EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SOLUBILITY OF ELEMENTAL SULPHUR IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN 10 AND 40 MPA

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Experimental Studies of solubility of Elemental Sulphur in Supercritical Nitrogen

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Experimental study of solubility of elemental sulphur in methane

International audienceThe chemical engineering department of LaTEP has been working for many years on theproblem of sulphur deposition especially in natural gas network [1, 2]. The solid sulphurappears immediately downstream of a pressure reduction facility. One of the hypothesesproposed to explain the solid formation, based on a thermodynamic approach, is thedesublimation of sulphur. During gas expansion, both pressure and temperature decrease.Consequently the gas may become over saturated in sulphur. Because we are below thetemperature of sulphur triple point, part of the gaseous sulphur can be transformed into solidparticles. Thus, it is important to obtain solubility data of sulphur in natural gases. Methane isthe major natural gas component. So, it is of importance to measure solubility of elementalsulphur in CH4. In this paper experimental measurements up to a pressure and temperature of30 MPA and 363.15 K are presented.The principle of the experimental pilot can be resumed following three steps: saturationof the gas with sulphur, trap of all the dissolved gaseous sulphur and finally quantification.Although the principle is simple, experimental difficulties occur at the three steps. A variablevolume equilibrium cell is used to saturate the gas with sulphur. Since sulphur solubility valueis weak in gas transport conditions, the volume of the cell is necessarily big (0.5 Litre). Thepressure of the equilibrium cell is held constant thanks to a piston during the trapping step. Anoriginal gaseous sulphur trapping method was developed. It is based on the reactiveabsorption of the gaseous sulphur with solvent. Indeed, the gas bubbles into a liquid solutionwhich traps gaseous sulphur. Finally, the solution which contains a standard is analysed bygas chromatography and sulphur is quantified. The total volume of the gas withdrawn isdetermined by a position transducer placed on the autoclave. Then, the sulphur solubilityvalue is calculated

Adult cardiac myocytes survive and remain excitable during long-term culture on synthetic supports

AbstractObjective: Cardiomyocytes can be transplanted successfully into skeletal and cardiac muscle. Our goal was to determine the feasibility of grafting cardiomyocytes onto various synthetic supports to create an excitable and viable tissue for implantation. Methods: Adult rat cardiomyocytes were cultured over an 8-week period onto different substitutes, including human glutaraldehyde-treated pericardium (n = 3), equine glutaraldehyde-treated pericardium (n = 3), polytetrafluoroethylene (n = 8), Dacron polyester (n = 16), and Vicryl polyglactin (n = 8). Results: Only the cells seeded on the Dacron survived, with the synthetic fibers colonized at 8 weeks. On the other supports, the number of myocytes progressively decreased from the first week, with their density (number of cells per square millimeter) being, after 20 days, 17 ± 2 on the polytetrafluoroethylene and 5 ± 1 on the human or equine pericardium compared with 45 ± 3 on the Dacron. After 8 weeks of culture on Dacron, the sarcomeric protein (sarcomeric α-actinin) was detected in all cells. In addition, the staining was regularly arranged and well aligned in a striated pattern. Spontaneous beating activity was obtained. Moreover, electrical stimulation of the cell preparation resulted in the generation of calcium transients, the frequency of which followed the frequency of the electrical stimulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that adult cardiac myocytes remain viable and excitable during long-term culture on a 3-dimensional Dacron support, which might constitute a new synthetic cardiac tissue. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:510-9

Using of employment survey in order to modify the program of studies

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Etude expérimentale de la solubilité du soufre dans le gaz naturel

Ces dernières années, des problèmes de fonctionnement dus à la formation de dépôts de soufre élémentaire ont été rapportés dans les réseaux de transport du gaz naturel. La compréhension du phénomène passe par la connaissance de la solubilité du soufre dans ces conditions de pression et de température. Des données sont disponibles seulement dans les conditions de gisement du gaz naturel. Un appareillage expérimental a donc été conçu pour mesurer la solubilité du soufre dans les conditions de transport du gaz naturel. Le protocole de mesure se décompose en trois étapes. La première consiste saturer un gaz en soufre dans une cellule d équilibre. Une fois l équilibre solide/gaz établi, le gaz saturé est évacué et bulle dans une solution de piégeage qui capture le soufre dissout par absorption réactive. La dernière étape consiste en la quantification indirecte du soufre présent dans la solution de piégeage par chromatographie en phase gazeuseOver recent years, many problems of elemental sulphur deposits in natural gas transmission line systems have been notified. These problems occur very often immediately downstream of a pressure reduction facility. In order to prevent the apparition of solid sulphur deposits causing security and maintenance problems it is imperative to determine sulphur solubility in natural gas at pressures and temperatures corresponding to transport conditions. For this work, an original experimental apparatus was designed to measure sulphur solubility in natural gas. The protocol principle is schematically divided into three steps: saturation, trapping and quantification. During the first step solid/gas equilibrium is established between the studied gas and the solid sulphur. Then the saturated gas is evacuated and pass through three separators where sulphur is trapped by reactive absorption. Finally the trapping solution are analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the solubility.PAU-BU Sciences (644452103) / SudocSudocFranceF