple novel stable RNA molecules differentially processed from well known ncRNAs, like rRNAs, tRNAs or snoRNAs, in a stress-dependent manner

Prehospital Troponintesting: hvordan kan måling av troponin-T prehospitalt bidra til at ambulansepersonellet velger riktig omsorgsnivå for pasienter med antatt NSTEMI?

Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å undersøke hvordan måling av troponin-T prehospitalt kan bidra til at ambulansepersonell velger riktig omsorgsnivå for pasienter med antatt hjerteinfarkt uten ST-elevasjon på elektrokardiogram (NSTEMI). I denne litteraturstudien diskuter vi hvorvidt måleapparatene for troponin-T (TnT) er gode nok til anvendelse i et prehospitalt miljø, og i hvilken grad resultatet fra TnT-prøven kan bidra i avgjørelsen av riktig omsorgsnivå. Litteraturstudiet som vi har gjennomført tar utgangspunkt i seks forskningsartikler som belyser problemstillingen vår fra ulike sider og med varierende innfallsvinkler. Denne litteraturstudien konkluderte med at prehospital TnT-måling kan være en indikator for om den enkelte pasient trenger et høyt eller lavt omsorgsnivå, men at TnT- måling alene ikke kan avgjøre hvorvidt en pasient har behov for perkutan koronar intervensjon (PCI). Alle studiene, med unntak av ett, konkluderer med at en negativ TnT- verdi ikke er grunn nok alene til å kunne etterlate en pasient hjemme. Det kreves en videre utvikling av TnT-målere for å kunne bruke det som et verktøy til å velge riktig omsorgsnivå for den enkelte pasient prehospitalt