Tetrakis-(2-fenil-4-penten-2-oksi) sübstitüe metalli ftalosiyaninlerin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

2-fenil-4-penten-2-ol ile 4-Nitroftalonitrilin nükleofilik yerdeğiştirme reaksiyonu ile monosübstitüe ftalonitril bileşiği 1 sentezlendi. Ftalonitril bileşiğinin tetramerizasyonuyla dört periferal konumda 2-fenil-4-penten-2-oksi sübstitüe metalliftalosiyaninler CoPc 2,NiPc 3 ve CuPc 4 hazırlandı. Yeni sentezlenen bileşikler FT-IR, UV/VIS ve 1H NMR spektrumları ile karakterize edildi. Elektronik spektrumlarında ftalosiyanin halkasının karakteristik π-π* geçişli Q ve n- π* geçişli B bandları görülür.A new monosubstituted phthalonitrile derivative 1 was synthesized by a nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 2-phenyl-4-pentene-2-ol. Novel metallophthalocyanines CoPc 2,NiPc 3 and CuPc 4 with four peripheral 2-phenyl-4-pentene-2-oxy substituted were prepared by cyclotetramerization of the phthalonitrile. The new synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV/VIS and 1H NMR spectra. In the electronic spectra exhibit an intense π-π* transition with characteristic Q and n- π* transition with B bands of the phthalocyanine core

Is attention deficiency hyperactivity disorder comorbidity not always a negative scenario for specific learning disorder?

Amaç: Özgül Öğrenme Bozukluğu (ÖÖB) başta Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) olmak üzere sıklıkla diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla birlikte görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda ÖÖB tanısı almış olguların komorbid durumları, tedavi ve klinik izlemlerine dair verilerin literatür eşliğinde tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Ocak 2016 ile Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize başvuran, klinik görüşme ve uygulanan psikometrik testler ile birlikte Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı Beşinci Basımı (DSM-5) tanı ölçütlerine göre ÖÖB tanısı konan 18 yaş altı olgular dâhil edilmiştir. Toplam 232 olgunun sosyodemografik verileri, takip süreleri, komorbiditeleri ve aldıkları tedaviler geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Olguların %68,1’ine en az bir psikiyatrik hastalık eşlik ettiği ve en sık birlikte bulunan tanının DEHB olduğu, %58,6’sının ilaç tedavisi kullandığı ve ilaç kullanan olguların en sık DEHB tanısına yönelik tedavi aldıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca olguların %71,6’sının 3 ay içinde tekrar polikliniğe başvurusunun olmadığı gözlenmiştir. DEHB komorbiditesi olan veya DEHB tedavisi alan olguların diğer gruplara göre poliklinik takip sürelerinin daha uzun olduğu ve tanı yaşlarının daha ileri olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca DEHB komorbiditesi olan ve herhangi bir psikiyatrik ilaç tedavisi kullanan olguların tedavi terk oranlarının daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: ÖÖB ye en sık eşlik eden komorbiditenin DEHB olduğu, DEHB varlığı ve psikiyatrik ilaç tedavisinin olguların klinik takibini etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçların ÖÖB tanısının tek bir bozukluk olarak düşünülmemesi gerektiği ve komorbiditelerin tanı ve tedavi sürecindeki önemine vurgu yaptığı düşünülmüştür.Aim: Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is often seen together with other psychiatric disorders, especially Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to discuss the evaluation of comorbid conditions, treatment, and clinical follow-up in cases diagnosed with SLD, in light of the literature findings. Methods: Cases under the age of 18 who applied to our clinic between January 2016 and May 2021 and were diagnosed with SLD according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5 (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria by clinical interview and applied psychometric tests were included in our study. Sociodemographic features, follow-up duration, comorbidities, and treatments of a total of 232 cases were retrospectively examined. Results: We found that 68,1% of participants had at least one psychiatric comorbidity and the most frequent comorbidity was Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); 58.6% were using some medical treatment and the majority of patients who used medication were under ADHD treatment. Furthermore, 71.6% did not continue follow-ups for more than 3 months (drop-out). Patients who had ADHD comorbidity or were under ADHD treatment had longer follow-up durations and older ages at diagnosis compared to other groups. In addition, drop-out rates were lower in patients who had ADHD comorbidity and were using any psychiatric medication. Conclusion: The most common comorbid condition accompanying SLD is ADHD. It was determined that ADHD and psychiatric drug treatment affected the clinical follow-up of the cases. It was concluded that the results have emphasized that SLD should not be considered as a single disorder and the importance of comorbid conditions in the diagnosis and treatment proces

