Kültür uzun, para kısadır

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 37- Tarlabaşı-Tepebaşı-Taksimİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

The relationship between the form and the synthesis of High-Tech buildings

This study aims to prove the existence of the High-Tech buildings' form-language by using the semiologic and linguistic approaches. The methods of semiology are used, such as grammar rules of form-syntagm; and syntactic & semantic evaluations are made, while generating the designer manual. Grammar rules of form-syntagm are characterized by analysing sample High-Tech buildings. Abstract design principles are exploited during the design process, and while arranging form-syntagms sample buildings' system installations are exploited. Form-syntagms are synthesised by induction to introduce the form-language. The form-language of High Tech approach bases on the design criteria, which are classified into four categories. These categories are: structural design, digital production technologies, advanced construction technologies, and energy-efficient intelligent building design. The form-syntagms in these categories are abstract syntagms: using geometrical auxiliary design tools; and concrete syntagms: using "hard (production) and soft (digital) technologies", vocabulary elements and systematic grammar rules. A designer manual is derived from syntactic and semantic evaluations of samples. The findings from four categories are tested on the manual. Depletion of resources indicates that High-Tech buildings should be energy-efficent intelligent. For authentic design of High-Tech buildings, function, structure, skin, form, material technologies, physical performance, sub-systems, and GIS should be integrated. Arranging form-syntagms leads to the presentation of new syntagms, therefore the possibility of being referable of this work to designers is aimed. The 19th century's industrial production with steel, glass and concrete; the 20th century's urban design according to transportation; end of the 20th century's Information Technology (IT), digital and satellite-imaging (GPS) technologies, wireless are integrated with design. Sustainable design consists of renewable energy, recycling etc. High Tech approach has been transformed by transferring the technologies from industries, such as electronics, mechanics, computers and industrial production. High Tech covers user responsive intelligence mechanisms and active technologies. The results of the study are stated as follows: Structural morphology depends on structural behavior, structural material, functional space configuration, and service & structural systems integration. Digital architecture has transferred technologies from ship building and aeronautics & aerospace industries. Performance based design principles determine the form-syntagm, which consist of FEM and CFD analyses. The projects which are modeled with CAD/CAM tools and being simulated as well are produced in CNC machines. Parametric design is a method in which digital prototyping of elements and buildings are generated, with changing parameters. Hybrid-space of digital architecture is presented as real & virtual. Advanced construction technologies consist of application of IT in building sector and use of BMS and BAS. Energy-efficient intelligent building is a system in which energy consumption is controlled automatically with building components in order to increase energy-efficiency by using active and passive systems. Passive systems reduce heat losses in houses, and supply ventilation in offices. Selective solar control glass is used on façade, which admits daylight. Robotics is a state of the art technology in High Tech. The findings, i.e. Grammar Rules of Form-Syntagm (GROFS) and the Categories (C.1,2,3,4) are as follows: The GROFS, C.1. Structural design and detail: In the form-syntagm: design of structural elements, such as tension chord etc., is arranged according to loads. Long spans are crossed by truss beams. Structure and service systems are integrated. The GROFS, C.2. Digital production technologies: In soft technologies in CAD the operations on geometrical 3-dimensional auxiliary design tools are applied to generic geometrical forms, such as transformations: stretching; combining: addition etc. There are certain examples, such as: monocoque shell and bubble form, wave effect on surfaces. The GROFS, C.3. Advanced construction technologies: At the building component scale the systematic form-syntagm is modeled as intelligent skin type 1 and type 2 by using CAD. Type 1 is the intelligent skin which is double layered, and type 2 is the intelligent skin which is an active façade. The GROFS, C.4. Energy-efficient intelligent building: Systematic form-syntagms according to energy efficiency are as follows: single skin or double skin glazed façades with sun control devices; naturally or mechanically ventilated double skin (multi-skin); double skin ventilated intelligent glazed façades which is one story height or building height. Other syntagms are Stadttor's double skin, the lighting and the HVAC. Keywords: Semiology, High Tech's form-language, energy-efficient intelligent building, digital production.    Bu çalışmada, yüksek teknoloji ile üretilen ve İngilizce kaynaklardan hareketle mimarlık ortamında “High-Tech” olarak isimlendirilen yapıların biçim dilinin varlığının, göstergebilimsel (semiyolojik) ve dilbilimsel yaklaşımlarla kanıtlanması amaçlanmıştır. Göstergebilimin kullandığı yöntemlerden biçim dizgesi gramer kuralları yöntemi; bir tasarımcı kılavuzu oluşturulurken ise sentaktik (sözdizimsel) ve semantik (anlamsal) değerlendirme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Örnek yapıların analiz edilmesi ile biçim dizgesi gramer kuralları tanımlanmıştır. Biçim dizgelerinin tümevarımla sentezi yapılarak “High Tech”in biçim dili ortaya konmuştur. Bu mimari yaklaşımın biçim dili dört kategoride sınıflandırılan tasarım kriterlerine dayanmaktadır. Bu kategoriler, strüktür tasarımı, dijital üretim teknolojileri, ileri inşaat teknolojileri ve enerji etkin akıllı bina tasarımıdır. Bu kategorilerdeki biçim dizgelerinden soyut nitelikliler, geometrik nitelikli tasarım yardımcı araçlarını; somut nitelikliler, üretim ve malzeme teknolojileri ile dijital üretim teknolojilerini, sözlük elemanlarını ve sistemleri kullanmaktadırlar. Dört kategorinin bulguları tasarımcı kılavuzundaki örneklerde sınanmıştır. Enerji kaynaklarının tükenmesi, High-Tech yapıların enerji etkin akıllı bina olmasını gerektirmektedir. High-Tech yapılarda özgün tasarımlar için fonksiyon, strüktür, yapı kabuğu, biçim, malzeme teknolojileri, fiziksel performans, alt sistemler ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (Geographical Information Systems (GIS)) bütünsel düşünülmelidir. Oluşturulan biçim dizgelerinin, yenilerine olanak tanıması ile, bu çalışmanın tasarımcılara referans olabilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 19.yy’ın endüstriyel üretimi; 20.yy’ın ulaşıma dayanan planlaması; 20.yy’ın sonunun ise Bilgi Teknolojileri (Information Technologies (IT)) ve dijital teknolojileri bütünleştirilmektedir. Sürdürülebilir tasarım temelde, yenilenebilir enerji ve geri dönüştürülebilirliği içermektedir. High Tech, elektronik, mekanik, bilgisayar vb. teknolojileri transfer edip, ekolojik tabanlı teknolojiler (Eco-Tech), aktif teknolojiler ve akıllılık mekanizmalarını kapsamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Göstergebilim, High Tech’in biçim dili, enerji etkin akıllı bina, dijital üretim

Updated baseline for a staged Compact Linear Collider

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons