Genetic diversity and relationship among indigenous Turkish Karayaka sheep subpopulations

The Karayaka is the most populous sheep breed in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In the present study, we investigated the intra- and inter-population genetic relationships among indigenous Karayaka sheep subpopulations. Nine microsatellites were genotyped for 64 individuals from Samsun, Ordu, Giresun and Tokat provinces. The average number of alleles (N-a), allelic richness (A(r)), observed heterozygosity (H-o), expected heterozygosity (H-e), polymorphism information content (PIC) and inbreeding coefficient (F-IS) for all subpopulations were estimated as N-a = 16.44, A(r) = 9.887, H-o = 0.303, H-e = 0.886, PIC = 0.866 and F-IS = 0.630, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.171 (Giresun) to 0.376 (Ordu) and 0.757 (Samsun) to 0.845 (Ordu), respectively. It was determined that a 10.5 % of total genetic variation (F-IT = 66.9 %) in Karayaka sheep corresponded to genetic differences among subpopulations (F-ST), whereas 63.0 % was explained by genetic difference among individuals (F-IS). This study gives the first evidence about genetic relationships of Karayaka subpopulations. The results show that Karayaka sheep subpopulations are genetically different from each other. These findings revealed that the Karayaka breed has discrete subpopulations and should be taken into consideration when preparing conservation programs and future breeding strategies

Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context

This study investigates empirically an extended version of the Environmental Kuznets Curve model that controls for tourism development. We find that international tourist arrivals into Turkey alongside income, squared income and energy consumption, cointegrate with CO2 emissions. Tourist arrivals, growth, and energy consumption exert a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions in the long-run. Our results provide empirical support to EKC hypothesis showing that at exponential levels of growth, CO2 emissions decline. The findings suggest that despite the environmental degradation stemming from tourism development, policies aimed at environmental protection should not be pursued at the expense of tourism-led growth

Fatty acid profile and sensory properties of lamb meat from males of five indigenous breeds

The objective of this study was to determine meat quality characteristics, fatty acid profiles, and sensory characteristics of 50 single-birth male lambs from five breeds: Artli (n = 10), Cepni (n = 10), Hemsin (n = 10), Karayaka (n = 10), and Of (n = 10). At the beginning of the experiment, the average age and weight of the lambs were 120 +/- 5 d and 30.7 +/- 0.68 kg respectively. After 60 d of intensive fattening, the average live weight before slaughter was 40.96 kg +/- 0.76 kg. All evaluations were performed on samples from the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle. There was no difference between breeds in terms of the pH values of the hot carcasses, whereas the cold carcass pH values were higher (P<0.001) in Hemsin animals than in the other breeds. Meat chemical properties (such as organic matter; dry matter; and fat, measured as the ether extract), physical properties (such as cooking loss; drip loss; and water-holding capacity, WHC), and instrumental values (such as colour, L* and b* values, chewiness, hardness, and resilience) were significantly affected by breed differences. Additionally, the differences between breeds were found to be significant in terms of the fatty acid composition and the evaluation of organoleptic properties, such as sensory characteristics, flavour, and juiciness of cooked (boiled or roasted) meat. The results show that lamb meat's physical, chemical, and sensory properties vary by breed. The differences found in the composition and presence of meat fatty acids between and within breeds can be used as a source of variation for future genetic improvement strategies

Investigation of antibacterial activity of footwear leather obtained from different tanning

In present study, antibacterial properties of leathers prepared by different tanning processes such as chromium, vegetable (mimosa and quebracho) and wet-white (modified glutaraldehyde) processes were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative tests. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862 and Bacillus cereus NRRL-B-3711 as a representative of Gram-positive, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as a representative of Gram-negative were used in our study. The best inhibition effect was achieved against S. aureus by disc diffusion method. According to the bacterial reduction performance of leathers, the antibacterial property of vegetable tanned samples was higher than that of chrome and wet-white tanned samples against E. coli. The surface morphology of the leathers was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In SEM analysis, the pores of chrome tanned leather were found to be larger than those of vegetable and wet white tanned leather, and these results were verified by the imagej program. We considered that the antibacterial properties of leathers can be improved by various plant extracts. © 2020 Ege Universitesi. All rights reserved

Epigenetics Regulators of Genomic Imprinting in Mammals

Genomic imprinting is expression of gene’s only one allele in one of homolog chromosome depending on its maternal or paternal origin. A waste number of genes which are under the imprinting effect were identified as it has a key role in mammalian growth. The first three genes which is identified as imprinted are Igf2r, Igf2 and H19 which are first discovered in mouse genome. Over a hundred genes are identified as imprinted in mammals. Most of the imprinted genes are considered as they have a key role in growth and differentiation. In this review, epigenetic regulators of imprinted genes in mammals were mentioned

The analysis of mitochondrial data indicates the existence of population substructure in Karayaka sheep

WOS: 000436214600006In the current study, we investigated the existence of population substructure in the Karayaka sheep breed from Turkey. A fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop region has been successfully sequenced in 69 Karayaka sheep sampled in the districts of carsamba, Bafra and Ladik. Though the B haplogroup was the most abundant in these three subpopulations, haplogroup frequencies and nucleotide diversities were remarkably different. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the existence of a significant (P-value = 0.019) between-subpopulations component representing 5.14% of the total variation. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses showed that the fixation index (FsT) and the Gamma(ST) genetic distance between Karayaka subpopulations are similar to those observed between certain Turkish sheep breeds. We conclude that there is a significant population substructure in Karayaka sheep. Since breeds do not behave as single panmictic populations, this result could probably be extrapolated to other ovine breeds. Noteworthy, population substructure can have adverse effects on the maintenance of breed diversity and it is an important confounder effect in genome-wide-association studies.Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (Spain)Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria (INIA) [RZ2011-00015-C03-01]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [22016-20192, SEV-2015-0533]This research was partially funded by a grant (RZ2011-00015-C03-01) from the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (Spain). We also acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa 22016-20192 (SEV-2015-0533) grant awarded to the Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics. Thanks also to the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya

A Current Approach in Animal Breeding: CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Modification System

Genome modifications include potential about providing significant advantages on increasing yield performance and developing resistance to diseases. Gene editing methods that provides silencing or expressing of a gene which is an individual already has, have important potential for improving genetic structure without environmental effects. In recent times, new gene editing systems were developed. These are ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), TALENs (Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR/Cas nuclease systems. CRISPR/Cas system is a microbial immune system that uses RNA guided nucleases for destroying genetic materials and its potential usage like a simple and efficient gene editing mechanism in animals is being evaluated recently. In this review, we summarized CRISPR/Cas9 system and its usability in animal breedin

ODTÜ Arkeoloji Müzesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2017.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Çekiç, Can Eyüp

Tuberculin Skin Test and Quantiferon (R)-TB Gold In-Tube Test for Latent Tuberculosis Before Biologic Treatments: Lower Agreement Rate in Spondyloarthropathies Compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis

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