Unskilled labour before the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is seen as a major turning point in the management of labour, bringing about employment practices that gave structure and stability to the workforce. This paper provides evidence that employers were using hiring and retention strategies to stabilize the unskilled workforce at least a century before industrialization. We exploit the comprehensive employment records that survive from the rebuilding of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London (1672–1748) to reconstruct and analyse the employment history of over one thousand general building labourers, the benchmark category of unskilled workers for economic historians. We show that St. Paul’s was able to stabilize its workforce by establishing a core group of long-standing workers. Tenure was incentivized with more days of work each month on the site, priority in the queue for retention and rehiring in periods of low labour demand, and the opportunity to earn additional income as watchmen. These strategies reduced turnover and may have allowed the Cathedral to retain the most productive workers, reshaping our understanding of when modern employment practices emerged

The potential for bus rapid transit to promote transit oriented development : an analysis of BRTOD in Ottawa, Brisbane, and Pittsburgh

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-114).This thesis explores the conditions under which bus rapid transit (BRT) can promote transit oriented development (TOD). At a time when cities throughout the U.S. are searching for methods to reduce road congestion and limit greenhouse gas emissions, it is critical that city leaders have access to research that can best direct their decisions. Most literature recognizes that, without government intervention, TOD is unlikely at rail stations. The question of whether BRT can promote TOD, however, has not previously been explored. Ottawa, Brisbane, and Pittsburgh serve as case study examples of cities with BRTOD. Analysis of these three cities demonstrates a range of conditions under which BRTOD has occurred. Ottawa has concentrated development at many stations, but it is only where a special effort was made to consider pedestrian conditions and a mix of uses that TOD emerged. Brisbane's BRTOD is the result of careful government efforts to locate BRT stations near existing and planned development that could easily conform to the TOD pattern. Pittsburgh's two BRTOD projects are the result of a community based initiative to shape a neighborhood's new growth. The experiences of all three cities can be used to guide future transit and land use planning in U.S. cities.by Meredith H. Judy.M.C.P

This is an Emergency! : A Reproductive Rights + Gender Justice Portfolio

1 portfolio : illustrations (chiefly color) ; 47 cm. Colophon page title. This portfolio contains a hand sewn \u27zine\u27 with text by Meredith Stern and Judy Kashoff, a colophon page, and a collection of 17 prints. Horizonal and vertical red bands surround the colophon, text, and 17 prints. Seventeen artists created a print for this project. Third Termite Press in Pittsburgh printed the colophon and Ladyfingers Letterpress printed the covers. The participants are: several members of the Justseeds Cooperative including: Melanie Cervantes, Thea Gahr, Bec Young, Favianna Rodriguez, Mary Tremonte, Molly Fair, and myself (Meredith Stern). Also participating are: Ian Cozzens of Secret Door Projects, Kristina Brown, Delia Kovac, Emmy Bright, Lois Harada, Erin Rosenthal, Katrina Silander Clark, Arley Rose Torsone, Sam Merritt, and Olivia Horvath. --[see website listed below]. There is also a written portion of this project which takes the form of a small hand sewn \u27zine\u27. The zine includes interviews with: Judy Kashoff, Gina Glantz, Peg Johnston, Heather Booth, Ken Rinker, Virginia Reath, Elizabeth Esris, and Judith Arcana. Also included is a comic by Susan Simensky Bietila, which was originally printed in World War 3 Illustrated. There are a wide variety of experiences and stories that are untold, and this is an attempt to share some of them. The stories involve people\u27s personal stories as well as their experiences working for equality through political and grassroots movement work. This aspect of the project has an inter-generational component; people in their 20\u27s and 30\u27s interviewed their mentors/elders. Women, feminists, gay, and queer identified people are largely absent from most historical texts and this project will tell some of our stories. --http://www.abortioncarenetwork.org/news/this-is-an-emergency Limited edition of 125 copies. Library has copy no. 13. Gift of Meredith Stern. Includes Press Release.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_books_printmaking/1004/thumbnail.jp

This is an Emergency! : A Reproductive Rights + Gender Justice Portfolio

1 portfolio : illustrations (chiefly color) ; 47 cm. Colophon page title. This portfolio contains a hand sewn \u27zine\u27 with text by Meredith Stern and Judy Kashoff, a colophon page, and a collection of 17 prints. Horizonal and vertical red bands surround the colophon, text, and 17 prints. Seventeen artists created a print for this project. Third Termite Press in Pittsburgh printed the colophon and Ladyfingers Letterpress printed the covers. The participants are: several members of the Justseeds Cooperative including: Melanie Cervantes, Thea Gahr, Bec Young, Favianna Rodriguez, Mary Tremonte, Molly Fair, and myself (Meredith Stern). Also participating are: Ian Cozzens of Secret Door Projects, Kristina Brown, Delia Kovac, Emmy Bright, Lois Harada, Erin Rosenthal, Katrina Silander Clark, Arley Rose Torsone, Sam Merritt, and Olivia Horvath. --[see website listed below]. There is also a written portion of this project which takes the form of a small hand sewn \u27zine\u27. The zine includes interviews with: Judy Kashoff, Gina Glantz, Peg Johnston, Heather Booth, Ken Rinker, Virginia Reath, Elizabeth Esris, and Judith Arcana. Also included is a comic by Susan Simensky Bietila, which was originally printed in World War 3 Illustrated. There are a wide variety of experiences and stories that are untold, and this is an attempt to share some of them. The stories involve people\u27s personal stories as well as their experiences working for equality through political and grassroots movement work. This aspect of the project has an inter-generational component; people in their 20\u27s and 30\u27s interviewed their mentors/elders. Women, feminists, gay, and queer identified people are largely absent from most historical texts and this project will tell some of our stories. --http://www.abortioncarenetwork.org/news/this-is-an-emergency Limited edition of 125 copies. Library has copy no. 13. Gift of Meredith Stern. Includes Press Release.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_artistsbooks/1248/thumbnail.jp

It Works Both Ways: Transfer Difficulties between Manipulatives and Written Subtraction Solutions

Three experiments compared performance and transfer among children aged 83-94 months after written or manipulatives instruction on two-digit subtraction. In Experiment 1, all children completed the posttest in a written format, while in Experiment 2, all children took a posttest using manipulatives. Experiment 3 investigated how altered surface features of the blocks affected posttest performance, subtraction strategies and mathematical behaviors. In the first two experiments, children demonstrated performance gains when the posttest format was identical to the instructed format, but failed to demonstrate transfer from the instructed format to an incongruent posttest. Posttest performance in these two experiments provides evidence for bidirectional challenges in transfer between manipulatives and written instruction. In the third experiment, children who learned with standard, unaltered blocks more often used productive problem-solving strategies and engaged in mathematical behaviors significantly more often than children who used blocks with altered surface features. Flexibility and the need to provide explicit links between written and manipulatives instruction are discussed.Fil: David, Uttal H.. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Amaya, Meredith. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Maita, María del Rosario. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; ArgentinaFil: Liu Hand, Linda. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Cohen, Cheryl. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: O'Doherty, Katherine. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Deloache, Judy. University of Virginia; Estados Unido

Reviewer Form Induction, Multiplication, and Acclimatization of Red Betel Plant (Piper Crocatum Ruiz and Pav.) By in Vitro Organogenesis

Animals have many ways of protecting themselves against stress; for example, they can induce animal-wide, stress-protective pathways and they can kill damaged cells via apoptosis. We have discovered an unexpected regulatory relationship between these two types of stress responses. We find that C. elegans mutations blocking the normal course of programmed cell death and clearance confer animal-wide resistance to a specific set of environmental stressors; namely, ER, heat and osmotic stress. Remarkably, this pattern of stress resistance is induced by mutations that affect cell death in different ways, including ced-3 (cell death defective) mutations, which block programmed cell death, ced-1 and ced-2 mutations, which prevent the engulfment of dying cells, and progranulin (pgrn-1) mutations, which accelerate the clearance of apoptotic cells. Stress resistance conferred by ced and pgrn-1 mutations is not additive and these mutants share altered patterns of gene expression, suggesting that they may act within the same pathway to achieve stress resistance. Together, our findings demonstrate that programmed cell death effectors influence the degree to which C. elegans tolerates environmental stress. While the mechanism is not entirely clear, it is intriguing that animals lacking the ability to efficiently and correctly remove dying cells should switch to a more global animal-wide system of stress resistance

