Covid-19 Induced Neonatal Immunity

December 2019 a few cases of severe pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China The patients were exhibiting symptoms like fever, dry cough, sore throat, breathlessness, and fatigue. investigation employing next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis led to the identification of the causative agent of this respiratory disease, a novel coronavirus 2019  [1]. As more cases started to appear around the world, on February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned a name, Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19, to the disease and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020.  The virus was renamed from 2019-nCoV to SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on the basis of its genetic similarity to a previously known coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(SARS-CoV) [2].Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV- 2, has resulted in more than six million deaths and has infected over 500 million people as of July 19, 2022 [3]. SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID- 19 than non-pregnant women and have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes like intrauterine/fetal distress and preterm birth.The most severe outcomes of COVID-19 have been documented in geriatric individuals and pregnant women with chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiopulmonary problems [4]. Newborn protection from infection is primarily dependent on neonatal innate immune responses and maternally derived, transplacentally acquired antibodies. The extent to which maternal antibodies produced in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy cross the placenta is important for understanding potential neonatal protection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19.We investigated humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 inmaternalandcordbloodpairedsamples in the case of natural infection during late second and third trimesters of pregnancy recruited at TSMU Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology TSMU First University Clinic. Georgia, Tbilisi.  Maternal nasopharyngeal swabs   were collected for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rate-PCR for confirmation of viral infection at the admission to the hospital. We measured IgG to spike (S) receptor-binding domain and nucleocapsid (N) Sixty-eight pregnant women SARS-CoV-2 positive by rRT- PCR were included in our study. Serology samples of maternal and cord blood has been collected immediately after delivery. For study design we have determined inclusion and exclusion criteria’s. General medical data of patients included in the study have been collected from medical records and Informed written consent was obtained from all the patients involved in the study. SARS-CoV-2, IgG has been detected by ELISA method.infected mothers had increased levels of virus-specific antibodies maternal IgG levels showed positive correlations with their counterparts in cord blood. PCR positive mothers showed stronger effect when infection was closer to delivery.Our results show that SARS- CoV-2 infection during the second and third trimester of pregnancy induces antibody response at delivery and causes lower level of the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG trans placental transfer, when the infection is closer to delivery

SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Antibody Titers In Cord Blood After Vaccination Against Covid-19 During Pregnancy

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant patients faced uncertain risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Aim of the study was to determine the titer of specific maternal and umbilical cord antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain after maternal antenatal vaccination. The paper presents preliminary results of the study proceeded in the department. 13 patients vaccinated during different gestational age have been included in the study. All patients participating in this study were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between the 4 to 31 week of gestation. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral protein S receptor domain in serum samples was performed by using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.  Study results demonstrated that, vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 viral infection during pregnancy is accompanied with adequate production of antibodies that probably may defense neonates from severe infection at least within 6 month of life. Study has revealed positive correlation between time interval of vaccination and delivery for the presence of high titers of SARS-Cov-2 viral protein S receptor domain antibodies in neonatal cord blood, which may allow future determination of the optimal timing of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women although this problem need more future studies

COVID-19 Pregnancy and Psycho-neurological Disturbance: Single Hospital Case Report

31 years old pregnant woman at 38 1/7 week of gestation with fever has been admitted to the TSMU   First University Clinic Emergency, with positive COVID-19 PCR test. With characteristic complains of COVID-19 infection.  Family history not significant. Personal history reveals childhood seizure as a result of fever. Vital signs at the admission within normal ranges. All protocol based laboratory tests has been done and protocol based treatment initiated. On the seventh day of Covid-19 infection because of episodes of desaturation and termed gestation, pregnancy termination by induction has been done successfully. At the end of early puerperal period because of hypoxemia resistant to oxygen therapy and CT scan diagnosed severe viral induced pneumonia, with symptoms of encephalopathy has been documented.  Later patient transferred to the mechanical ventilation, protocol based lab tests, diagnostic procedures and treatment initiated. After 1 month with improved condition patient has been transferred to the ob/gyn department for ongoing treatment and rehabilitation at this time severely expressed symptoms of encephalopathy were documented.The underlying mechanisms of neurologic complications in patients with COVID-19 are diverse and, in some cases, multifactorial. Neurologic complications may arise from direct effects of the virus as well as systemic response to the infection or as a result of long lasting inadequate oxygenation of all tissues. Although mechanical ventilation is highly complicated by brain damage, covid-19 induced encephalopathies are as well documented and need more scientifically proved facts of the viral role in this complication