Twenty-two-year cycle of the upper limiting rigidity of Daly waves

The method of calculating energy losses along regular particle trajectories is applied to obtain the predicted cosmic ray anisotropies from 200 to 500 GV. The tilt angle of the interplanetary neutral sheet varies to simulate a 22-year cycle magnetic cycle. The calculated values of solar diurnal and semidiurnal, and sidereal diurnal intensity waves are compared with observations

Ramifications of intranuclear re-scattering in MINOS

MINOS will measure the composition of a neutrino beam at two locations, 735km apart, in an effort confirm the (atmospheric) neutrino oscillation hypothesis and measure the associated mixing parameters. Oscillations will be manifested as a difference in the rate and energy spectrum of muon neutrino CC interactions measured in the two detectors. Because most interactions observed in MINOS are inelastic, the neutrino energy is reconstructed as the sum of the energy carried by the muon and that seen in the hadronic shower emanating from the struck nucleus. The latter is sensitive to uncertainties in the hadronisation process, chief among them those due to intranuclear re-scattering (i.e., final state interactions). We discuss the simulation of intranuclear re-scattering currently used by MINOS and its effect on quantities observable in the experiment.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, To be published in Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.-- Proceedings of the IV International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region, 26-29, September, 200

The Use 0f AVIRIS Imagery To Assess Clay Mineralogy And Debris-Flow Potential In Cataract Canyon, Utah: A Preliminary Report

Worldwide debris flows destroy property and take human lives every year (Costa, 1984). As a result of extensive property damage and loss of life there is a pressing need to go beyond just describing the nature and extent of debris flows as they occur. Most of the research into debris-flow initiation has centered on rainfall, slope angle, and existing debris-flow deposits (Costa and Wieczorek, 1987). The factor of source lithology has been recently addressed by studies in the sedimentary terranes of Grand Canyon (Webb et al., 1996; Griffiths et al., 1996) and on the Colorado Plateau as a whole.3 On the Colorado Plateau shales dominated by kaolinite and illite clays are significantly more likely to be recent producers of debris-flows than are shales in which smectite clays dominate.3 Establishing the location of shales and colluvial deposits containing kaolinite and illite clays in sedimentary terranes on the Colorado Plateau is essential to predicting where debris flows are likely to occur. AVIRIS imagery can be used to distinguish between types of clay minerals (Chabrillat et al., 2001), providing the basis for surface-materials maps. The ultimate product of this study will be a model that can be used to estimate the debris-flow hazard in Cataract Canyon, Utah. This model will be based on GIS overlay analysis of debris-flow initiation factor maps, including surface-materials maps derived from AVIRIS data

Neutrino Interactions at Low and Medium Energies

We discuss the calculations for several neutrino induced reactions from low energies to the GeV region. Special attention is paid to nuclear corrections when the targets are medium or heavy nuclei. Finally, we present several ratios of neutral to charged current reactions whose values on isoscalar targets can be estimated accurately. The ratios are useful for investigating neutrino oscillations in Long Baseline experiments.Comment: Contributed to 1st Workshop on Neutrino - Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region (NuInt01), Tsukuba, Japan, 13-16 Dec 2001. 9 pages, 15 figure

Deucalionis Regio, Mars: Evidence for a unique mineralogic endmember and a crusted surface

A small equatorial region south of Sinus Meridiani, Deucalionis Regio, has been found spectrally distinct from other regions as seen in a high spectral resolution telescopic image of the meridian hemisphere of Mars. Analysis of Viking IRTM and other related data suggest that Deucalionis Regio has a crusted surface. The crust-bonding minerals may contribute to the spectral uniqueness of this region. Two independent analyses of spectral images, linear spectral mixing and supervised classification based on the spectral shapes, showed that in addition to the well-known spectral endmember regions in this image (western Arabia, south Acidalia, and Sinus Meridiani), Deucalionis Regio has spectral properties that are unique enough to make it a principle endmember unit. In those earlier works, Deucalionis Regio was referred to as 'Meridiani Border.' Analysis of thermal inertia, rock abundance, and albedo information derived from Viking images and Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) data obtained 1977-80 also indicate that Deucalionis Regio has a surface of distinctly different physical properties when compared to Arabia, Sinus Meridiani, and Acidalia. Deucalionis Regio has a thermal inertia equivalent to the Martian average, a low rock abundance (less than 5 percent), and an intermediate albedo and color. Considerable effort by previous investigators has revealed a consistent model for the surface (upper few cm) properties of the endmember reigons Arabia, Sinus Meridiani, and Acidalia. Compared with these regions, we consider that Deucalionis Regio is not a region of either (1) unconsolidated, fine bright dust like Arabia, (2) considerable windblown unconsolidated sand like Sinus Meridiani, or (3) a rocky-and-sandy surface like Acidalia. Thus, we are forced to consider that either the surface of Deucalionis Regio is made of unconsolidated fine to medium sand (about 250 microns) of an unusual and previously unreported color and albedo, or that the surface is crusted, fine-grained weathered soil, and the thermal inertia is an indicator of the degree to which the surface sediments have become indurated. We favor the latter

Classification of the LCVF AVIRIS test site with a Kohonen artificial neural network

We present a classification of an AVIRIS spectral image of the Lunar Crater Volcanic Field (LCVF). Geologic mapping from such data is made possible by distinctive mineral signatures: absorption features and the shape of the spectral continuum. The subtle spectral shape differences between some of the geological units in this scene along with the high dimensionality of the spectral presents a challenging pattern recognition task. We found an artificial neural network powerful in separating 13 geological units based on the full spectral resolution. The LCVF, in northern Nye County, Nevada, was the primary focus of the NASA-sponsored Geologic Remote Sensing Field Experiment in the summer of 1989. It consists of over 100 square miles of Quaternary basaltic pyroclastic and flow deposits. These deposits lie atop ignimbrites and silicic lava flows of Tertiary age and in turn are overlain by Quaternary alluvial and playa deposits. This AVIRIS image was collected on September 29, 1989 at 11:44 at 11:44 PDT. The 256-by-256 pixel subsection in this study contains oxidized basaltic cinder deposits, the southern half of the Lunar Lake playa, and outcrops of the Rhyollite of Big Sand Spring Valley. Vegetation in LCVF is sparse, but locally abundant within washes and near springs

Trading in cooperativity for specificity to maintain uracil-free DNA

Members of the dUTPase superfamily play an important role in the maintenance of the pyrimidine nucleotide balance and of genome integrity. dCTP deaminases and the bifunctional dCTP deaminase-dUTPases are cooperatively regulated by dTTP. However, the manifestation of allosteric behavior within the same trimeric protein architecture of dUTPases, the third member of the superfamily, has been a question of debate for decades. Therefore, we designed hybrid dUTPase trimers to access conformational states potentially mimicking the ones observed in the cooperative relatives. We studied how the interruption of different steps of the enzyme cycle affects the active site cross talk. We found that subunits work independently in dUTPase. The experimental results combined with a comparative structural analysis of dUTPase superfamily enzymes revealed that subtile structural differences within the allosteric loop and the central channel in these enzymes give rise to their dramatically different cooperative behavior. We demonstrate that the lack of allosteric regulation in dUTPase is related to the functional adaptation to more efficient dUTP hydrolysis which is advantageous in uracil-DNA prevention

Schnittstellenprobleme zwischen gemeinschaftlichem Stoffrecht und anderem sektoralen Umweltrecht

SCHNITTSTELLENPROBLEME ZWISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTLICHEM STOFFRECHT UND ANDEREM SEKTORALEN UMWELTRECHT Schnittstellenprobleme zwischen gemeinschaftlichem Stoffrecht und anderem sektoralen Umweltrecht / Führ, Martin (Rights reserved) ( -