Optimizing crop loading of apples and pears - results 2004-2006 (foliar fertilizers, thinning)

Main topics of the research-project FuE 03OE088 of “Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau” (30.04.2004-31.12.2006) were the testing of foliar fertilizers in organic apples and pears, optimizing lime sulphur for blossom thinning, looking for alternatives to lime sulphur for blossom thinning and looking at different combinations of thinning measures. Only the results of testing foliar fertilizers (carried out by KoGa Ahrweiler and OVB/ÖON Jork) and combinations of thinning measures (carried out by LVWO Weinsberg) are described in this article. Over three years only a small increase in yield was evaluated for the fertilizers Aminosol PS and Wuxal Ascofol (site Ahrweiler, apple variety ‘Elstar’). In Jork (apple variety ‘Holsteiner Cox’) yield could only be judged in 2005 and 2006. Wuxal Ascofol showed some advantage in comparison to the control. At pear variety ‘Conference’ no clear tendencies could be seen, the control had the highest yield. In 2005 the fruitsetting of ‘Conference’ was very low because of bad conditions during blossom

Regulation of Cydia pomonella in the Northern German climate

Population control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is of great importance in ecological fruit-growing. In the work described here we attempted (1) to determine the efficacy of plant protection preparations certified for organic fruit production, and (2) to develop a suitable application strategy. We found that a Granulovirus (Madex3), Bacillus thuringiensis (Xentari) and Neem Azal were able to provide effective control of C. pomonella. The reduced efficacy of Madex 3 as reported e.g. from some Southern German orchards could not be observed in our trials

Hadrons in Medium

We review the current status of theories and experiments aiming at an understanding and a determination of the properties of light vector and scalar mesons inside strongly interacting hadronic matter, with an emphasis on linking calculated properties of hadrons in medium to actual observables.Comment: Lecture by U. Mosel at NFQCD10, Kyoto, Japan, Febr. 201

Studying the ω\omega-mass in-medium in γ+A→π0γ+X\gamma + A\to \pi^0\gamma +X reactions

Simulations based on a coupled-channel transport model have been performed to analyze the feasibility to study the in-medium $\omega$ mass exploiting the process $\gamma+A\to\pi^0\gamma+X$ for C, Ca and Nb nuclei. The distortions due to final-state interactions of the $\pi^0$ and background contributions from the reaction $\gamma+A\to\pi^0\pi^0+X$ are found to be small in the mass range of interest ($0.6<M_{\pi^0\gamma}<0.8$ GeV). Furthermore, the effect of the detector resolution on the $\pi^0\gamma$-mass determination is discussed

Control of the woolly apple aphid (Erisoma lanigerum Hausm.) by releasing earwigs (Forficula auricularia L.) and support oil applications - an interim report of first year results

The woolly apple aphid (Erisoma lanigerum Hausm.) has been recognised for some years as a serious pest in organic fruit growing where they may cause severe economic damage due to a lack of control strategies. Based on preliminary results a new project has been started in 2007 testing combinations of releasing earwigs and oil applications in order to develop an onfarm control strategy. In this paper we present preliminary results of the first year of the project´s field trials. They showed good efficacies for applying oil preparations by brush. The efficacy of releasing earwigs depended on the infestation intensity

Thermodynamics of resonances and blurred particles

Exact and approximate expressions for thermodynamic characteristics of heated matter, which consists of particles with finite mass-widths, are constructed. They are expressed in terms of Fermi/Bose distributions and spectral functions, rather than in terms of more complicated combinations between real and imaginary parts of the self-energies of different particle species. Therefore thermodynamically consistent approximate treatment of systems of particles with finite mass-widths can be performed, provided spectral functions of particle species are known. Approximation of the free resonance gas at low densities is studied. Simple ansatz for the energy dependence of the spectral function is suggested that allows to fulfill thermodynamical consistency conditions. On examples it is shown that a simple description of dense systems of interacting particle species can be constructed, provided some species can be treated in the quasiparticle approximation and others as particles with widths. The interaction affects quasiparticle contributions, whereas particles with widths can be treated as free. Example is considered of a hot gas of heavy fermions strongly interacting with light bosons, both species with zero chemical potentials. The density of blurred fermions is dramatically increased for high temperatures compared to the standard Boltzmann value. The system consists of boson quasiparticles (with effective masses) interacting with fermion -- antifermion blurs. In thermodynamical values interaction terms partially compensate each other. Thereby, in case of a very strong coupling between species thermodynamical quantities of the system, like the energy, pressure and entropy, prove to be such as for the quasi-ideal gas mixture of quasi-free fermion blurs and quasi-free bosons.Comment: 35 page

Treatment of Pionic Modes at the Nuclear Surface for Transport Descriptions

Dispersion relations and amplitudes of collective pionic modes are derived in a pi + nucleon-hole + delta-hole model for use in transport descriptions by means of a local density approximation. It is discussed how pionic modes can be converted to real particles when penetrating the nuclear surface and how earlier treatments can be improved. When the surface is stationary only free pions emerge. The time-dependent situation is also addressed, as is the conversion of non-physical (i.e. unperturbed delta-hole) modes to real particles when the nuclear density vanishes. A simplified one-dimensional scenario is used to investigate the reflection and transmission of pionic modes at the nuclear surface. It is found that reflection of pionic modes is rather unlikely, but the process can be incorporated into transport descriptions by the use of approximate local transmission coefficients.Comment: LaTeX 24 pages, 12 postscript figures in accompanying uuencoded fil

"Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst " : Forschung an den kleinsten Bausteinen und dem Aufbau der Materie

Wissenschaftler aus Bonn, Bochum und Gießen erforschen im Transregio-Sonderforschungsbereich „Subnuclear Structure of Matter“ die kleinsten Bausteine und den Aufbau der uns umgebenden Materie. Zentrales Forschungsinstrument ist ein Elektronenbeschleuniger an der Universität Bonn, die Elektron-Strechter Analage ELSA

Hot Water Dipping in Northern Germany- on farm results after four years of scientific work

In general, organic grown apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) are not treated with chemical fungicides to pre-vent storage decay and these fruits may suffer up to 30% decay during storage. Preliminary experiments had shown that hot water dipping of apples may be an alternative. To inhibit Gloeosporium rot (Pezicula alba, P. malicortis) water temperature may be of about 50°C and dipping time from 60 sec up to 240 sec. The objec-tive was to determinate the suitable hot water treatment that prevent decay incidence and maintain fruit qual-ity (firmness, scale symptoms). In between the years 2002 and 2005 the test were repeated and a recom-mendation for the apple varieties in the area Northern Germany was elaborated