Formaldehyde in the Indoor Environment

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Synthesis and reduction reaction of novel triazole compounds in the solid-media condition by using microwave method

Some new triazole-3-one compounds have been synthesized and then reduction of carbonyl group in the molecule has been carried out to give a corresponding hydroxyl group which possesses asymmetric carbon atom in good yields, short reaction times and an eco-friendly approach in solvent-free condition by using microwave irradiation

Microwave assisted synthesize of new some benzimidazole derivatives and determination of protonation constant of these compounds in non-aqueous media

A series of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized via microwave mediated process. Different benzimidazole derivatives were titrated with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol, N,N-dimethylformamide,tert-butyl alcohol and acetonitrile), using potentiometric method. The half neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one Derivatives

4-Amino-5-(methyl/ethyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one were synthesized from the reaction of (methyl/ethyl)-ester ethoxycarbonyl hydrazone with hydrazine hydrate and then, converted to corresponding Schiff bases using 9H-fluorene- 3-carbaldehyde. Ester, hydrazide and oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized starting from Schiff bases in three steps. All reactions occurred under conventional conditions and microwave irradiation. The obtained results were compared.KEYWORDS Triazole, oxadiazole, hydrazine hydrate, microwave irradiation

Cytotoxic Effect of Turkish Propolis on Liver, Colon, Breast, Cervix and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose: To investigate the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant power and cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of Turkish propolis (EEP).Methods: The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of EEP were determined by spectrometric methods. Antioxidant power and cytotoxic activity of EEP were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and MTT assays, respectively.Results: The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, and FRAP value of EEP were 124.6 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid/g sample dry weight , 42.0 ± 0.8 mg quercetin/g sample dry weight and 311.0 ± 2.5 mg trolox/g sample dry weight, respectively. EEP exhibited powerful cytotoxic effects against the five human cancer cell lines. The highest cytotoxic activity of Turkish EEP was demonstrated on PC-3 cell line (IC50 = 20.7±3.4 μg/mL).Conclusion: The results demonstrate that EEP is a good source of antioxidant and a natural antitumor agent capable  of reducing cancer cell proliferation.Keywords: Propolis, Polyphenols, Cytotoxic effect, Cancer cell lines, Antioxidant activity Tropical Journal of  Pharmaceutical Research is indexed by Science Citation Index (SciSearch)

Scoring, selecting, and developing physical impact models for multi-hazard risk assessment

This study focuses on scoring, selecting, and developing physical fragility (i.e., the probability of reaching or exceeding a certain DS given a specific hazard intensity) and/or vulnerability (i.e., the probability of impact given a specific hazard intensity) models for assets, with particular emphasis on buildings. Given a set of multiple relevant hazards for a selected case-study region, the proposed procedure involves 1) mapping the relevant asset classes (i.e., construction types for a given occupancy) in the region to a set of existing candidate fragility, vulnerability and/or damage-to-impact models, also accounting for specific modelling requirements (e.g., time dependency due to ageing/deterioration of buildings, multi-hazard interactions); 2) scoring the candidate models according to relevant criteria to select the most suitable ones for a given application; or 3) using state-of-the-art numerical or empirical methods to develop fragility/vulnerability models not already available. The approach is demonstrated for the buildings of the virtual urban testbed “Tomorrowville”, considering earthquakes, floods, and debris flows as case-study hazards

Disaster resilience analysis of urban transportation networks to support decision-making on planning and expansion

HUB-Istanbul work package (WP) 2.6 aims to evaluate multi-hazard resilience analysis of urban transportation networks and suggest the potential approach for analysing the case study area, Fikirtepe, Istanbul, Turkey. Research outcomes will be conveyed by five deliverables. The first deliverable summarised the overall framework of analysis and required data for assessing physical vulnerability. Based on the framework, this second deliverable deals with the collection and handing of the data required to evaluate traffic functionality of roadways and system, while discussing characteristics and challenges in analysing transport systems, methods for quantifying system functionality, probabilistic analysis framework and selected analysis parameters in the present study. Based on the framework and datasets summarised in the first two deliverables, the third deliverable will develop a probabilistic model to incorporate multi-layered analysis and data, which will be demonstrated by pilot examples. The fourth deliverable will present a thorough analysis of real-world transportation networks in the case study area, including mapping, network analysis and network performance evaluation. The evaluation results should be used to support decisions through mathematically formulated decision tasks, which will be illustrated in the fifth deliverable. This second deliverable summarises the risk assessment of urban transportation networks, including the characteristics of urban transportation networks, evaluation of system functionality and probabilistic inference to support decision-making. Based on the investigation, this deliverable proposes the analysis framework and parameters to be used in this project, with a focus on the study area, Fikirtepe, Istanbul, Turkey