FORUM:Remote testing for psychological and physiological acoustics

Acoustics research involving human participants typically takes place in specialized laboratory settings. Listening studies, for example, may present controlled sounds using calibrated transducers in sound-attenuating or anechoic chambers. In contrast, remote testing takes place outside of the laboratory in everyday settings (e.g., participants' homes). Remote testing could provide greater access to participants, larger sample sizes, and opportunities to characterize performance in typical listening environments at the cost of reduced control of environmental conditions, less precise calibration, and inconsistency in attentional state and/or response behaviors from relatively smaller sample sizes and unintuitive experimental tasks. The Acoustical Society of America Technical Committee on Psychological and Physiological Acoustics launched the Task Force on Remote Testing (https://tcppasa.org/remotetesting/) in May 2020 with goals of surveying approaches and platforms available to support remote testing and identifying challenges and considerations for prospective investigators. The results of this task force survey were made available online in the form of a set of Wiki pages and summarized in this report. This report outlines the state-of-the-art of remote testing in auditory-related research as of August 2021, which is based on the Wiki and a literature search of papers published in this area since 2020, and provides three case studies to demonstrate feasibility during practice

Assessment of the Field Utility of a Rapid Point-of-Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Household Cohort.

Point-of-care (POC) tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies offer quick assessment of serostatus after natural infection or vaccination. We compared the field performance of the BioMedomics COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test against an ELISA in 303 participants enrolled in a SARS-CoV-2 household cohort study. The rapid antibody test was easily implemented with consistent interpretation across 14 users in a variety of field settings. Compared with ELISA, detection of seroconversion lagged by 5 to 10 days. However, it retained a sensitivity of 90% (160/177, 95% confidence interval [CI] 85-94%) and specificity of 100% (43/43, 95% CI 92-100%) for those tested 3 to 5 weeks after symptom onset. Sensitivity was diminished among those with asymptomatic infection (74% [14/19], 95% CI 49-91%) and early in infection (45% [29/64], 95% CI 33-58%). When used appropriately, rapid antibody tests offer a convenient way to detect symptomatic infections during convalescence

Collage Vol. I

JUDY COCHRAN: Editorial MICHAEL TANGEMAN: Haikus 2-5 ELISE ALBRECHT, CURTIS PLOWGIAN: French Calligrams 6 JASON VARDEN: Waiting 7 ALEXANDER GREEN: Photo 8 EDUARDO JARAMILLO: Formas violentas 9-11 GABRIELE DILLMANN: Photo 12 MICHAEL GOLDSBERG: Funf fur Ashley 13 MEGAN CARLSON: Fur Jared (German) 14 MAGGIE GLOVER: For Jared 14-15 CHRIS FAUR: Painting 16 LINDSEY ESHELMAN: Stuhl (The Chair) 17 HALLE THOMPSON, GWENN DOBOS: Les Bouches 18 JILL BOO: Lacheln (A Smile) 19 ALEXANDER GREEN: Photo 20 JULIA GRAWEMEYER: Villanelle 21, Expressions francaises (French Figures) 22-23, Pour me rappeler (So that I\u27d remember) 24 MICHEL CLIQUET: Photo 25 CHARLES O\u27KEEFE: Photos 26-28 LINE LERYCKE: Photos 29-32 MICHEL CLIQUET: Pierre docile (Docile Stone) 29-32 LOGAN FAVIA: Ataraxia 33 AVRITA SINGH: Absence 34 RACHEL GROTHEER: Compassion 35, Ligne (Line) 36, Nuit, douce nuit (Night, gentle night) 37, Rouge (Red) 38, Bonjour Bleu (Hello Blue) 39, Ligne courbe (Curved Line) 40 AMELIA DUNLAP: Compassion 41-42 KYLE SIMPSON: Separation 43 ALEXANDER GREEN: Photo 44 GWENN DOBOS: Ataraxia 45 SARAH SLOTKIN: Separation 46 CURTIS PLOWGIAN: Absence 47 ELISA VER MERRIS: Photo 48, Attachement (Attachment) 49 JENNIFER JOHNSON: Attachement (Attachment)50 ANNA KELLY: Compassion 51 RICHARD BANAHAN: Photo 52, Mon grand-pere et moit (My grandfather and me) 53 MEREDITH KATZ: Separation 54 BRENDA HEATER: Compassion 55 ZACHARY WALSH: Ataraxia 56 MICHEL CLIQUET: Photos 57-5