Trykforskel i nordjysk Skrivekridt - findes der adskilte grundvandsmagasiner

På flere lokaliteter med åbne kalkboringer i Himmerland er der identificeret forskelligt trykniveau i forskellige dybder i kalken. Dette er observeret ved Voldsted nordøst for Støvring og ved Ellidshøj sydvest for Svenstrup. Vores antagelse er, at der findes  to magasiner i kalken med forskelligt trykniveau – adskilt af en lavpermeabel barriere

Tid og Arbejde

I den industrielle æra var tid grundlaget for ledelsens kontrol over arbejdet, og derfor blev tid også kernen i konflikter mellem arbejde og kapital op igennem det 20. århundrede. Mere generelt handlede reguleringen af arbejdstid om arbejdsdagens længde og dens placering på døgnet. Samtidig har begreber som merarbejde, overarbejde og aften- og helligdagsarbejde dannet grundlaget for regulering og konflikter omkring arbejdet. Meget forskning omkring tid og arbejde havde her fokus på tid og belastning, på intensivering af arbejdet, sikkerhed ved lange arbejdsdage, på helbred ved skifteholdsarbejde og muligheder for restitution. Dette forhold mellem tid og arbejde er imidlertid på mange måder under opløsning. Fleksibilisering af arbejdet har ført til en større grad af opgaveorientering og ledelseskontrol med output, frem for arbejdstidens omfang, og dermed været med til at opløse grænserne mellem arbejde og fritid. IT-teknologier gennemtrænger en stadig større dele af arbejdet, muliggør en virtualisering af arbejdet, en løsrivelse i tid og rum, hvor arbejdet kan udføres hvor som helst og når som helst, og er med til at accelerere og fragmentere tiden. Vi ser her en tendens til stadig mere individ- og situationsbestemt arbejdstid, hvor selvforvaltning af arbejdstiden er en central opgave for stadig flere lønmodtagere, både hvad angår hvor, hvornår og hvor længe der arbejdes, samt hvordan arbejdet struktureres tidsmæssigt. Dette går hånd i hånd med en stigende individualisering i samfundet, hvor selvrealisering og karriere sættes i centrum – en udvikling der afspejler sig i en performanceorientering rettet mod muligheder i øjeblikket og bestræbelser på at være ‘på’ og ‘med’. Mens denne fortælling repræsenterer den lysere side af det fleksible arbejde, der ofte er forbeholdt vidensarbejdere, er der også en mørkere af side af fleksibiliseringen; en prekarisering af arbejdet, karakteriseret ved uforudsigelighed og manglende sikkerhed sådan som vi ser det i fx 0-kontrakt jobs, et arbejdsliv der sammenstykkes af mange små jobs. Her er egen forvaltning af tiden ligeledes central, dog under ganske andre betingelser. Forskningen omkring tiden i det fleksible arbejde har således i meget højere grad været optaget af at forstå og studere temporalitet (tidslighed) som noget, der skabes i menneskers aktive bestræbelser på at forme tiden; rytmer, kvaliteter og kvantiteter af tid, der kan få arbejdet som selvrealisering til at lykkes i et bredere livsperspektiv. Forskningen peger således på nye belastninger, der ikke har med arbejdsdagens længde og placering på døgnet at gøre, men som snarere handler om rytmer og kvalitet af tid f.eks. vaner, rutiner og stabilitet. Samtidig fokuserer ny forskning også på aktueller tendenser til reorganisering af forholdet mellem tid og arbejde, med løfter om fleksibilisering og nye balancer mellem arbejde og liv, men også mulige konsekvenser for arbejdstiden. Det gælder for eksempel den omfattende bølge af forsøg med en ’4 dages uge’. Det er et koncept, der spreder sig på tværs af mange nationale kontekster. Forsøgene har mange forskellige udformninger, og fx både kan består af fire relativt grænseløse dage, hvor fem dages arbejde skal nås, og forsøg på styret intensivering af arbejdet der muliggør at fem dages arbejde nås på fire. Hybridarbejde er andet fænomen, der breder sig, forstærket af den seneste covid-epidemi, og som introducerer arbejde. der blander IT understøttet hjemmearbejde med arbejde på en fysisk arbejdsplads. Også her er der mange modeller, som kan være præget af forskellige former for styring og ledelse af både tid og output. I dette temanummer præsentere vi fem artikler, der tager fat i de ny spørgsmål om tid og arbejde fra mange forskellige vinkler og dermed bidrager til at belyse mange af de tendenser som er beskrevet ovenfor.<br/

Ordkendskabsundervisning på mellemtrinnet

Artiklen omhandler et igangværende udviklings- og forskningsprojekt, der har ordkendskabsundervisning på mellemtrinnet som omdrejningspunkt. I første del af artiklen skitseres baggrunden for projektet, og der udpeges nogle overordnede tilgange til ordkendskabsundervisning. I anden delaf artiklen beskrives projektet nærmere, og der sættes fokus på én af de vigtigste og mest oplagte tilgange, nemlig direkte undervisning i udvalgte ord. I den forbindelse præsenteres resultater fra en afprøvning af et 4-ugers undervisningsforløb med 211 elever fra 3. og 4. klassetrin som deltagere. Effekten afundervisningen vurderes gennem et eksperimentelt undersøgelsesdesign, som det kendes fra den psykolingvistiske forskningstradition

Serological Assessment of Activated Fibroblasts by alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA): A Noninvasive Biomarker of Activated Fibroblasts in Lung Disorders