Preliminary investigation of multi-hazard resilience analysis for urban transportation networks and data availability for hazard models and vulnerability of physical objects

HUB-Istanbul work package (WP) 2.6 aims to develop tools to analyse the multi-hazard resilience of urban transportation network in complex and evolving metropolitan environment, and propose a demonstrative application to a case study area: Fikirtepe in Istanbul, Turkey. Research outcomes will be conveyed by five deliverables. This document is the first deliverable, summarising the overall framework of analysis and required data for assessing physical vulnerability. Based on the framework, the second deliverable will deal specifically with another type of data required to evaluate traffic functionality of roadways and network performance. Based on the framework and datasets identified in the first two deliverables, the third deliverable will develop a probabilistic model to incorporate multi-layered analysis and data, which will be demonstrated by pilot examples. The fourth deliverable will present a thorough analysis of real-world transportation networks in the case study area, including mapping, network analysis and network performance evaluation. The evaluation results should be used to support decisions through mathematically formulated decision tasks, which will be illustrated in the fifth deliverable. This first deliverable summarises and proposes the research objectives, the framework of multi-hazard disaster resilience analysis of urban transportation networks and data requirement for assessing physical vulnerability, which are accompanied with thorough literature review. Based on the development, major hazard threats and distributions of bridges are identified for the case study area, Fikirtepe in Istanbul, Turkey

The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Oxidative Stress during Pneumoperitoneum

. Purpose. This study was intended to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress response in pneumoperitoneum established in rats. Methods. Animals were randomized into three groups, group S: with no pneumoperitoneum, group P: with pneumoperitoneum established, and group D: given 100 mcg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine 30 min before establishment of pneumoperitoneum. Plasma total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) activity were measured 30 min after conclusion of pneumoperitoneum. Results. The mean TOS level was significantly higher in group P than in the other two groups, and the TOS level was significantly higher in group D than in group S ( < 0.05). Plasma TAS level was found to be lower in group P than in the other two groups, and the TAS level was lower in group D than in group S ( < 0.05). Consequently, the OSI was significantly higher in group P than in groups D and S ( < 0.05). Conclusions. Ischemiareperfusion phenomenon that occurs during pneumoperitoneum causes oxidative stress and consumption of plasma antioxidants. Dexmedetomidine decreases oxidative stress caused by pneumoperitoneum and strengthens the antioxidant defense system

Reduction of the Yb valence in YbAl3 nanoparticles

Measurements of specific heat, dc magnetic susceptibility, and Yb LII and LIII x-ray absorption near-edge structure XANES and extended x-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS on YbAl3 milled alloys are reported. X-ray diffraction patterns are consistent with a reduction in particle size down to 10 nm and an increase in the lattice strain up to 0.4% for 120 h of milling time. A decrease in the mean valence from 2.86 for the unmilled alloy to 2.70 for 120 h milled YbAl3 is obtained from the analysis of XANES spectra. From the analysis of spectra in the EXAFS region, an increase in the mean-square disorder of neighbor distance with milling time is detected in good agreement with the results of x-ray diffraction. Size effects strongly influence the magnetic and thermal properties. The value for the maximum of the magnetic susceptibility decreases around 30% for 120 h milled alloy and an excess specific heat, with a peak around 40 K in the milled samples, is derived. These changes in the physical properties along the milled YbAl3 alloys are associated with the reduction in particle size. Such a reduction leads to the existence of a large number of Yb2+ atoms at the surface with respect to the bulk affecting the overall electronic state