Understanding college student’s motivation for physical activity participation: The role of gender, sport type and activity level

The present study aimed to investigate the motivational factors which has an influence on college students’ participation in recreational physical activities. In this sense, gender, sport type (team or/and individual sport) and level of physical activity (MET scores) differences within motivational dimensions were examined. In the frame of the current study, a convenience sampling strategy was utilized. 383 Middle East Technical University students (Mage= 21.42, SD=3.30) voluntarily participated to this study. Data were gathered with an instrument composing of three sections; a demographic information part, a self-report instrument for measuring physical activity, and Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). Physical condition was found to be the most important participation motive, On the other hand, others expectations motive was the least important physical activity participation motive for Turkish college students. When physical activity participation motivations were compared with regard to gender, there was not any significant difference except for the appearance motivation. Females rated appearance motive lower than males for engaging in physical activity. However, significant sport type and level of physical activity differences were found. One-way MANOVA results revealed that team sport participants had significantly higher other’s expectations motivation with compared to individual sport participants. With respect to activity level difference, higher physically active participants have higher motivations and there were significant differences in competition, mastery and enjoyment motivations among medium and vigorous level physical activity participants. The knowledge of the most significant motives for physical activity participation according to variations of the individuals can help practitioners to lead individuals to activities that best suit them and that best motivate them which is very important to start and continue to any physical activity.// // // /

Spatial Analysis of Urban Ecological-Based Playgrounds in the Cities of Ankara & Antalya Case Study

Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de kentleşme yapısında çocuklar için tasarlanan alanlarda bulunan ekolojik temelli oyun alanlarının özelliklerini incelemek ve bu alanlarda doğa ögelerinin ne boyutta yansıtıldığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda, ekolojik temelli oyun alanları; çevre ögeleri, oyun araçları ve fiziksel özellikler başlıkları altında değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada, sadece sağlıklı gelişim gösteren çocuklar değil özel gereksinimi olan çocuklar için de gelişimi destekleyici ekolojik temelli oyun alanlarının olmadığı dikkati çekmektedir.This study was conducted to analyze the properties of ecological-based playgrounds in the areas designed for children in the city structure of Turkey. The aim of the study is determine to what extent is reflected of natural elements in these areas. The study is a qualitative research design, ecological-based playgrounds have been analyzed under the titles of environmental features, play equipments and physical characteristics. It was remarked that there were no ecological-based playgrounds supporting child development not only for healthy developing children but also for the cildren with special needs

DEVELOPMENT OF MNO2/PANI/SWCNT NANOCOMPOSITE SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODE AND INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE

In this study, a manganese dioxide (MnO2/polyaniline (PANI)/ single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite electrode was prepared for pseudo-supercapacitors. To reduce the internal resistance of the electrode, increase the capacitance stability, and reduce the cost of single-walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNT was subjected to two-step acid etching. The purity of SWCNT was improved from ~95% to 99.98%. In addition, SWCNT was functionalized by this process. Thus, a nanocomposite was formed by coating PANI around SWCNT. MnO2/PANI/SWCNT were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Morphological, chemical and thermal analyses of the synthesized nanocomposite structure were carried out. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystal structure. Electrochemical analyses were performed using a three-electrode system in a 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements were performed. The capacitance of the nanocomposite electrode at 400 cycles was 314 mF/cm2, and the capacitance retention stability was calculated at 73.24%. The results showed that the capacitance stability was high, and the supercapacitor was sensitive to redox reactions

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Evaluation of Enzyme Replacement Treatment Adherence with Telemedicine

Aim:During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, visiting the hospital and getting regular infusions can be difficult for patients with chronic illnesses. Telemedicine may offer a good option for the management of chronic diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases (LSD).Materials and Methods:LSD patients at the Unit of Metabolic Diseases of Ege University were contacted by phone between April, 2020 and March, 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine appointments were performed at intervals every month or three months, depending on the patients’ compliance with their treatment.Results:Ninety-two LSD patients [Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, MPS II, MPS IVA, MPS VI, MPS VII, Gaucher, Fabry, and Pompe] were included in this study. The total skipped treatment rate within one year was 17.1%. Most of the months of interruption were consonant with the time of social isolation. The treatment interruption in patients under 18 years was lower than in patients over 18 years. A positive correlation was detected between the age of patients and the interruption of treatment.Conclusion:The curfew periods might be one of the causes of missed treatment sessions. Telemedicine is a good method to improve the continuity of treatment. This study showed that the number of interrupted enzyme replacement treatments could be decreased via ongoing telemedicine appointments

Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with Glycogen Storage Disease Type IXb.

Introduction: Glycogen storage disorder (GSD) IXb is characterized by liver and muscle involvement. We present a GSD IXb patient with an incidental union of nephrotic syndrome. Case Report: A 4 year-old-patient was diagnosed with GSD IXb at 13 months of age with mildly elevated transaminases and hepatomegaly. During the follow-up period, there was no hypoglycemia. Development and growth were normal. In the last month, the onset of generalized edema was reported. Urinalysis showed a high protein level. He had low serum albumin, high serum triglycerides cholesterol. Complement levels were normal. The patient was diagnosed as minimal change disease with a renal biopsy. He was treated with oral prednisone. Discussion: Minimal Change Disease is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome cases in children and the first step for therapy is the usage of corticosteroids. This is the first report of nephrotic syndrome associated with GSD IXb disease

Rediscovery of penicillin of psychiatry: haloperidol decanoate

BACKGROUND: Haloperidol has been used as an effective antipsychotic for many years and continues to be one of the first options in difficult patients who require parenteral therapy in the acute phase. However, the depot form is less preferred in the treatment of patients with non-adherence among these patients whose clinical stabilization has been achieved by using parenteral haloperidol in the acute phase. Therefore, updating the information about the side effects of the depot form of haloperidol, which is still an effective treatment option, will be useful in reconsidering the position of this medicine among new and different options. METHODS: A total of 54 schizophrenic patients with severe symptoms and poor adherence to treatment who were hospitalized and treated with depot haloperidol following an acute stabilization period were included in this study. First, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-CV) was used to confirm the diagnosis, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) to assess the clinical severity and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) to assess the functionality. The Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) was used to assess extrapyramidal side effects. With the exception of Visit 0, plasma haloperidol levels were measured at all visits. Also, measurements of waist circumference and weight, plasma fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL, iron, haemoglobin (Hgb), prolactin (PRL) and HbA1c were also used for evaluation of the metabolic effects. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the BPRS, SANS, SAPS scores in the long-term follow-up with the depot haloperidol treatment. While the dosage decreased over time, the plasma levels remained changed, and symptom improvement was maintained. No signs such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome or acute dystonia were observed and SAS scores were within acceptable limits during the treatment (mu = 1.40 +/- 2.55). There is no statistically significant difference between measurements of the weight even there was a significant difference between three of the waist circumference values (p = 0.987). The first measurement of the waist circumference is statistically significantly higher than both the mid-measurement and the final measurement, interestingly (p = 0.002). When fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL, iron, Hgb, PRL and HbA1c were measured at different times throughout the study, only prolactin levels increased significantly over time with the use of haloperidol (p < 0.001). At the end of a year, 50% of the patients participating in the study still continued to use the haloperidol decanoate. This means also that half of the patients had stopped to use haloperidol decanoate. However, only 18.5% of them (n = 5) discontinued use of this drug because of extrapyramidal side effects. CONCLUSION: Depot haloperidol remains an effective treatment option that improves treatment compliance in challenging schizophrenia patients with severe symptoms. The long-term metabolic and extrapyramidal side effect profile of the patients were generally within the safe limits with the use of haloperidol depot. According to the obtained data, the depot haloperidol continues to be a reliable treatment option in terms of adverse effects in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia patients with severe symptoms and poor adherence to treatment

Post-1980 inspiration in Turkish painting art

Bu araştırmada, Türk Resim Sanatı'ında, 1980 sonrası yapıt üreten sanatçıların esin kaynakları incelenmiştir. Esinlenme, sanatçılar için olarak olumlu yönleri de olan çok önemli bir kavramdır. Her sanatçının esin kaynakları vardır. Bunlar kültür, yerel kaynaklar ve sanatçıyı etkileyen somut ya da soyut varlıklardır. Sanatçıların esin kaynaklarını analiz etmemiz sayesinde sanatçı eserlerini daha iyi anlayabiliriz. Sanatçıların, esin kaynaklarından nasıl yaralandıklarını ve onların kendi çalışmalarını hangi yöntem ve teknikle sentezlediklerini öğrenmemiz, bizlere sanatçının eserlerindeki estetiği daha iyi anlayarak, yorumlamamızı sağlayabilir. Yapılan tez çalışmasında, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Akademik yayınlar, dergiler, makaleler, kitaplar, süreli yayınlar ve sanal kaynaklardan yararlanılarak literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca sanatçı eserleri analiz edilerek esinlenme yönleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırma, bölümlerden oluşmaktadır. Tez bütününde esinlenme ve beraberinde gelen kavramlar açıklanarak, resim sanatında üretim yapmış, yapmakta olan, sanatçı eserlerinden, esinlenme kaynakları sanatçıların kendileri veya eleştirmenlerce, ifade edilen eserler seçilmiştir. Çalışma, Türk sanatı içinde 1980 sonrası eser üreten on yedi sanatçıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Seçilen sanatçıların eserlerinde, esinlenmenin varlığı görülmüştür. Esinlenme ilişkileri literatür bağlamında da açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Esinlenmelerinin genel analizi yapılmak istendiğinde genel bir yargıda bulunmanın mümkün olmadığı ancak, gelenekten yararlanmanın bir esinlenme kaynağı olarak etkili olduğu, sanatçıların esinlemelerine ragmen kendi sanat biçimlerini son derece özgünleştirdikleri söylenebilir.In this research, the sources of inspiration of the artists who produced works after 1980 in Turkish Painting Art were examined. Inspiration has also inevitable positive aspects for artists as a conscept. Every artist has it's own sources of inspiration. These are culture, local resources and tangible or nonobjective entities which has an impact on the artist. We can comprehend artists' art works better by breaking down their sources of inspiration. Being aware of how artists utilize their sources of inspiration and by which method and technique they synhesize their own art works can make us render the easthetics of the art work by providing us better understanding. Qualitative research methods were used in this thesis study. Literature was reviewed by benefiting form academic publications, journals, articles, books, periodicals and virtual resources. In addition, the aspects of inspiration were tried to be revealed by analyzing the works of artists. This research consists of chapters. In the present study, inspiration and the concomitant concepts are explained and the works of artists who have built in the painting art and whose sources of inspiration are expressed by the artists themselves or by the critics are chosen. The study is limited to seventeen artists who built art works in Turkish Art after 1980. The existence of inspiration in the works of the selected artists were noticed and tried to be explained in the context of literature. It can be said that making a general judment based on the general analysis of artist's inspirations is infeasible but refering to tradition has an impact as a source of inspiration