Dexipm-Grapevine: a multicriteria assessment tool of the sustainability for grapevine farming systems

The development of innovative farming systems to reach new goals of agricultural sustainability needs new methods for efficiency assessment. DEXiPM-Grapevine© is a multicriteria assessment tool for overall sustainability of grapevine farming systems adapted from DEXiPM arable crops (Pelzer et al, 2012). DEXiPM-Grapevine© was implemented during the European PURE Project 2012-2015 (Integrated Pest Management (IPM) solutions in agriculture) in order to assess and compare various innovative grapevine systems. This model includes 65 basic attributes describing the cropping system, which are then combined into 97 aggregated attributes, designed to assess the economic, social and environmental performances. This model is based on expert knowledge and agricultural surveys, to define thresholds of classes for each attribute and the weighting of the aggregations. A guide helps users to adjust these parameter specific features due to local context. We tested DEXiPM-Grapevine© on innovative grapevine systems, designed with low pesticides use, and experimented at field scale in the French EcoViti Network. We made bothex ante and ex post analyses of experimented systems in order to sort them and to adjust their strategies. Three main strategies ofpesticide reduction are explored: (i) IPM, (ii) alternative products, organic and biocontrol approach, (iii) pesticide-free cropping systems based on new grapevine mildew resistant varieties. Seven prototypes are tested on INRA experimental farms in Angers(Loire Valley, center of France), Bordeaux (Atlantic region), and Montpellier (Mediterranean region). The first DEXiPMGrapevine© assessments show a high environmental performance of innovative biocontrol strategies, and new resistant varieties.However, IPM strategies have the best overall sustainability with better economic and social assessments. DEXiPM-Grapevine©supports the analysis of performances and helps to identify the strengths/weaknesses of the tested prototypes. This tool can be used for ex ante assessment to guide the designing of cropping systems. It can also enable to re-adjust the prototypes after fieldexperimentations. A third use for farmers' advisors is to help producers to modify their farming systems to enhance the sustainability of their farm

A prototyping method for the re-design of intensive perennial systems: the case of vineyards in France

The results of our re-design and experimentation of grapevine agrosystem, as well as on the other crops (Lançon et al., 2007 and Wery & Langeveld, 2010) show promising perspectives of the prototyping method to achieve high goals for performance and innovation. The complexity of the grapevine agrosystem (ie the number of technical interventions and their potential interactions) requires a strong systemic approach at the interface between the technical and biophysical dimensions of cropping systems (Rapidel et al., 2009). The approach must implement agro-ecological processes to greatly limit inputs. It also required a high innovation and significant changes in the grapevine agrosystem genetics, structure and management. Our results point out the need to re-design grapevine systems from the crop plantation with new varieties, new training systems and with intercrops aiming to improve ecosystem services and maintain a very high level of sustainability criteria

Arrival angles of teleseismic fundamental mode Rayleigh waves across the AlpArray

The dense AlpArray network allows studying seismic wave propagation with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce an array approach to measure arrival angles of teleseismic Rayleigh waves. The approach combines the advantages of phase correlation as in the two-station method with array beamforming to obtain the phase-velocity vector. 20 earthquakes from the first two years of the AlpArray project are selected, and spatial patterns of arrival-angle deviations across the AlpArray are shown in maps, depending on period and earthquake location. The cause of these intriguing spatial patterns is discussed. A simple wave-propagation modelling example using an isolated anomaly and a Gaussian beam solution suggests that much of the complexity can be explained as a result of wave interference after passing a structural anomaly along the wave paths. This indicates that arrival-angle information constitutes useful additional information on the Earth structure, beyond what is currently used in inversions