OBJECTIVES: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key event in different lung disorders, such as fibrosis and cancer. The most common cell type in the connective tissue is fibroblasts, which transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts upon activation. All myofibroblasts express α-SMA, which has been found to be upregulated in lung fibrosis and cancer. We evaluated the potential of α-SMA as a noninvasive biomarker of activated fibroblasts in lung fibrosis and cancer. METHODS: A monoclonal antibody was raised against the N-terminal of α-SMA, and a novel competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measuring α-SMA was developed and technically characterized. Levels of α-SMA were measured in the fibroblast model, “scar-in-a-jar”, and in serum from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive lung disorder (COPD) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) belonging to two different cohorts. RESULTS: The novel α-SMA assay was developed and validated as technically robust. Based on the scar-in-a-jar results, α-SMA was only present in the fibroblasts activated by TGF-β. In cohort 1, levels of α-SMA were significantly higher in IPF, COPD and NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0.04, P = 0.001 and P <0.0001, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for separation of healthy controls from IPF patients was 0.865, healthy controls from COPD patients was 0.892 and healthy controls from NSCLC patients was 0.983. In cohort 2, levels of α-SMA were also significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared to healthy controls (P = 0) and the AUROC for separating NSCLC and healthy controls was 0.715. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we developed and validated a robust competitive ELISA assay targeting the N-terminal of α-SMA. The level of α-SMA was upregulated when adding TGF-β, indicating that α-SMA is increased in activated fibroblasts. The level of α-SMA in circulation was significantly higher in patients with IPF, COPD and NSCLC compared to healthy controls. This assay could potentially be used as a novel noninvasive serological biomarker for lung disorders by providing a surrogate measure of activated fibroblasts

The real-world outcomes of multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab

Most patients cannot be included in randomized clinical trials. We report real-world outcomes of all Danish patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with daratumumab-based regimens until 1 January 2019. METHODS: Information of 635 patients treated with daratumumab was collected retrospectively and included lines of therapy (LOT), hematologic responses according to the International Myeloma Working Group recommendations, time to next treatment (TNT) and the cause of discontinuation of treatment. Baseline characteristics were acquired from the validated Danish Multiple Myeloma Registry (DMMR). RESULTS: Daratumumab was administrated as monotherapy (Da-mono) in 27.7%, in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (Da-IMiD) in 57.3%, in combination with proteasome inhibitors (Da-PI) in 11.2% and in other combinations (Da-other) in 3.8% of patients. The median number of lines of therapy given before daratumumab was 5 for Da-mono, 3 for Da-IMiD, 4 for Da-PI, and 2 for Da-other. In Da-mono, overall response rate (ORR) was 44.9% and median time to next treatment (mTNT) was 4.9 months. In Da-IMiD, ORR was 80.5%, and mTNT was 16.1 months. In Da-PI, OOR was 60.6% and mTNT was 5.3 months. In patients treated with Da-other, OOR was 54,2% and mTNT was 5.6 months. The use of daratumumab in early LOT was associated with longer TNT (p<0.0001). Patients with amplification 1q had outcome comparable to standard risk patients, while patients with t(4;14), t(14;16) or del17p had worse outcome (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that timing of treatment (timing of daratumumab in the sequence of all LOT that the patients received throughout the course of their disease) was the most important factor for outcome (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The real-world outcomes of multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab are worse than the results of clinical trials. Outcomes achieved with daratumumab were best when daratumumab was used in combination with IMIDs and in early LOT. Patients with high-risk CA had worse outcomes, but patients with amp1q had similar outcomes to standard-risk patients

Patient profiling for success after weight loss surgery (GO Bypass study):An interdisciplinary study protocol

Despite substantial research efforts, the mechanisms proposed to explain weight loss after gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SL) do not explain the large individual variation seen after these treatments. A complex set of factors are involved in the onset and development of obesity and these may also be relevant for the understanding of why success with treatments vary considerably between individuals. This calls for explanatory models that take into account not only biological determinants but also behavioral, affective and contextual factors. In this prospective study, we recruited 47 women and 8 men, aged 25–56 years old, with a BMI of 45.8 ± 7.1 kg/m2 from the waiting list for RYGB and SL at Køge hospital, Denmark. Pre-surgery and 1.5, 6 and 18 months after surgery we assessed various endpoints spanning multiple domains. Endpoints were selected on basis of previous studies and include: physiological measures: anthropometrics, vital signs, biochemical measures and appetite hormones, genetics, gut microbiota, appetite sensation, food and taste preferences, neural sensitivity, sensory perception and movement behaviors; psychological measures: general psychiatric symptom-load, depression, eating disorders, ADHD, personality disorder, impulsivity, emotion regulation, attachment pattern, general self-efficacy, alexithymia, internalization of weight bias, addiction, quality of life and trauma; and sociological and anthropological measures: sociodemographic measures, eating behavior, weight control practices and psycho-social factors.Joining these many endpoints and methodologies from different scientific disciplines and creating a multi-dimensional predictive model has not previously been attempted. Data on the primary endpoint are expected to be published in 2018. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials. gov ID NCT02070081. Keywords: Gastric bypass (RYGB), Sleeve gastrectomy, Weight loss, Interdisciplinary, Study protoco

Stringent or nonstringent complete remission and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia:a Danish population-based study

Key Points sCR and non-sCR in acute myeloid leukemia are associated with different prognoses. Three lineage blood cell recoveries have independent impacts on prognosis.</jats:p