Ambient-noise tomography of the wider Vienna Basin region

We present a new 3-D shear-velocity model for the top 30 km of the crust in the wider Vienna Basin region based on surface waves extracted from ambient-noise cross-correlations. We use continuous seismic records of 63 broad-band stations of the AlpArray project to retrieve interstation Green’s functions from ambient-noise cross-correlations in the period range from 5 to 25 s. From these Green’s functions, we measure Rayleigh group traveltimes, utilizing all four components of the cross-correlation tensor, which are associated with Rayleigh waves (ZZ, RR, RZ and ZR), to exploit multiple measurements per station pair. A set of selection criteria is applied to ensure that we use high-quality recordings of fundamental Rayleigh modes. We regionalize the interstation group velocities in a 5 km × 5 km grid with an average path density of ∼20 paths per cell. From the resulting group-velocity maps, we extract local 1-D dispersion curves for each cell and invert all cells independently to retrieve the crustal shear-velocity structure of the study area. The resulting model provides a previously unachieved lateral resolution of seismic velocities in the region of ∼15 km. As major features, we image the Vienna Basin and Little Hungarian Plain as low-velocity anomalies, and the Bohemian Massif with high velocities. The edges of these features are marked with prominent velocity contrasts correlated with faults, such as the Alpine Front and Vienna Basin transfer fault system. The observed structures correlate well with surface geology, gravitational anomalies and the few known crystalline basement depths from boreholes. For depths larger than those reached by boreholes, the new model allows new insight into the complex structure of the Vienna Basin and surrounding areas, including deep low-velocity zones, which we image with previously unachieved detail. This model may be used in the future to interpret the deeper structures and tectonic evolution of the wider Vienna Basin region, evaluate natural resources, model wave propagation and improve earthquake locations, among others

Station sismologique SisMob A194A installée dans le cadre du projet Alparray sur la commune de Méolans (Alpes de Haute Provence)

This photo represents the installation of the seismological station A194A in Méolans (Alpes de Haute Provence) within the framework of the Alparray project (2015-2020), which aims at better understanding the dynamics of the Alps chain. These instruments are part of the national mobile seismological park (SisMob) of the research infrastructure Résif. In the foreground we can see the hole that has been dug to receive the seismological sensor. The sensor has been placed in the gray extension of which we can see the upper edge. This extension has been sealed in a concrete slab, and will then be closed by the cover placed on the ground, and covered with soil. In the background, we see a blue iron canteen that will protect the following equipment: the batteries that power the equipment, the digitizer that records the ground movements felt by the seismological sensor, and the modem that allows data transfer to the Resif data center. Résif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the Earth's internal structure and dynamics. Résif is based on observation networks of high technological level, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed densely throughout the French territory. The data collected allow to study with a high spatio-temporal resolution the ground deformation, the superficial and deep structures, the seismicity at the local and global scale and the natural hazards, especially seismic, on the French territory. Résif integrates with European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and worldwide instruments that allow to image the interior of the Earth as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.Cette photo représente l’installation de la station sismologique A194A à Méolans (Alpes de Haute Provence) dans le cadre du projet Alparray (2015-2020), qui vise à mieux comprendre la dynamique de la chaîne des Alpes. Ces instruments font partie du parc national sismologique mobile (SisMob) de l'infrastructure de recherche Résif. Au premier plan on voit le trou qui a été creusé pour recevoir le capteur sismologique. Le capteur a été placé dans la réhausse grise dont on voit le bord supérieur. Cette réhausse a été scellée dans une dalle de béton, et sera ensuite fermée par le couvercle posé à terre, et recouverte de terre. Au second plan, on voit une cantine en fer bleu qui protégera les équipements suivants : les batteries qui alimentent les équipements, le numériseur qui enregistre les mouvements du sol ressentis par le capteur sismologique, et le modem qui permet le transfert des données au centre de données Résif. Résif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. Résif se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. Résif s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels

Station sismologique OGSA à la station alpine Joseph Fourier à Villard d'Arène (Hautes-Alpes)

Winter view of the seismological station OGSA located at the Lautaret pass (~2000m) in the Jardin Alpin / Joseph Fourier alpine station (Hautes-Alpes). One can only see the electrical cabinet which has been cleared of snow to carry out the maintenance of the site. The station, operated by ISTerre, is integrated into the Permanent Broadband Network (RLBP) and the Permanent Accelerometric Network (RAP) of Résif, a research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the internal Earth structure and dynamics. It is based on observation networks of high technological level, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed in a dense manner throughout the French territory. The data collected enable the study, with high spatio-temporal resolution, of ground deformation, surface and deep structures, local and global seismicity and natural hazards, particularly seismic, on French territory. Résif is integrated into the European (EPOS - European plate observatory system) and worldwide systems of instruments that allow us to image the interior of the Earth as a whole and to study numerous natural phenomena.Vue hivernale de la station sismologique OGSA située au col du Lautaret (~2000m) dans le Jardin Alpin / station alpine Joseph Fourier (Hautes-Alpes). On distingue uniquement l’armoire électrique qui a été dégagée de la neige pour effectuer la maintenance du site. La station, opérée par l’ISTerre, est intégrée au Réseau Large Bande Permanent (RLBP) et au Réseau Accélérométrique Permanent (RAP) de Résif, une infrastructure de recherche dédiée à l’observation et la compréhension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. Il se base sur des réseaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composés d’instruments sismologiques, géodésiques et gravimétriques déployés de manière dense sur tout le territoire français. Les données recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute résolution spatio-temporelle la déformation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicité à l’échelle locale et globale et les aléas naturels, et plus particulièrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. Résif s’intègre aux dispositifs européens (EPOS - European plate observatory system) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intérieur de la Terre dans sa globalité et d’étudier de nombreux phénomènes naturels

Application of the approach system in viticulture

National audienc

Participative design and assessment of innovative low input grapevine cropping systems

International audienceSince 2012, with the support of the PURE Project, three innovative experimental platforms were built inFrance to test low-input grapevine cropping systems (located in Angers, Bordeaux, and Montpellier).The objectives were to reach a high reduction of pesticide use (over 50%) and to promote the alternative IPMand biocontrol methods without any decrease in yield and quality. Innovative cropping systems are needed inviticulture to achieve these goals. After a first step of prototyping of these new cropping systems, experimentationswere carried out to assess the performances of the prototypes.We make the hypothesis that innovation for pest and disease management in perennial crops comes fromcombination of practices and their interactions. Expert groups designed the prototypes. They built the set ofobjectives and constraints (SOC) to be satisfied by the prototypes. These grapevine cropping system prototypeswere then assessed on the three platforms developed during the PURE project.A DEXiPM Grapevine model was adapted in PURE project for the overall assessment of the sustainability of the tested farming systems.The testing of cropping systems was radically different from classical factorial trials that test the effect ofa modality in agronomy. To evaluate the system performance, experimental plots must be independent agroecosystemsand be fairly large (over 2,000 m²). The homogeneity of the physical environment, soil and climateis important. With repetitions, these tests mobilize significant investments over several years in the caseof perennial crops.Cropping system trials experiment a set of decision rules designed for the management of crop practices. Ifthe objectives of the SOC are not achieved, prototypes can be re-adjusted before validation and dissemination.Three main ways of pesticide reduction are explored: (i) IPM, (ii) alternative products and biocontrol, (iii)zero-pesticide cropping systems based on new grapevine mildew resistant varieties. Seven prototypes aretested in INRA experimental farms in Angers (Loire Valley, center of France), Bordeaux (atlantic region), andMontpellier (Mediterranean region).The first results in 2012 showed that 50% of the treatment frequency index (TFI) was obtained in over 40% ofthe tested prototypes.This reduction in pesticide use results primarily from improved control strategies and control of the applicationof plant protection.The first DEXiPM Grapevine assessments show the high environmental performance of innovative biocontrolstrategies. However, the IMP strategies have the best overall sustainability for the moment with better economicand social assessment.Pesticide efficiency and substitution allow the first steps of progress in the systemic approach carried out. There-design of the grapevine system will be necessary in order to reduce pesticide use despite the high sensivityof grapevine to pests and diseases

Conception et évaluation par expérimentation de systèmes viticoles à bas niveau d’intrants phytosanitaires, visant la double performance économique et environnementale

National audienc